Digital Commons Network^™

Postcard Commemorating 70th Anniversary Of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: reproduction of postcard sent in 1941 with large commemorative postage stamp at bottom left; Back: Black postcard lines with ‘JSR 6/16’ at bottom left.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Image of censored postcard from Warsaw Ghetto with ”Warschau Judenrat” red stamp, sent by R. Rubenlicht in 1941. Israeli stamp with image of Pawel Frenkel, one of the heroes of the Jewish resistance in the Ghetto killed in June 1943.

Polish Stamp Commemorating The Liberation Of Lodz

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with blue illustration of smokestacks. Titled, "Poczta Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish stamp commemorating the liberation of Lodz in 1945.

Polish Stamp Commemorating The Liberation Of Warsaw

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with red illustration of a man holding a flag and a woman. Titled, "Poczta Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish stamp commemorating the liberation of Warsaw in 1945.

Polish Stamp Commemorating The Liberation Of Lodz

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with illustration of a monument with a statue of a man on top. Titled, "Poczta Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish stamp commemorating the liberation of Lodz in 1945.

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines with handwritten address to S. Hirowska and return address from S. Hajskopf with message written in ink. Message has red markings over it.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard addressed to S. Hirowska in Warsaw, return address from S. Hajskopf in Lidzmannstadt Ghetto with message written in ink. Postcard returned unsent. The notations "unclean", "Yiddish and Jewish language forbidden" and "Returned" were applied by German censor. Return address: S. Hajskopf, Litzmannstadt Ghetto , "Litzmannstadt Ghetto, Dec 25. Translation: "Dear Aunt, Uncle, and Emek, Grandmother and I received your card and it made …

Jewish Terror In Warsaw

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A black and white photograph of Jewish men in heavy jackets being escorted by the military.Back: Several hand stamps and various writing. Includes source as International New Photo

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: News wire photo of Jews in Warsaw Ghetto. Verso: "Jewish terror in Warsaw" and "Jews in Warsaw" with a date stamp of November 7, 1941. The Warsaw Ghetto had been the largest ghetto in occupied Poland in the General Government with more than 400,000 residents. While there is no further information on this photo, these men are possibly being marched to a work camp. Deportations …

Irena Sendler [Sendlerova] Autograph

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White card with printed photograph of an older woman in black sitting and looking at the camera. A chest with teacups and photos resting on top of it is behind her. Beneath the photograph is an autograph in blue ink.Back: Pencil writing on top.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Irena Sendler (Sendlerova), also known as Jolanta, was a Polish Roman Catholic nurse/social worker who worked in the Polish Underground during World War II. She was the head of the children's section of Zegota in German-occupied Warsaw. She was able, with the help of other members of Zegota, to …

Photo Card Of Iconic Image Of Captured Residents Of Warsaw Ghetto With Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Image: Men, women and children with their hands raised while armed, uniformed men look on; Text at right “Special Presentation Folder, designed & autographed by IGAL GABAY, designer of stamp”, 95/180.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Iconic photo of captured residents of the Warsaw Ghetto on a card along with Israeli stamp from 2003 commemorating 50th anniversary of Yad Vashem in memory of the victims of the Holocaust, and the heroism of the ghetto warriors who resisted the Nazis. Signed by stamp designer, Igal Gabay.

50th Anniversary Of The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope with blue illustration of a synagogue. Titled, "50 Rocznica Powstania Żydów w Getcie Warszawskim."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Poland first day release envelope from the 50th anniversary of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

First Day Cover: Israeli Commemorating 40 Years Since The Defeat Of Nazi Germany And Itzhak And Zivia (Lubetkin) Zuckerman

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope with grey stamp showing two faces. Titled, "1945-1985: 40 Years Since the Defeat of Nazi Germany" in English and Hebrew.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Israeli First Day Cover commemorating Itzhak and Zivia (Lubetkin) Zuckerman, heroes and survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto.

Holocaust And Resistance Commemorative Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope. Left side is titled, "Holocaust & Resistance" in Hebrew and English and has a pink illustration of a "Destroyed Synagogue at Ghetto Warsaw." Right side has a large black stamp showing ruins.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Envelope issued in Israel in 1983 on the 40th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising to commemorate Jewish resistance in the ghettos and the underground movements of occupied Europe. Pictured are Mordecai Anilewicz, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Uprising, and Yosef Glazman of Lithuania, organizer of the PPA in the Vilna Ghetto. The middle stamp reads "for the …

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamps on serated paper. One depicts a gun by a brick wall. The other shows people standing together and is titled, "Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Poland 40th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising monument by Natan Rappaport.

Creation Of The Israeli State Commemorative Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan envelope with text in Hebrew, German and English. Includes an illustration of the Star of David. Titled, "Resolution of the General Assembly of the UNO to Establish a Jewish State in Palestine."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Israeli Provisional cover used during interim period between the end of the British mandate and beginning of Jewish state with postmark of Ramat Gan on the JNF stamp/label honoring the Warsaw Ghetto fighters and first stamps of Israel, the Doar Ivri, postmarked in Tel Aviv with date 1 May 1949. The UN General Assembly had resolved to recognize the establishment of …

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with an illustration of a man and woman holding guns. Titled, "Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Poland issued this stamp to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19, 1943.

Interim Cover With Label Commemorating Jewish Resistance In Warsaw Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope with blue stamp depicting man with gun in top right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Interim cover with black Tel Aviv postmark on a JNF label (1946) with red overprint “Doar” or “Post” commemorating the April, 1943 act of Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto to thwart the final effort of the Nazis to transport the remaining ghetto population to the death camps. The stamp contains the text ‘Revolt of the Warsaw Ghetto 19 April 1943 - 14 Nissan 5713’.

Refugee Sisters Find New Home

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: An image of two refugee sisters, Hela and Ester Feld. Verso: A stamped date and handwritten information about the image.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

AP Wirephoto with information recto: "A NEW WORLD--Orphaned sisters Hela, 11, and Ester Feld, 14, beam with joy as they start on the first stage of their journey from an IRO-administered center at Aglasterhausen, Germany, to their new home in Toronto, Canada. The Polish-born Jewish orphans fled with their parents to Russia when the Germans invaded Warsaw. The parents died in 1942. The children are enroute to the home of a Mrs. Rotman …

Envelope From The United National Relief And Rehabilitation Administration Sent From Apo 742 (Germany)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Brown envelope with typewritten address to the American Joint Distribution Committee with return address and writing on back flap.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: AJDC c/o U.S. Embassy that used APO located in Germany.

Ruins Of Warsaw Ghetto: Wirephoto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A photo of a church standing amongst the ruins of a town. Includes typewritten information on the left side.Back: Several pasted newspaper clips.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

AP Wirephoto of Catholic Church rising above the ashes of the former Warsaw ghetto. Catholic Church left standing in this 1945 photo of Warsaw ghetto where 20,000 Polish Jews lost their lives in uprising against Nazis in 1943. In 1940, more than 400,000 Jews had been herded inside its walled-off confines.

Verso: Thirty years later the Polish government conducted a ceremony to those who perished at a monument in the …

Letter From Jurgen Stroop

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten letter on "Der Höhere SS-Und Polizeiführer" stationery. Includes signature in black.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Stroop was the SS Police Leader of Warsaw who was responsible for the savage crushing of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943 about which he wrote a book - intended as a souvenir for Himmler - originally entitled “The Warsaw Ghetto is no more.” It took Stroop and his army a month of overwhelming firepower to subdue the ghetto fighters who had little in the way of food or ordnance. Indeed, Stroop grudgingly acknowledged surprise at the fighting spirit of the ghetto …

"A Tale Of A City" Magazine About Warsaw

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Magazine with black square on cover. Titled, "Tale of a City." Includes information about Warsaw.

Warsaw Ghetto Scrip

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Four pieces of scrip. Each are printed in blue on tan paper. Includes larger notes worth 25 and 50, and smaller notes worth 10 and 15. Each has designs that include a Star of David.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Once they were deported to the ghettos or concentration camps, prisoners in some camps would be issued scrip (pieces of essentially useless pieces of paper that had no value outside the particular facility) by the Nazis in exchange for their confiscated valuable currency. Ghettos or camps could have their own distinctive scrip and coins, often with many different issues. …

Postcard From Opatow

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with writing in black cursive ink. Includes a note on bottom left corner. Back: Printed purple postcard lines with writing in black cursive ink. Includes purple and black hand stamps, and a printed purple stamp in upper right showing a piazza with a statue.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: General Gouvernement 12 pfg postcard cancelled 10/6/1942. Boxed violet cachet "JUDENRAT OPATOW Postabteilung 2." Opatow was in the Kielce District of Poland. Jews had been living in this area since the 16th century. Occupied in 1939 by the Germans, a Judenrat was set up in early 1941, …

Postcard From Przemysl Ghetto To Alfred Schwarzbaum In Switzerland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with writing in black cursive ink. Back: Black printed postcard lines and text with writing in black and blue ink. Includes red, blue and black hand stamps, as well as some damage from a paperclip on the upper left, and several pencil markings on bottom right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Censored card missing stamp to Alfred Schwarzbaum in Lausanne bearing "EINGELIEFERT AM SCHALTER." Card written May 18, 1942. The Jewish community in Przemysl dates to the 10th century. By 1931, there were over 17,000 Jews living in this town in the Warsaw District of Poland. …

Postcard From Warsaw, Poland, Sent Undercover To Lisbon, Portugal

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A white postcard with black printed postcard lines and typewritten address. Includes a pink pasted stamp of Adolf Hitler, as well as several red, purple and black hand stamps.Back: Typewritten message with signature in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Communicating between enemy-occupied territories and allied nations was made extremely difficult during World War II. Any communication with enemy countries was expressly forbidden by Germany in 1940 and could be labeled high treason, resulting in the death penalty. Yet friends and family were desperate to maintain contact with one another. Similarly, Jewish organizations, resistance groups and governments-in-exile …

Postcard From Warsaw Ghetto To The Ussr

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard with message written in Polish. Includes purple printed postcard lines.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A postcard from the Warsaw Ghetto addressed to Bobrojsk, USSR. A 30GR General Government postcard from mother named A. Zak to her children; written in Polish and has boxed red 'Judenrat Warschau' Jewish censor mark at upper left. Translation: "Dear children your packages, letters & cards received here, thanks.... We try to reply weekly, hope you are receiving our mail... Please write often, you are our sole source for news... We are well, but could be better... We have just met Mania, Avram …

Undercover Postcard Sent To Villa Hortensia, Lausanne, Switzerland, From Warsaw

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White postcard with black printed postcard lines and writing in black ink. Includes brown and red postage stamps as well as one purple and several black hand stamps.Back: Message written in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Censored in Munich. Used Deutsche Post Osten overprints on Hindenburg stamps. Communicating between enemy-occupied territories and allied nations was extremely difficult during World War II. Yet friends and family were desperate to maintain contact with one another. Organizations, resistance groups and governments-in-exile would also utilize undercover addresses in neutral countries like Switzerland or Portugal, thus not indicating the true destination …

Fragebogen, Or Questionnaire Asking For Ancestry And Profession For Jew, Stamped With “Jude”

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan document with title, "Fragebogen zur erstmaligen Meldung der Heilberufe." Includes a black and white photograph of a balding man in a suit, a purple "JUDE" stamp, as well as three pages of printed and typewritten text.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: The Fragebogen stamped “Jude” in purple was required documentation by the Nazis in advance of other actions to be taken upon Jews individually or collectively.

Warsaw, Poland Group Photograph

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Group photo. Appears to be a compilation of several different photos. Verso: Handwriting in blue and black; '1928'.