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Envelope From Krakow Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Green envelope with typewritten address. Includes several purple and black hand stamps, some writing in pencil, and a pasted brown stamp depicting a buildling in upper right corner.Back: Address written in black cursive ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Envelope franked General Government 6 pfg. tied Krakow cds, from Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna (Jewish Self-Help Society) in Krakow Ghetto to Rada Zydowska (Jewish Aid Society) in Wadlew, Poland. One of the five major metropolitan ghettos in the General Government territory created by the Nazis, Krakow was surrounded by barbed wire and brick walls shaped as tombstones. 18,000 Jews were …

Postcard From Rzeszow, Lvov District, Poland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan paper with black printed text and dotted lines, filled in with blue cursive ink. Includes purple and black hand stamps on the top, and a long red line through the card.

Back: Printed black postcard lines and address. Includes blue writing on lefthand side, as well as purple, black and red hand stamps, a purple pasted stamp of Hitler in profile on top right, and pencil markings on the bottom of the page.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

RELICO card to Geneva, General Gouvernement 30 pfg tied Rzeszow cds, bearing small boxed Judenrat Reichshof along with Nazi …

Krakow Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard marked "POSTKARTE" in purple, vertical line in center of postcard, purple postage stamp of Adolf Hitler in top right corner, "KRAKAU" stamped in black ink over postage stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Rare postcard from a physician in the ghetto established in Krakow, Poland with “JUDENRAT KRAKOW” stamp. Krakow had been a thriving center of Jewish life and learning since the Middle Ages. More than 68,000 Jews were living there when the Germans occupied it in September 1939. Under the orders of Hans Frank, the Governor of the occupied territories, most of the Jews of Krakow were …

Letter From Fritz Katzmann (1906-1957)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan paper with "Higher SS and Police Leader" letterhead in upper left corner, and typewritten message. Includes additional writing in pencil, as well as blue and red crayon, and date stamp in green.Back: Continuation of typewritten message, and signature in blue from Fritz Katzmann with his name printed in pencil beneath.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Typed letter signed by Katzmann on "Higher SS and Police Leader" letterhead. Danzig, January 3, 1943. Sent to Maximilian von Herff, Chief of SS Personnel Main Office. Katzmann reports on an SS-Standartfuhrer named Alfons Graf regarding the latter's promotion. Katzmann was an …

Postcard From Opole

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with message written in black cursive ink. Includes some damage on upper right corner. Back: Printed black postcard lines with writing in black cursive ink. Includes a blue Judenrat and black circular hand stamps, a pasted green stamp depicting a piazza and statue on the upper right corner, and several markings in purple pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard franked General Gouvernement 12 pfg tied Opole 12/2/1942 cds, with circular "POSTVERMITTLUNGS STELLE JUDENRAT OPOLE (LUBLIN) 12/11/1942." Written in German, the postcard was sent to a family member in Vienna. Opole was in the Lublin district …

Postcards From Lublin Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan card with typewritten message, black signature, and red stamp.Back: Printed red postcard lines with embelisshed border. Includes red, purple, pink, green and black hand stamps, and typewritten information.Front: Initally stapled to the first postcard. Red stamp in bottom left corner.Back: Printed red postcard lines with embellished border. Typewritten information.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Censored Slovakian reply card showing violet GENERAL GOUVERNEMENT JUDENRAT LUBLIN and red Lagerpost Gepruft (checked) Reply portion still attached and unused. Joseph Bonisch is trying to reach his parents and states that “We are very worried because we know nothing of you.” Red …

Postcard From Kamionka Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with writing in black cursive ink, an ink blot on the top, and a red smudge on the bottom.Back: Printed purple postcard lines with writing in black cursive ink. Includes a printed purple stamp in upper right corner depicting a piazza with a green pasted stamp next to it depicting a church, as well as red, purple, green and black hand stamps, and a red hand stamp down the length of the left side.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

General Gouvernment postal stationery card with additional 20 pfg. stamp from Matilda Neuman to Dr. Ernest Fleischaker …

Postcard From Przemysl Ghetto To Alfred Schwarzbaum In Switzerland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with writing in black cursive ink. Back: Black printed postcard lines and text with writing in black and blue ink. Includes red, blue and black hand stamps, as well as some damage from a paperclip on the upper left, and several pencil markings on bottom right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Censored card missing stamp to Alfred Schwarzbaum in Lausanne bearing "EINGELIEFERT AM SCHALTER." Card written May 18, 1942. The Jewish community in Przemysl dates to the 10th century. By 1931, there were over 17,000 Jews living in this town in the Warsaw District of Poland. …

Postcard From Izbica Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan card with writing in black cursive ink.Back: Black printed postcard lines with writing in black cursive. Includes a purple pasted stamp depicting a building, a black and purple hand stamps, and a long red stamp across the left side.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard sent by Selme Greenbaum in Izbica to Helene Schloss in Goteborg, Sweden. "JUDENRAT IZBICA" in violet, message in German and red Nazi censor markings alongside. Izbica is a town in the Lublin district in Poland. The first Jewish families settled in the late 18th century and soon comprised over 90 percent of …

Modliborzyce Ghetto In Lublin District Postcard From Judenrat To Relico

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with black printed text and dotted lines, filled in with blue cursive ink. Includes a long red line through the card, and other red text, as well as numerical and date hand stamps. Back: Black printed postcard lines and address. Includes long red hand stamp across top of card, purple and black hand stamps, pasted purple stamp of a church on upper right, and several pencil markings.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Censored "RELICO" card from Frieda Gold of the ghetto at Modliborzyce with the cachet of the JUDENRAT in violet to the RELICO Committee acknowledging …

Tarnow Ghetto Personal Identity Form

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten, tan document filled in with blue ink. Signature in black at bottom, and purple circular hand stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Personal identity document from the Judenrat in Tarnow with violet "Der Judenrat/Tarnow" cachet. Tarnow is a city in southern Poland, 45 miles east of Krakow. Prior to WWII more than half the population of Tarnow was Jewish. With the occupation on September 8, 1939, Jews were harassed, synagogues were burned, and in early November a Judenrat was established. Jews were taken for slave labor, producing goods for the German war industry, homes were evacuated, and valuables …

Envelope From Krosno Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Blue envelope with typewritten address. Includes three pasted stamps on left side: two identical red stamps depicting a castle and an orange stamp depicting men in robes with a black Nazi eagle printed over it. Each has a black circular hand stamp over it. Also includes a purple circular hand stamp on bottom left.Back: Includes white censorship tape with alternating purple text and circular hand stamp, as well as a black hand stamp that runs the length of the bottom, as well as several small, purple hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

General Government franking tied to …