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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
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Laboratory Analogue Investigation Of Cognitive Defusion And Cognitive Reappraisal Strategies In The Context Of Symbolically Generalized Avoidance, Matthew Donati
Psychology Theses
The present study used a basic behavioral paradigm derived from Relational Frame Theory (RFT), a contemporary behavioral account of language and cognition, to validate principle-based definitions of the cognitive interventions of defusion and reappraisal. Ninety-one participants first underwent an RFT learning paradigm that established symbolically generalized avoidance. Participants were then randomized to a defusion, reappraisal, or control condition. The main outcomes were equivalence responding—indicative of the trained relational network and analogous to the content of cognition—and avoidance—analogous to the behavioral impact of cognition. Defusion and reappraisal significantly reduced avoidance responding, providing support for the hypothesis that these interventions target the …
Exploring The Effects Of Brief Mindfulness And Reappraisal Training On Executive Control And Affect, Lee Schaefer
Exploring The Effects Of Brief Mindfulness And Reappraisal Training On Executive Control And Affect, Lee Schaefer
Psychology Theses
Despite the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for a wide range of psychological problems, their mechanisms remain unknown. Analogue studies of key treatment components can help distinguish these approaches. One such component, focused-breathing meditation, has rarely been studied in direct comparison to another active and theoretically distinct technique, cognitive reappraisal. The present study examined the effects of mindful breathing and cognitive reappraisal instructions on negative affect and executive control, two potential mechanisms of mindfulness, in a laboratory setting. Non-clinical college undergraduates (N = 136) were randomly assigned to a 10-minute mindfulness, reappraisal, or mind-wandering control condition. Contrary to hypotheses, no …
Depression And Empathy Predict Emotion-Modulated Startle Reactivity, Alyssa M. Ames
Depression And Empathy Predict Emotion-Modulated Startle Reactivity, Alyssa M. Ames
Psychology Theses
Research supports varied patterns of emotion-modulated startle (EMS) reactivity among depressed individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine whether these varied patterns can be explained by depression, empathic tendencies, and emotional stimuli. The EMS paradigm is a well-validated measure of emotion-modulated reactivity in which the magnitude of startle reflexes in reaction to acoustic stimuli are recorded while participants view pleasant, neutral, and negative images (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1990). Young adults (N = 120; Mage = 19.54, SD = 1.41; 75% female) completed self-report rating scales of depression symptoms and cognitive and affective empathic tendencies and …
Psychological Needs Fulfillment And Engagement Within After School Programming: A Thematic Analysis Of Program Rentention, Loren Faust
Psychology Theses
The current qualitative study draws on Larson’s theory of positive youth development and on concepts from Self-Determination Theory to postulate that program participants will derive a sense of enjoyment and challenge in program activities when they perceive that the program supports their psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Self-determination theory suggests that when programs support participants’ need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, the participants will in turn experience a higher sense of motivation and engagement within the program. The emergent themes found from the thematic analysis helped to support this theory by suggesting that Cool Girls participants experience a …
Measuring Caregiver Impact On Children's Violent News Media Exposure: Development And Initial Validation Of The Caregiver Responses To Youth Media Exposure (Cryme), Susanna Crowell Mcquarrie
Measuring Caregiver Impact On Children's Violent News Media Exposure: Development And Initial Validation Of The Caregiver Responses To Youth Media Exposure (Cryme), Susanna Crowell Mcquarrie
Psychology Theses
Research has shown that media exposure to violence is positively correlated with anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in children (Becker-Blease et al. 2008), and parents can influence children’s responses to media (Otto et al. 2007). Few studies have examined specific parenting behaviors related to their children’s response to violent news media exposure; which is further limited by the lack of available measures with adequate psychometric support (Comer & Kendall, 2007). The current study addresses this gap by developing a measure of specific ways that caregivers may influence their children’s exposure and reaction to violent news. Item content was generated based …
The Effects Of Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Temporal Patterns On Sequential Learning, Kimberly Ross
The Effects Of Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Temporal Patterns On Sequential Learning, Kimberly Ross
Psychology Theses
Sequential learning refers to the ability to learn the temporal and ordinal patterns of one’s environment. The current study examines the effects of synchronous and asynchronous temporal patterns on sequential learning. Twenty healthy adults participants (11 females, 18–34 years old) performed two versions of a visual sequential learning paradigm while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Reaction times to the targets following two predictor types were also recorded. Reaction time data revealed that learning occurred in both temporal conditions, although overall the synchronous condition was responded to faster. On the other hand, the mean ERP amplitudes between 300 and 700ms post-predictor …
Task Residual Functional Connectivity In Language And Attention Networks, Stella Tran
Task Residual Functional Connectivity In Language And Attention Networks, Stella Tran
Psychology Theses
The present study compared network specificity between task-residual and resting state data types. Task-residual data capitalizes on the remaining variance after the mean task-related signal is removed from the time series. This study also examined how inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity (bilateral homologous regions and regions contained within the same hemisphere, respectively) within the language and attention networks change as a result of age. Task-residual functional connectivity evidenced stronger laterality of the language and attention connections and thus greater network specificity than resting state functional connectivity of the same connections. Using task-residual data may be optimal for characterizing the synchronized fluctuations …
Pediatric Chronic Abdominal Pain Nursing: A Mixed Method Analysis Of Burnout, Nikita Rodrigues
Pediatric Chronic Abdominal Pain Nursing: A Mixed Method Analysis Of Burnout, Nikita Rodrigues
Psychology Theses
Nurses are at increased risk for job burnout, which can lead to psychological and physical problems, decreased quality of care, and premature exit from the profession. Studies have found common predictors of burnout in multiple service occupations, but there are important differences across settings. The current study used embedded mixed-method analyses to explore burnout in a sample of nurses that work with patients with chronic abdominal pain. Thirty-two nurses participated in focus groups and data analyses revealed the following six themes: negative pain beliefs, barriers to effective pain management, nurse empathy/compassion, moral distress, coping methods, and burnout. These themes were …
Parental Responsivity And Language Outcomes During A Language Intervention For Children With Developmental Delay, Nonye Nwosu
Parental Responsivity And Language Outcomes During A Language Intervention For Children With Developmental Delay, Nonye Nwosu
Psychology Theses
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between parental responsivity and language outcomes after a 24-session language intervention in a sample of 62 toddlers with significant developmental delays and fewer than 10 spoken words. The data for this secondary analysis were taken from a longitudinal study that evaluated language outcomes after augmented or spoken language intervention (Romski et al., 2010). Instances of parental responsivity increased from pre-intervention to post-intervention and directive behaviors decreased slightly across all intervention groups. The results suggest a relationship between parental responsivity and expressive language outcomes in children with developmental delay who use …
The Longitudinal Relationship Between Racial Discrimination And Depression In Ethnic Minority College Freshmen: The Potential Moderating Role Of Peer And Faculty Support, Zahra Murtaza
Psychology Theses
Racial discrimination has been linked to depressive symptoms (Pascoe & Richman, 2009), but only a few studies have explored this relationship longitudinally. This study examines the possible moderating role of faculty and peer support on the discrimination-depression relationship amongst 180 ethnic minority college freshmen. Results of the hierarchical regression indicate that racial discrimination, β = .13, p < .05, in the first semester of freshman year significantly predicted depressive symptoms in the second semester of freshman year. No interactions were found between discrimination and peer support (β = .06, p > .05), or between discrimination and two forms of faculty support (faculty interactions, β = .05, p > .05, and faculty concern, β = -.10, p > .05). Thus, unlike predicted, peer and faculty support did not serve as protective factors against discrimination-related stress. Future …
Psychological Outcomes Of Perpetrating Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Analysis, Carolyn Brennan
Psychological Outcomes Of Perpetrating Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Analysis, Carolyn Brennan
Psychology Theses
Despite the vast body of research on outcomes of sexual violence victimization, little is known about the psychological outcomes of sexual violence perpetration. This omission is significant, due to the fact that preventing recidivism may depend on treatment of identified perpetrators. The purpose of the current thesis is to examine the psychological responses to perpetrating sexual violence with a qualitative analysis of first-hand accounts of sexual violence perpetration, obtained from anonymous posts on Reddit.com. The analysis revealed four primary emotional outcomes to perpetrating sexual violence: shame, remorse, depression, and anger. The four themes appeared independently and were associated with different …
The Moderating Effect Of Statistical Learning On The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And Language: An Event-Related Potential Study, Leyla Eghbalzad
The Moderating Effect Of Statistical Learning On The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And Language: An Event-Related Potential Study, Leyla Eghbalzad
Psychology Theses
Statistical learning (SL) is believed to be a mechanism that enables successful language acquisition. Language acquisition in turn is heavily influenced by environmental factors such as socioeconomic status (SES). However, it is unknown to what extent SL abilities interact with SES in affecting language outcomes. To examine this potential interaction, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) in 38 children aged 7-12 while performing a visual SL task consisting of a sequence of stimuli that contained covert statistical probabilities that predicted a target stimulus. Hierarchical regression results indicated that SL ability moderated the relationship between SES (average of both caregiver’s education level) …
Defining The Distinction: Neural And Cognitive Correlates Of Apathy & Depression In Prodromal Huntington's Disease, Maria Misiura
Defining The Distinction: Neural And Cognitive Correlates Of Apathy & Depression In Prodromal Huntington's Disease, Maria Misiura
Psychology Theses
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a debilitating genetic disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities. Among these psychiatric symptoms, apathy and depression are some of the most common mood symptoms in the pre-diagnosed population (prHD). This study examined the role of apathy and depression and their neural and cognitive correlates. We compared apathy and depression scores to measures of cognitive control, language, and motor symptoms in a sample of individuals with prHD. Additionally, we compared apathy and depression scores to activation in the default mode network, caudate, putamen, and supplementary motor area (SMA) during a timing task. We found that …
Stress Appraisal, Coping Resources, And Psychological Functioning In Parents Of Infants And Toddlers Diagnosed With Congenital Heart Disease, Meredith Bishop
Stress Appraisal, Coping Resources, And Psychological Functioning In Parents Of Infants And Toddlers Diagnosed With Congenital Heart Disease, Meredith Bishop
Psychology Theses
Congenital heart disease (CHD) includes a variety of disorders that are characterized by structural defects to the heart or the coronary blood vessels that occur in fetal development. CHD occurs in 8 of every 1,000 live births. CHD often requires surgical repair and increases caregiving burden for families. The purpose of this study was to better understand the relations between illness-related parenting stress, coping resources, and psychological functioning in primary caregivers of young children with CHD. 69 parents provided demographic information and completed measures of parenting stress, self-efficacy, mindfulness, social support, and adjustment. Results revealed that psychological functioning in this …