Digital Commons Network^™

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Addressed in blue ink to "An der Aeldesten der Juden in Litzmannstadt" [The Eldest of the Jews in Litzmannstadt] from Willi Kuperberg. Includes a message written in blue ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A forced laborer from Camp Granew requests a change of payee for money sent to someone in Litzmannstadt. Translation: "To the oldest Jew in Litzmannstadt. I am the underground construction worker Willi Kuperberg. I wrote a postcard on 26 Dec 1941, requesting that Mrs. Jochovich be paid; but I am sorry that I have to hold it back. …

Cover From D. Siegelbaum In Dabrowa Ghetto To A Relative In Hungary

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Envelope with blue postage stamp of Hitler in top right corner, "271082" stamped in green in bottom right corner, addressed to "Siegelbaum" on front and back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Dabrowa Górnicza was occupied by the German army in early September 1939. All Jews living there - approximately 5,000 - were gathered into the Judische Kultusgemeinde (Jewish Community) prior to the establishment of the Dabrowa ghetto the following year. A Judenrat was established, and many of the Jewish businesses were aryanized. Young Jews were deployed for forced labor in Germany as well as in war-related industries. Jews not …

Christmas Postcard From Latvia, Ostland, Stende To Riga

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A tan postcard with brown printed postcard lines. Includes a green postage stamp, a black hand stamp, and pencil writing.Back: A photograph of trees in winter with gold text reading "Priecigus ziemas svetkus!" ["Merry Christmas!"]

Envelope To Zagreb,Croatia With 'Borba' Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A white envelope with blue writing, as well as a blue postage stamp and two black hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A 1941 Croatian "Borba" stamp depicting the Legionnaires holding shields with the national emblems of Germany, Croatia, and Italy. The first Legionnaire holds a sword, symbol of the defense of Europe against Communism. The upper side of the stamp bears the inscription "Borba Udruzene Europa na lsoku" ["The struggle of a United Europe in the East"].

Postcard To Judenrat At Litzmannstadt (Lodz) Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Includes pencil-written address to "An Eltesten der Juden en Litzmannstadt" [The Eldest of the Jews in Litzmannstadt" from E. Finkelstein. Includes green tape and a message written in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A Jew working at a labor camp (Reppen) sends certified card to the Judenrat to request that his paycheck be sent to F. Morozrecka. The red ink handstamp states "free of additional charge." Postmarked Reppen. Frankfurt. "... E. Finkelstein requests that his paycheck be sent to Fela Morozrecka, Frany st. 38." The blue stamp affixed could mean registration …

Postcard From Litzmannstadt (Lodz) Ghetto With Rejection Stamp: Writer’S Descriptions Too Explicit

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Addressed to Anni Tinter from Anna Sara Oppenheim. Includes message written in black ink with several red censor markings.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A postcard to the Welfare Office in Vienna from an elderly German Jew residing in an old age home. Red rejection stamp "Deutlichh Scheren" translates as "too distinct writing." Contents too explicit in describing ghetto's crowded conditions, scarcity and expense of food, and in requesting money. Return address: Anna Sara Oppenheim. Marschin II (old age home in the ghetto). Ghetto Litzmannstadt Address: Miss Ammi Tintner, Welfare office - …

Kenyon Collegian - December 12, 1941

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kl Mauthausen To Bohemia-Moravia Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front has three sections; left has printed information under the title 'Konzentrationslager Mauthausen'; middle contains senders information including block [3], stube [2]; right is handwritten address.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Mauthausen concentration camp near Linz, Austria specialized in the extermination of prisoners through work. Of the 200,000 men, women and children prisoners sent here, over 120,000 perished through overwork, torture and neglect. Following the Dachau model created by Eicke, prisoners were mistreated, beaten and starved, and unique to Mauthausen, were forced to ascend the so-called "stairway of death,” 186 steps from the base of the camp's granite quarry …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Includes message written in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Litzmannstadt prisoner postcard from Manfred Israel Bing to the Welfare Department Transport Dusseldorf-Rhein. Retired lieutenant of the Reserve. Regarding: "Transferring my social security for the month of November and December 1941. I am very much in need of it since I am not able to work. This was substantiated by the agency at (?) and certainly the case is the same here. I was severely wounded during the war. I beg you to prove my worthiness and help me. Manfred Israel …

Kenyon Collegian - December 5, 1941

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Official Document With W. Filderman Handwritten Initials Regarding Property Documents

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Half page with short message typewritten in Romanian.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A note regarding all the judicial requirements and property documents for the Jewish organizations to combat the requisitions of their houses and religious temples.

[Related item: 2012.1.71]

Official Document With W. Filderman Signature Stamp Regarding Property Documents

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten document on onionskin paper in Romanian.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A note regarding all the judicial requirements and property documents for the Jewish organizations to combat the requisitions of their houses and religious temples.

[Related item: 2012.1.70]

"Sara" Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A greyish envelope with a handwritten address to Mr. and Mrs. P.M. Goldsmith-Krilb. Includes writing in red pencil over the address. Back flap includes a return address to Betty Sara Saalberg and censor tape.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A law enacted August 17, 1938 required Jews with non-Jewish forenames to assume the name "Sara" if a woman and "Israel" if a man. This law became effective January 1, 1939. These names were to be used on all correspondence -- private or official -- including return addresses on mail. This "Sara" envelope was sent to the United States just …

Hika - December 1941

HIKA Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Feldpost Envelope From Member Of Ss Polizei Einsaztkommando Burger

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Addressed in blue ink to Frau Elsie Kitahofer. One red stamp with Hitler's profile facing left in right corner with black circular hand stamp over it. Back: Return address handwritten in blue ink on top flap.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

SS Feldpost cover from member of SS Polizei Einsaztkommando Bürger, an anti-partisan unit operating in the Ukraine and subsequently in Italy. This cover is from Ungarische-Brod.

Theresienstadt Ghetto Package Receipt

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: “Einlieferungsschen” in bold black near top, postage stamp at bottom adhered sideways; Back: “Beathlenswerle Regeln” in bold at top.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Receipt for package sent from Vienna to an inmate of the Theresienstadt/Terezin Ghetto/Concentration camp. Dr. Gertrude Scheuer was sent to Auschwitz on January 29, 1943 where she subsequently perished. This was unknowingly sent after she had already been transported and died.

Kenyon Collegian - November 28, 1941

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Official Document With W. Filderman Signature Stamp Regarding Jewish Work Requirements

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten documents on onionskin paper in Romanian.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Subsequent to General Headquarter Order No. 55874 Nov. 20, 1941, the Federation of Jewish Communities Unions in Romania informs all Jewish organizations how to proceed after the end of the "National Labour Activities," in which Jewish qualified workers are forced to integrate. It includes rules about what is allowed and what isn't allowed: "The Jews must be present on the State Work Department from every District, every month. They must not travel out of the District limits. They must inform the Internal Ministry authorities about their presence …

Document From J.L. Lentz, Head Of Population Registration Office In The Hague, Regarding Categories For Jews

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

typewritten and stamped official document dated November 22, 1941.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Controversial Dutch civil servant J. L. Lentz was the consummate perfectionistic bureaucrat, working tirelessly as head of the Population Registration Office in The Hague to please his Nazi overlords in the effort to develop and redefine a population registration system, along with an identity card, which would effectively cover the entire population of the Netherlands. The German occupation authorities under Austrian Nazi Arthur Seyss-Inquart, adapted Lentz’s detailed work to create a central register of Jews with links between the central register and the municipal registration …

Official Document With W. Filderman Signature Stamp Regarding Official Dispositions From War Department

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten documents on onionskin paper in Romanian.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Note from November 1941 regarding the Official Dispositions from War Department for requisition of all Synagogues, Temples, Association Houses. There will be a so-called "Real Estate Census" between 1942 and 1946.

"Sara" Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Blueish envelope with handwritten address to Miss Edith Bell with return address to Sara Bell on back flap.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A law enacted August 17, 1938 required Jews with non-Jewish forenames to assume the name "Sara" if a woman and "Israel" if a man. This law became effective January 1, 1939. These names were to be used on all correspondence -- private or official -- including return addresses on mail. This is a "Sara" envelope sent from Vienna to Kew Gardens, Long Island, New York.

Robert Bittner Attestation Document

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan document with title, "Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei." Includes printed and typewritten information.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

German National Socialist Workers Party (NSDAP) document attesting to a Robert Bittner being a party member as well as a member of the SA or Sturmabteilung. It further attests that there are no doubts that Bittner will continue to support the movement of Adolf Hitler. This document was signed by Kreisamtsleiter Fliegner.

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Addressed in pencil to Saul Ettenger from L Davidson. Includes message written in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard to Mr. Saul Ettenger. Krakow - Wenger Str. 10-15 from L. Davidson.Litzmannstadt. Translation: "Dear ones -- I am now here and would like to have some information from you. For the last three weeks I have been without any information from Helene and also from Leo and family. I arrived here three weeks ago and wrote at once to Hujare. I am here without money and he should go at once to …

Kenyon Collegian - November 14, 1941

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Announcement Of Lvov (Lemberg) Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan broadside titled, "Aufruf." Includes text in German.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Dr. Abraham Rothfeld, who wrote and signed this announcement, was the head of the Judenrat, or Jewish council, taking the place of Dr. Joseph Parnes whom the Nazis killed because of his refusal to submit Jews for slave labor at the Janowska labor camp. Lvov had the third largest Jewish population in Poland on the eve of World War II. It had been absorbed into the General Government after the Non-Aggression Treaty between the USSR and Germany was signed.

A ghetto was established for Jews in …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Addressed to Alfred Ditrich from M.W. Orzegowski with message written in green ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Card sent to Breslau rejected for being unclean due to ink smear on right edge. Card not postmarked. Stamped "Zuruck" meaning return. Address is Mr. Engineer Alfred Ditrich Breslau Sadowa st 60. Note: red marking means dirty or unclear. Return address: MW Orzegowski Litzmannstadt Cranach street 26. "My dear Mr. Engineer, I feel much better and my health is improved. Maybe it will be possible for me to stay in bed at home for …

Postcard From Kolomea Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with writing in blue cursive ink, and several lines underlined in pencil.Back: Printed postcard lines in green with writing in blue cursive ink. Includes black, red, and purple hand stamps, damage from a paper clip on the left, and three pasted stamps in green and orange on the upper right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

General Government 12 pfg. postal stationary card with additional 8 pfg. and 10 pfg. stamps. From S. Schein in Kolomea to Alfred Schwarzbaum, a Jewish benefactor who escaped Poland and settled in Lausanne, Switzerland, showing two-line Judenrat Kolomea (German name) handstamp …

Affidavit For Stateless Refugee Adele Bertha Levy

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

‘THE UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSIONER’ is typewritten at the top center of the document, photograph is stapled at bottom left quadrant with signature spanning from paper to photo to paper.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Throughout the 1930s and World War II, the United States government under the Roosevelt Administration and other Western Nations closed their doors to Jewish refugees fleeing Europe. Jewish flight to Shanghai is well-known, a city which did not require entry visas until 1939. Less familiar is the asylum provided by the government of the Philippines to more than 1,300 Jews fleeing Nazi Germany, and …

Ss - Standaardleider And Security Police Commander Wilhelm Harster Bans Publication And Circulation Of Jewish Books

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan paper, black print, stamp in black ink at top, "203/205" written in blue in top right corner, back of letter includes three underlined rows and pink writing

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

In this memo, Wilhelm Harster has prohibited the publication and circulation of several noteworthy Jewish books including Lessing’s Nathan the Wise and Dr. H. Brugman and Dr. A. Frank’s Die Geschiedenis der Joden in Nederland (The History of the Jews in the Netherlands). Confiscation of these materials is imperative. The letter refers to measures that will be taken by the Security Police if there are violations …

Kenyon Collegian - November 7, 1941

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.