Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of Acute Caffeine Withdrawal On Exercise Performance In Habitual Caffeine Users, Timothy D. Griest

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how exercise performance is impacted by acute withdrawal from caffeine (CAF) in habitual users and if CAF ingestion will reverse the negative impact of withdrawal or have a net positive benefit. Methods: Ten recreational cyclists (age 39.1 ± 14.9 y; VO_2max 54.2 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min) who were habitual CAF consumers (394 ± 146 mg/d) completed four trials, each consisting of peak isokinetic torque testing and a 10-km time trial (TT). On each trial day, subjects consumed either 1.5 mg/kg CAF to prevent withdrawal or placebo (PLA) 8 hours before their …

The Effects Of Post-Exercise Nutrient Intake On Hydration Status And Muscle Soreness Ratings In Youth Cyclists, Allison Cadematori

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

PURPOSE:Muscle soreness levels and hydration status are important indicators of recovery from high intensity endurance exercise, and can be influenced by post-exercise nutrient intake. Chocolate milk has been reported to be an effective recovery beverage in adults, as it contains carbohydrate, protein, and water/electrolytes at levels that are appropriate for refueling, muscle repair, and rehydration. However, few studies have tested the efficacy of chocolate milk for post-exercise recovery in adolescents. METHODS:Eight competitive teenage cyclists (5 male, 3 female; 16.1 ±1.1 y; 174.0 ±10.7 cm; 138.4 ±5.6 lbs; 61.8 ±8.2 ml/kg/min) completed three experimental trials, in randomly counterbalanced order. …

Expiratory Flow Limitation In Elite Youth Cyclists, Katherine R. Smith

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) has been reported in pre-pubescent adolescents and elite, adult endurance athletes; however, the occurrence of EFL in elite adolescent endurance athletes has not been determined. Purpose: To determine incidence and severity of EFL in elite youth male cyclists of adolescent age. We hypothesized that elite, endurance trained youth will experience a higher prevalence and severity of EFL and dyspnea compared to an untrained control group. Pulmonary function will be similar pre- to post-exercise with bronchodilation occurring in both groups. Methods: 12 elite endurance- trained (ET) youth male cyclists (16.3 ± 1.0 years; 176.5 ± …

Effects Of A Carbohydrate Hydrogel Beverage On Endurance Cycling Performance And Gastrointestinal Comfort, Harrison R. Toney

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of a novel maltodextrin-fructose hydrogel (MF-H) on cycling performance and gastrointestinal distress symptoms. METHODS: Nine endurance-trained male cyclists completed three experimental trials consisting of a 98-min varied-intensity cycling protocol followed by a performance test of ten consecutive sprint intervals. In a cross-over design, subjects consumed 250 mL of a treatment beverage every 15 min of cycling. The treatments consisted of 78 g ^. hr^-1 of either a) MF-H, b) maltodextrin-fructose (MF), and c) maltodextrin only (MD) All data were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA’s. RESULTS: There were no differences in average sprint power …

Impact Of One Night Sleep Restriction On Autonomic Function And Heart Rate Variability In Recreational Cyclists, Amanda J. Becker

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Introduction: Sleep quality has been shown to influence autonomic function. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) responds to stressors by regulating key functions such as heart rate. Autonomic function can be monitored via heart rate variability (HRV). Athletes are prone to poor sleep quality due to psychological and physical stresses of training and competing. Our objective was to investigate the function of the ANS at rest and during exercise following a night of normal sleep (SLP+) and a night of restricted sleep (SLP-).

Methods: Subjects (n=9) completed a familiarization trial and two identical experimental trials under different sleep conditions: SLP- (3-hour …

Physiological And Anthropometric Profiles Of Elite Teen-Age Cyclists, David Lenzi

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Lenzi D. N., N. D. Luden, C. J. Womack, and M. J. Saunders. Physiological and anthropometric profiles of elite teen-age cyclists. Purpose: Previous research has demonstrated that maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate threshold (LT), aerobic/anaerobic power output, and several anthropometric characteristics are related to elite cycling performance in adults. These values also improve during maturation in children. However, there is little research examining how these values differ between elite teen-age cyclists and their adult counterparts. Previous literature has also reported low bone mineral density (BMD) in adult cyclists when compared to recreationally active controls. This study sought to characterize the …

Caffeine Intake Helps Maintain 3-Km Cycling Performance The Morning Following Sleep Restriction, Erin E. Horil

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Abstract

Introduction: Although a full understanding of the role of sleep is debated, it is widely accepted that sleep is important for recovery from heavy exercise. Recent research suggests that sleep restriction (SR) may negatively impact recovery and subsequent performance. It is unknown if caffeine supplementation mitigates this performance decrement. Our objective was to investigate the effect of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance following one night of SR in trained cyclists.

Methods: Subjects (n=10) completed a 3-km time trial (TT) and an exhaustive bout of exercise in the evening (EX1), then returned to repeat the TT the following …

Impact Of Pre-Exercise Feedings With A Low Or High Glycemic Index On The Ergogenic Effects Of Carbohydrate Mouth-Rinsing During Cycling, Nikolai J. Hladick

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Purpose: Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion during exercise enhances performance in short endurance events (~ 1 hr) due to neural influences, as demonstrated by the efficacy of CHO mouth-rinsing during cycling. However, the magnitude of these neural effects may be blunted following pre-exercise CHO feedings. This study examined whether the glycemic index (GI) of a pre-exercise meal affected time-trial (TT) performance in cyclists using a CHO mouth-rinse during exercise. Methods: Eight cyclists (age: 24 ± 6 yr; VO_2max: 61 ± 8 ml×kg^-1×min^-1) completed 4 exercise trials, consisting of 15 min of constant-load cycling followed by a …

Mouth Exposure To Carbohydrate Prior To Exercise Possibly Impairs The Efficacy Of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing During Exercise, Kevin Decker

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Decker K. P., M. J. Saunders, N. D. Luden, C. J. Womack, and N. J. Hladick. Mouth Exposure to Carbohydrate Prior to Exercise Possibly Impairs the Efficacy of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing during Exercise. Purpose: Carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR) during intense endurance exercise has been associated with improved cycling performance, due to neurological influences. However, prior studies have reported the efficacy of CHO-MR is attenuated following a pre-exercise meal. To determine if this outcome is related to desensitization of CHO receptors (rather than metabolic effects following digestion), this study will investigate whether CHO-MR prior to exercise influences cycling performance when CHO-MR …

The Influence Of Time-Of-Day Consumption And Training Status On The Ergogenic Properties Of Caffeine, James C. Boyett

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Purpose: The objectives were to determine the effects of time-of-day consumption and training status on the benefits of caffeine supplementation for cycling performance and peak muscle strength. METHODS: Twenty untrained and trained subjects completed four trials consisting of isokinetic peak torque testing and 3-km time trials (TT). Subjects ingested either 6 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo one hour prior to each trial. Treatments were: morning + placebo, morning + caffeine, evening + placebo, evening + caffeine. Magnitude based inferences were used to evaluate treatment differences. RESULTS: Caffeine (‘very likely’ and ‘likely’) improved 3-km TT performance in the morning and …

Effect Of Carbohydrate Intake On Pacing In Endurance Cycling, Morgan A. Price

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

PURPOSE: To study the influences of carbohydrate intake (CHO) on pacing in endurance cycling, as well as the effects of wearing metabolic headgear (HG) on power output. METHODS: Eight male endurance trained cyclists completed 120 min of constant load cycling at 55% W_max, immediately followed by a simulated 30 km time trial, on two occasions. On one occasion, subjects consumed a CHO solution at regular intervals throughout the trial, while a placebo (PL) was consumed during the other trial (in a randomly counterbalanced design). For statistical analysis, the 30 km time trial was divided into 4 segments (S1 …

Muscle Physiology And Performance During Intensified Cycle Training: Impact Of Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation, Andrew Christian D'Lugos

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Previous studies show that carbohydrate-protein (CP) ingestion can enhance short-term recovery following exercise, thereby benefiting subsequent exercise performance and compounding physiological parameters, when compared to carbohydrate (CHO) alone. Less is known about the influence that CP supplementation may have over a long-term intervention (several days/weeks). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether CP supplementation was effective in improving tolerance to a period of intensified training (IT), compared to CHO. Additionally, the influence of CP on recovery/ adaptation to a period of IT followed by a period of reduced volume training (RVT) was examined. Eight endurance-trained cyclists (age: 24.9±7.3 …

The Ergogenic Effects Of Glucose And Fructose Coingestion During Prolonged Cycling, Daniel A. Baur

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of glucose and fructose coingestion on cycling time trial performance and physiological responses to exercise. Eight trained male cyclists (age: 25 ± 6.2 yrs, height: 180.2 ± 4.3 cm, weight: 76.9 ± 9.2 kg, and VO2max: 61.9 ± 6.2 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed the study. Subjects ingested either an artificially-sweetened placebo (PL), a moderate-glucose beverage (MG: 1.0 g•min-1), a high-glucose beverage (HG: 1.5 g•min-1), or a glucose and fructose beverage (GF: 1.5 g•min-1; 2:1 ratio) during ~3 hrs of exercise; consisting of 2 hours of constant load cycling (55% Wmax, 195 ± …

Cycling Time Trial Performance Is Not Enhanced By Either Whey Protein Or L-Alanine Intake During Prolonged Exercise, Adam B. Schroer

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Previous studies have reported that adding protein (PRO) to a carbohydrate (CHO) solution can enhance endurance performance. This ergogenic effect may be a function of additional calories from supplemental protein/amino acids, but this thesis has not been directly examined. Additionally, L-alanine (ALA) is readily oxidized when provided during exercise; the impact that this has on metabolism and prolonged endurance performance is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to assess performance and various cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes during prolonged cycling, to independently gauge the efficacy of whey PRO hydrolysate and ALA supplementation. Eight trained male and female cyclists (age: 22.3±2.0 …

Drafting Effects Of The Third-Position Cyclist On The Second-Position Cyclist’S Power Output In A Three-Man Drafting Line, William Alan Norman

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a second-position cyclist benefitted, in terms of decreased power requirement, from the presence of a third-position cyclist. It was hypothesized that the second-position cyclist would experience a decrease in power requirement with the presence of a third-position cyclist compared to the absence of a third-position cyclist, and that this decreased power requirement would be magnified during the faster trials. Twelve trained cyclists served as second-position subjects. Subjects completed 12 total trials each: 2 solo trials at a moderate speed (MS), 2 solo trials at a high speed (HS), 2 MS trials …

The Independent And Combined Effects Of Carbohydrate And Caffeine Ingestion On Cycling Performance, Tiffany L. Acker

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and combined effects of carbohydrate and caffeine ingestion on performance and physiological parameters during high-intensity aerobic cycling (~60 minutes). Methods: Ten cyclists (28 ± 3 yr, 73.2 ± 1.9 kg) performed 20 minutes of steady-state cycling (60% Wmax) followed by a simulated 20-km time trial (TT) under the following four treatment conditions: placebo (PLA), carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF), and a combination of CHO and CAF (CHO-CAF). One hour prior to exercise subjects ingested a placebo/caffeine capsule. Beverages (250 ml) were consumed immediately prior to the 20-min steady-state, immediately prior …