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Image Segmentation Using An Annealed Hopfield Neural Network, Yungsik Kim, Sarah A. Rajala
Image Segmentation Using An Annealed Hopfield Neural Network, Yungsik Kim, Sarah A. Rajala
Sarah A. Rajala
Good image segmentation can be achieved by finding the optimum solution to an appropriate energy function. A Hopfield neural network has been shown to solve complex optimization problems fast, but it only guarantees convergence to a local minimum of the optimization function. Alternatively, mean field annealing has been shown to reach the global or the nearly global optimum solution when solving optimization problems. Furthermore, it has been shown that there is a relationship between a Hopfield neural network and mean field annealing. In this paper, we combine the advantages of the Hopfield neural network and the mean field annealing algorithm …
Nest Usurpation, Supersedure And Colony Failure Contribute To Africanization Of Commercially Managed European Honey Bees In Venezuela, Robert G. Danka, Richard L. Hellmich, Thomas E. Rinderer
Nest Usurpation, Supersedure And Colony Failure Contribute To Africanization Of Commercially Managed European Honey Bees In Venezuela, Robert G. Danka, Richard L. Hellmich, Thomas E. Rinderer
Richard L Hellmich
The fates of 58 colonies in 4 apiaries managed commercially for honey production in northwest Venezuela were determined during 15 months. All colonies had been previously requeened with marked European queens. Heritage of new queens (European daughter replacements versus Africanized usurpers) was traced by mitochondrial DNA and morphological characteristics of worker progeny. Three usurpations (5% of colony fates, at a rate of 4.7% of colonies per year) occurred. These colonies showed congruent African-derived mitochondrial DNA and Africanized morphology. Supersedures accounted for much of the introgression of African genes into the test apiaries. Twenty-eight colonies (48%) superseded their queens once, three …
Failure Of The Congo Red Dye Uptake Test To Discriminate Between Virulent And Avirulent Avian Escherichia Coli, Kathy R. Spears, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Failure Of The Congo Red Dye Uptake Test To Discriminate Between Virulent And Avirulent Avian Escherichia Coli, Kathy R. Spears, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Lisa K. Nolan
Twenty avian Escherichia coli isolates from normal and diseased chickens were compared by use of three virulence tests. These tests included the uptake of Congo red dye, an embryo lethality test, and a quantitative microtiter complement resistance test. A direct correlation was seen between the results of the complement resistance test and the embryo lethality test. The results of the Congo red test did not correlate with the two other tests.
Isolation And Characterization Of The Tricarboxylate Transporter From Pea Mitochondria, Cecilia A. Mcintosh, David J. Oliver
Isolation And Characterization Of The Tricarboxylate Transporter From Pea Mitochondria, Cecilia A. Mcintosh, David J. Oliver
David J. Oliver
The tricarboxylate transporter was solubilized from pea (Pisum sativum) mitochondria with Triton X-114, partially purified over a hydroxylapatite column, and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. The proteoliposomes exchanged external [14C]citrate for internal citrate or malate but not for preloaded D,L-isocitrate. Similarly, although external malate, succinate, and citrate competed with [14C]citrate in the exchange reaction, D,L-isocitrate and phosphoenolpyruvate did not. This tricarboxylate transporter differed from the equivalent activity from animal tissues in that it did not transport isocitrate and phosphoenolpyruvate. In addition, tricarboxylate transport in isolated plant mitochondria, as well as that measured with the partially purified and reconstituted transporter, was less …
Segmentation-Based Texture Coding Algorithm For Packet Video: A Goal-Oriented Approach, Day-Fann Shen, Sarah A. Rajala
Segmentation-Based Texture Coding Algorithm For Packet Video: A Goal-Oriented Approach, Day-Fann Shen, Sarah A. Rajala
Sarah A. Rajala
The design of an image coder for packet-switched transmission is formulated as a minimization problem. A general set of design requirements is derived and used to design a segmentation-based texture coding algorithm. The segmentation process is performed on a pyramid data structure and uses the just noticeable difference (JND) of the human visual system as the merge criterion. To reduce the bit-rate while maintaining image quality, each region is classified as either texture or non-texture. Texture regions are approximated by a one-dimensional polynomial, while the non-texture regions are approximated by the region's mean intensity. A set of parameters for bit-rate/image …
Π-Bond Strengths Of H2x=Yh2: X = Ge Or Sn, And Y = C, Si, Ge, Or Sn, Theresa L. Windus, Mark S. Gordon
Π-Bond Strengths Of H2x=Yh2: X = Ge Or Sn, And Y = C, Si, Ge, Or Sn, Theresa L. Windus, Mark S. Gordon
Mark S. Gordon
The molecular structures and 1r-bond strengths are determined using both MP2 and MCSCF + CI energies for a series of H2X=YH2 compounds, where X = Ge or Sn and Y = C, Si, Ge, or Sn. These strengths are estimated both by evaluating the rotation barriers and by investigating the appropriate thermochemical cycles. The results show that C > Si ,.., Ge > Sn in their ability to form The molecular structures and 1r-bond strengths are determined using both MP2 and MCSCF + CI energies for a series of H2X=YH2 compounds, where X = Ge or Sn and Y = C, Si, …
Tracking Of Unresolved Targets In Infrared Imagery Using A Projection-Based Method, Jae-Ho Choi, Sarah A. Rajala
Tracking Of Unresolved Targets In Infrared Imagery Using A Projection-Based Method, Jae-Ho Choi, Sarah A. Rajala
Sarah A. Rajala
The conventional two-dimensional Hough transform technique is generalized into a projection- based transform method by using the modified Radon transform for estimating a three- dimensional target tracks embedded in a time-sequential set of image frames. The target of concern are dim, unresolved point targets moving along straight paths across a same field of view. Since the target signal-to-noise is low and the spatial extend of the target is less than a pixel, one must rely on integration over a target track which span over many image frames. Instead of processing the entire 3-D data set, a set of projections are …
Segmentation-Based Motion Estimation And Residual Coding For Packet Video: A Goal-Oriented Approach, Day-Fann Shen, Sarah A. Rajala
Segmentation-Based Motion Estimation And Residual Coding For Packet Video: A Goal-Oriented Approach, Day-Fann Shen, Sarah A. Rajala
Sarah A. Rajala
Image transmission via packet switched networks has a significant impact on encoded image data. To develop an efficient image codec for packet video, the goals of image coding are redefined and formulated as an optimization problem. Guided by these goals, a set of design requirements and a new segmentation based coding technique is developed. This approach features region based motion estimation, region based residual coding and region based single frame coding. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and a packet loss compensation algorithm is presented. As a result, good image quality at very low-bit rates can be achieved.
Predicting The Growth Of Salmonella Typhimurium On Beef By Using The Temperature Function Integration Technique, James S. Dickson, G. R. Siragusa, J. E. Wray Jr.
Predicting The Growth Of Salmonella Typhimurium On Beef By Using The Temperature Function Integration Technique, James S. Dickson, G. R. Siragusa, J. E. Wray Jr.
James S. Dickson
Lag and generation times for the growth of Salmonella typhimurium on sterile lean beef were modeled as functions of cooling time under various carcass-chilling scenarios. Gompertz growth models were fit to the log10 colony counts over time at each of six temperatures in the range of 15 to 40 degrees C. Lag and generation times were defined as the points at which the second and first derivatives, respectively, of each growth curve attained a maximum. Generation time and lag time parameters were modeled as functions of temperature by use of exponential-decay models. The models were applied to typical beef carcass-cooling …
Uncatalyzed Peptide Bond Formation In The Gas Phase, Jan H. Jensen, Kim K. Balgridge, Mark S. Gordon
Uncatalyzed Peptide Bond Formation In The Gas Phase, Jan H. Jensen, Kim K. Balgridge, Mark S. Gordon
Mark S. Gordon
Several levels of electronic structure theory are used to analyze the formation of a peptide bond between two glycine molecules. Both a stepwise and concerted mechanism were considered. The energetic requirements for the stepwise and concerted mechanisms are essentially the same within the expected accuracy of the methods used. A simpler model system comprised of formic acid and ammonia is found to provide a good representation of the essential features of dipeptide formation. Total electron densities and localized molecular orbitals are used to interpret the mechanisms.
Identification And Prevalence Of A Genetic Defect That Causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency In Holstein Cattle, Dale E. Shuster, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr., Mark R. Ackermann, R. O. Gilbert
Identification And Prevalence Of A Genetic Defect That Causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency In Holstein Cattle, Dale E. Shuster, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr., Mark R. Ackermann, R. O. Gilbert
Mark R. Ackermann
Two point mutations were identified within the gene encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the highly conserved extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein, a region where several mutations have been found to cause human LAD. The other mutation is silent. Twenty calves with clinical symptoms of LAD were tested, and all were homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, two calves homozygous for the D128G allele were identified during widespread DNA testing, and both were subsequently found to …
Nad+-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenase: Isolation, Purification, And Characterization Of The Protein From Pea Mitochondria, Cecilia A. Mcintosh, David J. Oliver
Nad+-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenase: Isolation, Purification, And Characterization Of The Protein From Pea Mitochondria, Cecilia A. Mcintosh, David J. Oliver
David J. Oliver
The NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) mitochondria was purified more than 200-fold by dye-ligand binding on Matrix Gel Blue A and gel filtration on Superose 6. The enzyme was stabilized during purification by the inclusion of 20% glycerol. In crude matrix extracts, the enzyme activity eluted from Superose 6 with apparent molecular masses of 1400 ± 200, 690 ± 90, and 300 ± 50 kD. During subsequent purification steps the larger molecular mass species disappeared and an additional peak at 94 ± 16 kD was evident. The monomer for the enzyme was tentatively identified at 47 …
Strategies Tor Designing A High-Valent Transition-Metal Silylidene Complex, Thomas R. Cundiari, Mark S. Gordon
Strategies Tor Designing A High-Valent Transition-Metal Silylidene Complex, Thomas R. Cundiari, Mark S. Gordon
Mark S. Gordon
The electronic structure of complexes arising from the formation of a double bond between a silylene ligand (Si(R)R') and a high-valent transition-metal fragment have been investigated using ab initio wave functions including the effects of electron correlation. Using the analogy of carbon, these complexes may be referred to as Scbrock-type silylenes or silylidenes. A prime motivation for this work is that complexes of this type, unlike their carbon analogues, have so far eluded attempts at experimental characterization. Several conclusions are reached as a result of these calculations. (a) The inclusion of electron correlation is necessary to adequately describe the MSi …
Relationship Of Complement Resistance And Selected Virulence Factors In Pathogenic Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Kathy R. Spears, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan, Oscar J. Fletcher
Relationship Of Complement Resistance And Selected Virulence Factors In Pathogenic Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Kathy R. Spears, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan, Oscar J. Fletcher
Lisa K. Nolan
Complement resistance, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence profiles of 80 Escherichia coli isolates from the intestines of normal chickens (40 isolates) and chickens diagnosed as having colisepticemia (40 isolates) were compared. Differences were observed between the two groups for antibiotic resistance, siderophore production, presence of type 1 pili, complement resistance, motility, and size of plasmids. The systemic isolates were more likely to have siderophores and type 1 pili, and to be complement-resistant and motile than were the intestinal isolates. No differences between the two groups were observed for colicin production. Further comparison of the 10 most complement-resistant isolates from the …
Visual Sensitivity To Color-Varying Stimuli, Sarah A. Rajala, H. Joel Trussell, B. Krishnakumar
Visual Sensitivity To Color-Varying Stimuli, Sarah A. Rajala, H. Joel Trussell, B. Krishnakumar
Sarah A. Rajala
We present the results of a study of the sensitivity of the human visual system (HVS) to spatially varying color stimuli. Sinusoidal grating patterns of different spatial frequencies were presented to six observers and the contrast required to just distinguish the pattern from the surrounding uniform field was determined. Tables and curves of contrast (measured in ΔELab) as a function of frequency were generated at different values of; the orientation (horizontal, vertical and diagonal) of the pattern, the average luminance, the x and y chromaticity co-ordinates, and the direction of the variation of the stimulus in color space (luminance, red-green, …
Diversity Among Rhizobia Effective With Robinia Pseudoacacia L, Janet Mccray-Batzli, William R. Graves, Peter Van Berkum
Diversity Among Rhizobia Effective With Robinia Pseudoacacia L, Janet Mccray-Batzli, William R. Graves, Peter Van Berkum
William R Graves
The diversity of rhizobia that form symbioses with roots of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), an economically important leguminous tree species, was examined by inoculating seedling root zones with samples of soil collected from the United States, Canada, and China. Bacteria were isolated from nodules, subcultured, and verified to be rhizobia. The 186 isolates varied significantly in their resistance to antibiotics and NaCl, their growth on different carbohydrates, and their effect on the pH of culture media. Most isolates showed intermediate antibiotic resistance, the capacity to use numerous carbohydrates, and a neutral to acid pH response. Isolates had greater similarity …
The Fokker–Planck Closure For Turbulent Molecular Mixing: Passive Scalars, Rodney O. Fox
The Fokker–Planck Closure For Turbulent Molecular Mixing: Passive Scalars, Rodney O. Fox
Rodney O. Fox
A turbulent-molecular-mixing closure for passive scalar mixing is derived based on the theory of diffusion in layerlike lamellar structures. The closure is formulated in terms of the Fokker- Planck (FP) equation (or an equivalent stochastic differential equation), and is to be employed in conjunction with the probability density function (pdf) balance equation appearing in the pdf methods for modeling turbulent reactive flows. Like the mapping closure, the FP closure predicts a limiting Gaussian pdf for the passive scalar concentration in isotropic turbulence. In addition, the FP closure models the joint pdf of the scalar concentration and the scalar gradient and …
Characteristics Of Conjugative R-Plasmids From Pathogenic Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Kathy R. Spears, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown, Mark A. Dekich
Characteristics Of Conjugative R-Plasmids From Pathogenic Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Kathy R. Spears, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown, Mark A. Dekich
Lisa K. Nolan
Three of four virulent avian Escherichia coli isolates transferred a single large molecular-weight R-plasmid to two recipient E. coli strains. Antibiotic resistances transferred included streptomycin (two isolates) and streptomycin-tetracycline-sulfa (one isolate). Production of colicin and siderophores, complement resistance, and embryo lethality present in the virulent isolates were not transferred to recipient organisms. From the results, it appears that the R-plasmids of these virulent avian E. coli are not associated with virulence.
Animal Model Of Human Disease: Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency: Beta2 Integrin Deficiency In Young Holstein Cattle, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr., Mark R. Ackermann, Dale E. Shuster, Martin J. Van Der Maaten, Frank C. Schmalstieg, Donald C. Anderson, Bonnie J. Hughes
Animal Model Of Human Disease: Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency: Beta2 Integrin Deficiency In Young Holstein Cattle, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr., Mark R. Ackermann, Dale E. Shuster, Martin J. Van Der Maaten, Frank C. Schmalstieg, Donald C. Anderson, Bonnie J. Hughes
Mark R. Ackermann
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by a lack or partial absence of a family of leukocyte integrins, Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95.1 The leukocyte (32) integrins are glycoproteins essential for normal leukocyte-endothelial cell adherence and emigration. Affected children develop recurrent bacterial infections, persistent leukocytosis, severe hypoplasia of lymphoid tissues and isolated neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes have abnormal function when tested in vitro. Most patients without bone marrow transplants die at an early age.
Use Of Rats To Compare Atrophic Rhinitis Vaccines For Protection Against Effects Of Heat-Labile Protein Toxin Produced By Pasteurella Multocida Serogroup D, J. R. Thurston, R. B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, N. F. Cheville
Use Of Rats To Compare Atrophic Rhinitis Vaccines For Protection Against Effects Of Heat-Labile Protein Toxin Produced By Pasteurella Multocida Serogroup D, J. R. Thurston, R. B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, N. F. Cheville
Mark R. Ackermann
Four bacterin-toxoid and three bacterin commercial vaccines against atrophic rhinitis were tested in rats for their capacity to immunize against the lethal and systemic effects of purified heat-labile protein toxin (D-toxin) produced by Pasteurella multocida serogroup D. Only one bacterin-toxoid vaccine stimulated sufficient immunity to prevent the death of all rats challenged with D-toxin. None of the vaccines prevented weight loss, leukocytosis or increases in serum complement titers in rats challenged with D-toxin. Rats provide an inexpensive animal model for testing the capacity of vaccines to generate antitoxic immunity against the lethal and systemic effects of D-toxin.
Comparison Of A Complement Resistance Test, A Chicken Embryo Lethality Test, And The Chicken Lethality Test For Determining Virulence Of Avian Escherichia Coli, Lisa K. Nolan, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Kathy R. Spears, H. W. Dickerson, Mark Dekich
Comparison Of A Complement Resistance Test, A Chicken Embryo Lethality Test, And The Chicken Lethality Test For Determining Virulence Of Avian Escherichia Coli, Lisa K. Nolan, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Kathy R. Spears, H. W. Dickerson, Mark Dekich
Lisa K. Nolan
Results with four pathogenic avian Escherichia coli isolates and one avirulent isolate in a complement resistance test, a chicken lethality test, and a chicken embryo lethality test were compared. Results of the complement resistance test with these isolates were highly correlated to results of the chicken lethality test of virulence. The chicken embryo test yielded results that were of a medium positive correlation with the chicken lethality results. The results of the complement resistance and chicken embryo lethality tests were highly correlated.
Transposon Mutagenesis Used To Study The Role Of Complement Resistance In The Virulence Of An Avian Escherichia Coli Isolate, Lisa K. Nolan, Richard E. Wooley, Richard K. Cooper
Transposon Mutagenesis Used To Study The Role Of Complement Resistance In The Virulence Of An Avian Escherichia Coli Isolate, Lisa K. Nolan, Richard E. Wooley, Richard K. Cooper
Lisa K. Nolan
The role of complement resistance in the virulence of an avian Escherichia coli isolate was examined with transposon mutagenesis. A suicide plasmid containing a kanamycin-encoding mini-transposon was used to transform a virulent complement-resistant avian E. coli isolate. A less resistant mutant was identified that contained a transposon insertion in a plasmid and in the chromosome. This loss of complement resistance was associated with a drop in virulence in an embryo assay. No other phenotypic changes were detected in the mutant. These results suggest that complement resistance is associated with the virulence of this organism.
(100) Surface Segregation In Cu-Ni Alloys, H.Y. Wang, R. Najafabadi, D. J. Srolovitz, Richard Alan Lesar
(100) Surface Segregation In Cu-Ni Alloys, H.Y. Wang, R. Najafabadi, D. J. Srolovitz, Richard Alan Lesar
Richard Alan Lesar
Atomistic simulations of segregation to the (100) free surface in Ni-Cu alloys have been performed for a wide range of temperatures and compositions within the solid-solution region of the alloy phase diagram. In addition to the surface-segregation profile, surface structures, free energies, enthalpies, and entropies were determined. These simulations were performed within the framework of the free-energy simulation method, in which an approximate free-energy functional is minimized with respect to atomic coordinates and atomic-site occupation. For all alloy bulk compositions (0.05≤C≤0.95) and temperatures (400≤T≤1000 K) examined, Cu segregates strongly to the surface and Ni segregates to the planes just below …
Spatial Variation Of A Short-Lived Intermediate Chemical Species In A Couette Reactor, R. Dennis Vigil, Q. Ouyang, Harry L. Swinney
Spatial Variation Of A Short-Lived Intermediate Chemical Species In A Couette Reactor, R. Dennis Vigil, Q. Ouyang, Harry L. Swinney
R. Dennis Vigil
We have conducted experiments and simulations of the spatial variation of a short-lived intermediate species (triiodide) in the autocatalytic oxidation of arsenite by iodate in a reactor that is essentially one dimensional-the Couette reactor. (This reactor consists of two concentric cylinders with the inner one rotating and the outer one at rest; reagents are continuously fed and removed at each end in such a way that there is no net axial flux and there are opposing arsenite and iodate gradients.) The predictions ?f a one-dim~ns~onal . reaction-diffusion model which has no adjustable parameters, are In good qualItative (and, In some …
H-Protein Of The Glycine Decarboxylase Multienzyme Complex: Complementary Dna Encoding The Protein From Arabidopsis Thaliana, David J. Oliver
H-Protein Of The Glycine Decarboxylase Multienzyme Complex: Complementary Dna Encoding The Protein From Arabidopsis Thaliana, David J. Oliver
David J. Oliver
The glycine decarboxylase multienzyme complex is composed of four component enzymes, the 100-kD P-protein (a pyridoxal 5-phosphate-dependent amino acid decarboxylase), the 14-kD H-protein (a lipoamide-containing carrier protein), the 45-kD T-protein (a tetrahydrofolate transferase), and the 59-kD L-protein (lipoamide dehydrogenase) (5). The Iipoamide cofactor of the H-protein carries reaction intermediates between the active sites of the other three component proteins. These proteins form a large molecular weight complex (4) within the matrix ofleaf mitochondria where, together with the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase, it catalyzes the photorespiratory conversion of two molecules of glycine to one each of serine, NH3, and CO2 with the …
The Development Of A Prehistoric Coarse Ware Pottery Typology For Survey At Kavousi, East Crete, Margaret S. Mook, Donal C. Haggis
The Development Of A Prehistoric Coarse Ware Pottery Typology For Survey At Kavousi, East Crete, Margaret S. Mook, Donal C. Haggis
Margaret S. Mook
Archaeological survey and excavation in the KavousiThriphti area of East Crete has provided the evidence for establishing a coarse ware fabric typology for this region. Coarse wares constitute 70-90% of the typical Aegean pottery assemblage and a chronological typology for this pottery is useful for dating surface remains, as well as deposits from excavated contexts. Diachronic changes in coarse ware fabric types have now been documented from the Early Minoan through Late Geometric/Archaic periods at Kavousi.
Pinski Et Al. Reply, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy
Pinski Et Al. Reply, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy
Duane D. Johnson
With our calculations [I], we uncovered the electronic mechanism responsible for inducing atomic short-range order (SRO) in the disordered solid solution of NiPt as it is cooled. Usually, but not always, SRO, whether derived theoretically or measured experimentally, indicates the nature of the long-rangeordered (LRO) state that will stabilize at low temperature. Our calculation of the atomic SRO, while agreeing with experiments [2], neglected the relativistic effects in the electronic structure. Lu, Wei, and Zunger (LWZ) [3,4], on the other hand, have calculated the L lo-ordered alloy formation energy and find that only when relativistic effects are included is the …
Soy Protein, Phytate, And Iron Absorption In Humans, Richard F. Hurrell, Marcel-A Juillerat, Manju B. Reddy, Sean R. Lynch, Sandra A. Dassenko, James D. Cook
Soy Protein, Phytate, And Iron Absorption In Humans, Richard F. Hurrell, Marcel-A Juillerat, Manju B. Reddy, Sean R. Lynch, Sandra A. Dassenko, James D. Cook
Manju B. Reddy
The effect of reducing the phytate in soy-protein isolates on nonheme-iron absorption was examined in 32 human subjects. Iron absorption was measured by using an extrinsic radioiron label in liquid-formula meals containing hydrolyzed corn starch, corn oil, and either egg white or one of a series ofsoy-protein isolates with different phytate contents. Iron absorption increased four- to fivefold when phytic acid was reduced from its native amount of 49-8.4 to < 0.01 mg/g of isolate. Even relatively small quantities of residual phytate were strongly inhibitory and phytic acid had to be reduced to < 0.3 mg/g of isolate (corresponding to < 10 mg phytic acid/meal) before a meaningful increase in iron absorption was observed. However, even after removal ofvirtually all the phytic acid, iron absorption from the soy-protein meal was still only half that of the egg white control. It is concluded that phytic acid is a major inhibitory factor of iron absorption in soy-protein isolates but that other factors contribute to the poor bioavailability of iron from these products.
Hypercoordination In Group Iv Mh5 And Mh5- Systems, Marshall T. Carroll, Mark S. Gordon, Theresa L. Windus
Hypercoordination In Group Iv Mh5 And Mh5- Systems, Marshall T. Carroll, Mark S. Gordon, Theresa L. Windus
Mark S. Gordon
The energetics and bonding of the group IV hypervalent MH5 and MH5- D3h structures (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn) are examined in this paper. Ab initio all-electron calculations are used to predict the energies and geometries of the systems. The resulting electron densities are analyzed using the topological theory of atoms in molecules. It is found that the anion energetically is more stable than the neutral radical for M = Si, Ge, and Sn but not for M = C. Further distinguishing carbon from the other members of the group is the fact that the CH bond mostly is …
Liquid Immersion Cooling Of A Longitudinal Array Of Discrete Heat Sources In Protruding Substrates: Ii—Forced Convection Boiling, Theodore J. Heindel, S. Ramadhyani, F. P. Incropera
Liquid Immersion Cooling Of A Longitudinal Array Of Discrete Heat Sources In Protruding Substrates: Ii—Forced Convection Boiling, Theodore J. Heindel, S. Ramadhyani, F. P. Incropera
Theodore J. Heindel
Forced convection boiling experiments have been performed for an in-line 1 x 10 array of discrete heat sources, flush mounted to protruding substrates located on the bottom wall of a horizontal flow channel. FC-72, a dielectric fluorocarbon liquid, was used as the heat transfer fluid, and the experiments covered a range of flow velocities, degrees of fluid subcooling, and channel heights. The maximum heater-to-heater surface temperature variation was less than 2.5°C and was insensitive to channel height under conditions of fully developed nucleate boiling. Although the fluid velocity influenced the heat flux for partially developed nucleate boiling, its influence was …