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Behavioral Outcome Of Preschoolers Exposed Prenatally To Cocaine: The Role Of The Caregiving Environment., Veronica L. Haynes
Behavioral Outcome Of Preschoolers Exposed Prenatally To Cocaine: The Role Of The Caregiving Environment., Veronica L. Haynes
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study evaluated the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavioral outcome at age 5 years, while considering the influence of the postnatal caregiving environment indicated by maternal drug use, maternal psychological functioning, and parenting quality. Behavioral outcome was measured by parent-reported behavior problems on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Subjects were 210 preschoolers (107 cocaine-exposed and 103 nondrug-exposed) and their biological mothers drawn from a larger cohort of mother-child pairs enrolled at birth in a longitudinal study evaluating the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children prenatally exposed to cocaine. The relationships among prenatal cocaine exposure, maternal adaptation (i.e., maternal …
Using A Behavioral Economic Assessment To Evaluate Stimulus Preferences And To Predict Treatment Outcomes For Aberrant Behavior., Henry Stanley Roane
Using A Behavioral Economic Assessment To Evaluate Stimulus Preferences And To Predict Treatment Outcomes For Aberrant Behavior., Henry Stanley Roane
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Problem behavior (e.g., self-injury, aggression, and disruption) may impede the development of many individuals with disabilities. These behaviors may occur for many reasons (Iwata et al., 1994). Most problem behaviors are controlled by social stimuli; however, for some individuals, problem behavior occurs independent of the social environment (i.e., by automatic reinforcement). That is, an individual may engage in these behaviors regardless of what is occurring around them. Presumably the behavior persists because the behavior produces (or alleviates) some type of stimulation. As such, the reinforcer for the behavior can not be controlled directly, making behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement difficult …
The Relationship Of Daily Stress And Health In Adolescents: Development Of The Daily Stress Inventory For Adolescents (Dsi -A)., John Michael Huete
The Relationship Of Daily Stress And Health In Adolescents: Development Of The Daily Stress Inventory For Adolescents (Dsi -A)., John Michael Huete
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Daily stress has been documented to play a significant role in symptom exacerbation of chronic illnesses in adults, such as coronary heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and chronic headaches. Mediating daily stress may be effective in not only decreasing problem symptoms in chronic illness, but also decreasing unnecessary and costly primary and tertiary health care services. While the effects of daily stress have been well researched and documented with adult populations, adolescent populations have been afforded only minimal research attention. Given that the period of adolescence is a time when persons are first experiencing the stresses of adult life, understanding the …
The Role Of Major And Minor Stressors In Moderating The Transtheoretical Model Of Exercise Behavior Among Predominantly Low -Income Patients Attending Primary Care Clinics., Shawn Kahlil Jeffries
The Role Of Major And Minor Stressors In Moderating The Transtheoretical Model Of Exercise Behavior Among Predominantly Low -Income Patients Attending Primary Care Clinics., Shawn Kahlil Jeffries
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A sedentary lifestyle is prevalent in the United States and is associated with poor health outcomes (Blair et al., 1989). While regular exercise has been shown to have numerous physical and mental health benefits, much of the population does not perform physical activity at a level necessary to achieve significant health benefits. Primary care settings have become increasingly targeted areas for physician-based exercise counseling. One popular theoretical model of exercise adoption is the transtheoretical model of exercise behavior (Prochaska & Marcus, 1994) which proposes that individuals progress through stages of exercise behavior. Researchers have explored constructs affecting movement through the …
Validation Of A Screening Instrument For Exposure To Violence In Children: The Kid -Save., Anise Lavaun Flowers
Validation Of A Screening Instrument For Exposure To Violence In Children: The Kid -Save., Anise Lavaun Flowers
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Children in the United States have an increasing rate of exposure to chronic community violence. Research on children exposed to community, domestic, and war-related violence has demonstrated the traumatic effects of violence on children. The KID-SAVE was developed as an empirically-based self-report measure of violence exposure for children in grades three through seven. During an initial development study, the KID-SAVE demonstrated excellent reliability and preliminary construct validity data. The purpose of the present study was to provide further validity data on the KID-SAVE. A sample of 188 children (96 boys and 92 girls) and their parents participated in the study. …
Traumatic Life Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Health Outcomes In A Low -Income, Primary Care Population., Bradford West Applegate
Traumatic Life Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Health Outcomes In A Low -Income, Primary Care Population., Bradford West Applegate
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Research suggests that individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have significant dysregulation in a number of physiological indices, especially the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Biological theories of PTSD propose that prolonged SNS and HPA axis dysregulation places individuals with PTSD at risk for development of medical morbidity and impairments in health status. The present study examined the following research questions: (a) what is the prevalence of traumatic life events and PTSD in a low-income primary care population? (b) does PTSD predict impairments in self-reported health status after controlling for age, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and obesity? …
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And The Avoidance Of Responsibility: An Evaluation Of Parents' Attributions And Their Relation To Treatment Acceptability., Urdur Njardvik
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The study examined attributions of responsibility, stability, and controllability of parents of children with or without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The relationship between attributions and acceptability of commonly used behavioral treatments also was examined. Participants were recruited from a hospital based outpatient clinic that mainly serves indigent families. The sample consisted of 50 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 parents of children without the diagnosis, who served as a comparison group. Assessment measures included an adapted version of the Powell Avoidance of Responsibility Scale (Powell & Rosen, 1999), the Conner's Parent Rating Scale (Conners, 1997), and the …
Development Of An Instrument For Predicting Success Of Persons In Real Estate Sales Careers., Carmel O. Streater
Development Of An Instrument For Predicting Success Of Persons In Real Estate Sales Careers., Carmel O. Streater
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of this research was to develop a biodata instrument that would validly predict individuals with zero or non-zero sales production in real estate sales careers. Correlational and factorial procedures were used to develop keys for the biodata instrument. A logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the ability of the instrument to correctly predict the dichotomous forms of the dependent variables. Follow-up data on sales production was gathered at three and six months after the biodata instrument was administered. Subjects were real estate salespersons enrolled in entrylevel training classes across the country. Dependent variables in this study were …
The Effect Of Antecedent And Consequent Strategies On Increasing Student Homework Compliance And Academic Achievement., Donna Marie Gilbertson
The Effect Of Antecedent And Consequent Strategies On Increasing Student Homework Compliance And Academic Achievement., Donna Marie Gilbertson
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of homework and alternatives to homework on student math completion, accuracy and fluency for low socioeconomic students. To examine possible causes of homework problems as well as the effect of different treatments on math fluency, this study used an idiographic protocol to systematically examine the effects of antecedent and consequential strategies on different types of homework performance problems through several phases. First, a brief experimental analysis was conducted for each student to identify whether poor homework performance was due to a swill deficit or a performance deficit. Next, an …
Prospective Memory: Contributions Of Age, Individual Differences, And Metamemory., Celinda M. Reese
Prospective Memory: Contributions Of Age, Individual Differences, And Metamemory., Celinda M. Reese
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The influence of age, ability, monitoring, and metamemory on event-based prospective memory was examined using an adapted version of G. O. Einstein and M. A. McDaniel's (1990) task. Two samples of younger and older adults who differed in educational attainment and verbal ability were compared. Contrary to previous research (Cherry & LeCompte, 1999), the age/ability groups did not differ on prospective memory performance. On-line monitoring ratings were not related to prospective memory but posttest monitoring ratings were. Age differences in reports of task-irrelevant thoughts emerged from the on-line monitoring data. Although age and ability group differences on self-reports of memory …
A Novel Experimental Approach To The Explication Of Information Processing Differences Between High And Low Anxious Individuals., Gina M. Manguno-Mire
A Novel Experimental Approach To The Explication Of Information Processing Differences Between High And Low Anxious Individuals., Gina M. Manguno-Mire
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The information processing perspective of cognition and emotion has been a fruitful area of research inquiry in recent years. As a result of this recent spate of interest, emotional processing biases in anxiety have been consistently demonstrated, indicating that anxious individuals possess a processing priority for threatening information. This study is an attempt to further examine the processing biases which characterize anxious and nonanxious individuals. Pilot work was conducted to investigate the utility of a novel approach, the affective categorization task, to examine the affective meaning of lexical stimuli. Pilot research using the affective categorization task with socially anxious individuals …
Locus Of Control, Religious Values, Work Values And Social Policy Choices., Carolyn Kasprzak Falkowski
Locus Of Control, Religious Values, Work Values And Social Policy Choices., Carolyn Kasprzak Falkowski
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Individuals' religious beliefs were examined in terms of their effect on one's positions on various social issues. Beliefs regarding salvation were chosen as beliefs central to a Christian faith. Locus of control and Protestant work ethic were included as related concepts. A sample of Christian (primarily Protestant) seminary students was selected in this study in order to include individuals who are more likely to have actively considered both their theology and their beliefs on social policies. Most of the seminarians expressed a significantly internal locus of control and some acceptance of the concepts included in the Protestant work ethic. Most …
Individualized Levels Treatment Packages For Severe Problem Behaviors In Persons With Developmental Disabilities., Karena Suzanne Rush
Individualized Levels Treatment Packages For Severe Problem Behaviors In Persons With Developmental Disabilities., Karena Suzanne Rush
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Levels treatment packages are widely used across many populations and settings. Most packages involve standardized procedures implemented across multiple participants. The current investigation examined the treatment efficacy of individualized levels treatment packages based on the results of functional analyses and systematic preference assessments. Three individuals with developmental disabilities participated in the study. Destructive behaviors for each participant were maintained by positive reinforcement. For one participant, destructive behaviors were maintained by negative reinforcement as well. The levels treatment packages consisted of two or three levels in which the density of attention and access to preferred materials were altered based on the …
Extending The Revelation Effect To Faces: Haven't We Met Before?, Jeffrey Roy Wilson
Extending The Revelation Effect To Faces: Haven't We Met Before?, Jeffrey Roy Wilson
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The revelation effect is an episodic memory phenomenon where participants are more likely to report that they recognize an item when it has been revealed in some way than when it has not. Although this effect is robust with respect to words, it has not been demonstrated with faces. The present series of experiments examined whether a revelation effect could be produced in face recognition memory. A revelation effect was found in 2 of 3 experiments using only faces for stimuli. Surprisingly, an anti-revelation effect was found in Experiment 4 when words were revealed before face recognition. The findings are …
Coping Strategies And Effectiveness Among Low -Income, Primary Care Patients With Anxiety Disorders., Daniel J. Mehan Jr
Coping Strategies And Effectiveness Among Low -Income, Primary Care Patients With Anxiety Disorders., Daniel J. Mehan Jr
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study examined the patterns and effectiveness of coping strategies utilized by individuals in a low-income, primary care environment. Documented relationships among coping strategies and the characteristics of this population suggest that the population should be marked by high levels of emotion-focused coping and low levels of problem-focused coping relative to the normal population. Descriptive statistics confirmed high levels of emotion-focused coping but failed to demonstrate low levels of problem-focused coping within the study sample. The influence of control (actual and perceived) on the patterns and effectiveness of coping strategies was also studied. Regression analyses indicated that, in the low-control …
Attentional And Judgement Biases Associated With Body Weight Preoccupation In Children And Adolescents., Stephanie Lynn Muller
Attentional And Judgement Biases Associated With Body Weight Preoccupation In Children And Adolescents., Stephanie Lynn Muller
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Most cognitive behavioral theories of the eating disorders emphasize the influences of beliefs and attitudes related to body weight and shape on the development and maintenance of pathological eating and weight control behaviors. Recent research has found support for the theories and specifically for the presence of attentional, judgement, and memory biases in individuals diagnosed with eating disorders as well as women who are preoccupied with body weight (Williamson, Muller, Reas, & Thaw, 1999). This research has focused almost without exception on adult populations. However, eating disorders as well as preoccupation with body size and shape have increased in preadolescent …
The Debiasing Of Judgmental Errors Associated With Anxiety., Bret Gavin Bentz
The Debiasing Of Judgmental Errors Associated With Anxiety., Bret Gavin Bentz
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
It was the goal of the current study to investigate one debiasing technique and its ability to reduce judgmental errors. In addition, a rival hypothesis of demand characteristics was examined as a possible explanation of any findings of the reduction of judgmental errors. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or a debiasing group and asked to rate the likelihood of several hypothetical events in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (Gender x Anxiety Group x Treatment Group x Repeated Measure) repeated measures experimental design. Level of anxiety responsiveness was measured to arrange subjects into a …
Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On Women's Self -Report Of Pain Information Following Colposcopy., Jodie Rabalais Guth
Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On Women's Self -Report Of Pain Information Following Colposcopy., Jodie Rabalais Guth
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study examined the effects of suggestive questioning on women's retrospective ratings of pain and anxiety experienced during colposcopy. The wording of questions was varied between participants (Pain Suggesting, Pain Denying, or No Suggestion). Number of recall sessions was also varied between participants in that some participants completed two ratings (Immediate and Delayed Recall) while others completed only one rating (Delayed Recall). Trait anxiety, pain severity at the time of the memory task, and medical procedure (whether or not the patient underwent a biopsy) were included in the analyses as covariates. Ratings of sensory and affective pain severity as well …