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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
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The Relation Between Self-Report Mindfulness And Performance On Tasks Of Attention, Stefan Kennedy Schmertz
The Relation Between Self-Report Mindfulness And Performance On Tasks Of Attention, Stefan Kennedy Schmertz
Psychology Theses
The present study examined the relation between self-report mindfulness and performance on tasks measuring abilities for three aspects of attention: sustained, selective, and attention switching. Because attention regulation has been described as a core component of mindfulness, and past research suggests that experience with mindfulness meditation is associated with improved attentional skills, the present study predicted that higher self-report mindfulness would be positively related to performance on tasks of attention. Fifty undergraduate students completed self-report mindfulness questionnaires and completed a battery of attention tasks. There was mixed support for the relation between mindfulness scores and sustained attention, such that higher …
Investigating The Utility Of The Film War Zone As A Component Of A Street Harassment Prevention Program, Doyanne A. Darnell
Investigating The Utility Of The Film War Zone As A Component Of A Street Harassment Prevention Program, Doyanne A. Darnell
Psychology Theses
Street harassment, the sexual harassment by strangers in public places, is a common experience shared by many women and has been linked with other forms of sexual victimization. The negative impact of street harassment, such as fear and behavior to avoid being harassed, points to the need for preventing the behavior. This study sought to determine whether the documentary-style film War Zone may be effective in impacting men’s attitudes toward street harassment, and whether the effectiveness of the film would depend on men’s hostility toward women and level of peer acceptance for street harassment. Findings do not support the effectiveness …
What Meaning Means For Same And Different: A Comparative Study In Analogical Reasoning, Timothy M. Flemming
What Meaning Means For Same And Different: A Comparative Study In Analogical Reasoning, Timothy M. Flemming
Psychology Theses
The acquisition of relational concepts plays an integral role and is assumed to be a prerequisite for analogical reasoning. Language and token-trained apes (e.g. Premack, 1976; Thompson, Oden, and Boysen, 1997) are the only nonhuman animals to succeed in solving and completing analogies, thus implicating language as the mechanism enabling the phenomenon. In the present study, I examine the role of meaning in the analogical reasoning abilities of three different primate species. Humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys completed relational match-to-sample (RMTS) tasks with either meaningful or nonmeaningful stimuli. For human participants, meaningfulness facilitated the acquisition of analogical rules. Individual differences …
The Relation Of Presence And Virtual Reality Exposure For Treatment Of Flying Phobia, Matthew Price
The Relation Of Presence And Virtual Reality Exposure For Treatment Of Flying Phobia, Matthew Price
Psychology Theses
A growing body of literature suggests that Virtual Reality is a successful tool for exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Virtual Reality (VR) researchers posit the construct of presence, interpreting an artificial stimulus as if it were real, as the mechanism that enables anxiety to be felt during virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE). However, empirical studies on the relation between presence and anxiety in VRE have yielded mixed findings. The current study tested the following hypotheses 1) Presence is related to in session anxiety and treatment outcome; 2) Presence mediates the extent that pre-existing (pre-treatment) anxiety is experienced during exposure with …
Risky Sexual Behavior Among African-American Men Who Have Sex With Men: The Effects Of Peer Norms For Condom Use On Risky Sexual Behavior As Moderated By Socio-Demographic, Socio-Contextual, And Health-Related Variables, Christopher Scott Holliday
Risky Sexual Behavior Among African-American Men Who Have Sex With Men: The Effects Of Peer Norms For Condom Use On Risky Sexual Behavior As Moderated By Socio-Demographic, Socio-Contextual, And Health-Related Variables, Christopher Scott Holliday
Psychology Theses
This study examined contextual influences on the relationship between peer norms for condom use and risky sexual behavior among African-American men who have sex with men. Analyses assessed the moderating effects of socio-demographic, socio-contextual, and health-related variables. One thousand forty African-American men, who have sex with men, ages 17 to 25 years, were surveyed as part of the Community Intervention Trial for Youth (CITY) from 1999 to 2002 in Atlanta, Georgia. Findings supported the hypothesis that participants who engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse, socio-contextual variables moderated the relationship between peer norms and risky sexual behavior. Findings also supported the …
Thinking, Feeling And Discriminating: The Role Of Prejudice As A Mediator Between Stereotypes And Discrimination, John Patrick Ryan
Thinking, Feeling And Discriminating: The Role Of Prejudice As A Mediator Between Stereotypes And Discrimination, John Patrick Ryan
Psychology Theses
Relationships between implicit measures of stereotyping (using subliminal semantic priming) and implicit measures of prejudice (using facial electromyography) were examined in both Black and White participants. Race of the participant showed a trend towards moderating the relationship between priming bias scores and EMG bias to face stimuli and the relationship between priming bias scores and EMG bias. There were nonsignificant relationships between priming bias scores and differences in application ratings for Black and White applicants. The issue of statistical power is discussed as a possible explanation for nonsignificance.
The Influence Of Parent-Child Relatedness And Social Support On Depressive Symptoms In Asthmatic Children: Tests Of Moderation, Lawanda Cummings
The Influence Of Parent-Child Relatedness And Social Support On Depressive Symptoms In Asthmatic Children: Tests Of Moderation, Lawanda Cummings
Psychology Theses
The Brofenbrenner(1979) ecological theory was applied to examine the relationship between parent and child depressive mood and the moderation of relational quality at two levels; 1) parent-child (within family) and 2) family-social support (outside family) levels. It was hypothesized that both levels would buffer the predictive association of parent to child depressive mood. At the first level, the parent-child depressive mood association was qualified by an interaction with relatedness (categorized as inadequate and adequate) that approached a conventional level of significance, R2 = .023, F(1,101) = 2.77, p = .099. At the second level, the addition of social support as …
Filial Responsibility As A Moderator Of Witnessing Domestic Violence And Behavioral Outcomes In Latino Children, Dhakirah Amelia Hamin
Filial Responsibility As A Moderator Of Witnessing Domestic Violence And Behavioral Outcomes In Latino Children, Dhakirah Amelia Hamin
Psychology Theses
Children’s perceptions of the fairness of their filial responsibility was examined as a moderator between witnessing domestic violence and behavioral outcomes in children. Hierarchical Multiple Regressions revealed that children’s perceptions of the fairness of their family responsibility influenced the relation between the psychological violence in the household and child reports of internalizing behavior problems. Specifically, higher levels of psychological violence predicted higher levels of internalizing only under perceptions of unfair filial responsibility. In addition, increased levels of reported psychological violence in the household significantly predicted increased levels of mother-reported externalizing problems. Descriptive analyses revealed that for 12 of the 27 …
The Impact Of Self-Esteem, Media Internalization, Sexual Orientation, And Ethnicity On Drive For Muscularity In Men Who Work Out In Gyms, Jill Barker Baird
The Impact Of Self-Esteem, Media Internalization, Sexual Orientation, And Ethnicity On Drive For Muscularity In Men Who Work Out In Gyms, Jill Barker Baird
Psychology Theses
This study examined relationships among self-esteem, media internalization, sexual orientation, and ethnicity in predicting drive for muscularity in a diverse group of men (N = 217) who work out in gyms. Investigations examined media internalization and sexual orientation as moderators of the relationship between self-esteem and drive for muscularity. Additional analyses examined media internalization as a moderator of the relationships between a) sexual orientation and drive for muscularity and b) ethnicity and drive for muscularity. Standardized questionnaires were utilized to assess drive for muscularity, media internalization, self-esteem, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. While lower self-esteem predicted greater drive for muscularity, neither …
The Relation Of Parental Depression To Posttraumatic Stress In Bosnian Youths: The Mediating Role Of Filial Responsibility, Brian Isakson
The Relation Of Parental Depression To Posttraumatic Stress In Bosnian Youths: The Mediating Role Of Filial Responsibility, Brian Isakson
Psychology Theses
This study examined the role of filial responsibility as a mediator between parental depression and posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) in Bosnian youths. The sample consisted of 145 6PthP-8PthP grade boys and girls and their parents. Unfairness and caregiving scales were combined in an interaction term to test the hypothesis. Parental depression significantly predicted parental report of adolescent PTSS but the filial responsibility variables did not significantly mediate the relationship between parental depression and PTSS. A post-hoc analysis examined the role of filial responsibility mediating the relationship between parental education level and PTSS. The interaction terms did not significantly mediate the …
Perception Of Emotion From Facial Expression And Affective Prosody, Noelle Turini Santorelli
Perception Of Emotion From Facial Expression And Affective Prosody, Noelle Turini Santorelli
Psychology Theses
Real-world perception of emotion results from the integration of multiple cues, most notably facial expression and affective prosody. The use of incongruent emotional stimuli presents an opportunity to study the interaction between sensory modalities. Thirty-seven participants were exposed to audio-visual stimuli (Robins & Schultz, 2004) including angry, fearful, happy, and neutral presentations. Eighty stimuli contain matching emotions and 240 contain incongruent emotional cues. Matching emotions elicited a significant number of correct responses for all four emotions. Sign tests indicated that for most incongruent conditions, participants demonstrated a bias towards the visual modality. Despite these findings, specific incongruent conditions did show …
Chemosensory And Steroid-Responsive Regions Of The Medial Amygdala Regulate Distinct Aspects Of Opposite-Sex Odor Preference In Male Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus Auratus), Pamela M. Maras
Psychology Theses
In Syrian hamsters, sexual preference requires integration of chemosensory and steroid cues. Although data suggest that separate pathways within the brain process these two signals, the functional significance of this separation is not well understood. Within the medial amygdala, the anterior region (MEa) receives input from the olfactory bulbs, whereas the posterodorsal region (MEpd) is sensitive to steroid hormones. Lesions of either the MEa or MEpd eliminated preference to investigate female over male odors. Importantly, males with MEpd lesions displayed decreased attraction toward female odors, suggesting a decrease in sexual motivation. In contrast, males with MEa lesions displayed high levels …
Comparison Of High And Low Distraction For Pediatric Procedural Pain, Crystal Marie Stack Lim
Comparison Of High And Low Distraction For Pediatric Procedural Pain, Crystal Marie Stack Lim
Psychology Theses
Distraction is an effective pain management intervention and children’s coping styles are important to consider when designing interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine two movie distractions in children 3 to 11 years old receiving venipunctures and to evaluate the relations between the effectiveness of the interventions and coping styles. Results revealed no interaction and no main effects of condition or coping style. However, coping on caregiver-report of child pain approached significance. T-tests revealed significant differences between approach and avoidance coping styles, with children with an approach coping style experiencing significantly less pain compared to children with an …
Symptoms Of Autism In Children Referred For Early Intervention: Implications For Theory, Diagnosis, And Research, Lisa Daniell Wiggins
Symptoms Of Autism In Children Referred For Early Intervention: Implications For Theory, Diagnosis, And Research, Lisa Daniell Wiggins
Psychology Theses
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that affect social, communication, and behavioral development. Social impairments have been implicated as primary symptoms of ASD and communication impairments are often cited as initial concerns among parents. Yet there is an inconsistency in the literature regarding the existence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RR) in very young children (i.e., those younger than 4 years) with ASD and the association between RR and sensory dysfunction. The purpose of the current project was to identify social deficits that most distinguish very young children with ASD, assess whether RR are present in very young …
The Impact Of Depressive Personality Disorder On Treatment Outcome For Chronic Depression, Rachel Elizabeth Maddux
The Impact Of Depressive Personality Disorder On Treatment Outcome For Chronic Depression, Rachel Elizabeth Maddux
Psychology Theses
Our conceptualization and empirical understanding of the course of depression is beginning to change. This is largely a result of recent epidemiological and clinical data that suggest depression has a chronic course for many individuals. Treatment studies for chronic depression have found that response rates are consistently less robust than in studies of acute, episodic depression. As is such, investigators have begun to examine factors that impede treatment response among these patients. One such factor is the presence of comorbid Axis-II personality disorders. This study examined the moderating effects of Depressive Personality Disorder (DPD) on treatment outcome among 680 outpatients …
Attitudes And Behaviors Related To Filial Responsibility In Latino Youth: Variations By Birth Order, Gender, And Immigration Age, Anabel Alvarez
Attitudes And Behaviors Related To Filial Responsibility In Latino Youth: Variations By Birth Order, Gender, And Immigration Age, Anabel Alvarez
Psychology Theses
Filial responsibility and familism were examined among a sample of Latino youth through a number of diverse methods that included variable centered and person centered analyses. Effects of gender, birth order, and immigration age were examined. An exploratory principal components analysis of the Adolescent Filial Responsibility Questionnaire-Revised revealed that the most interpretable solution included five factors: fairness, chores, culture brokering, emotional tasks, and overburden. ANOVA analyses found significant main effects of birth order on culture brokering and chores, of gender on emotional tasks, and of immigration age on culture brokering. Cluster analysis identified five groups based on adolescents’ responses: traditional …
Making The Grade: Academic Achievement Among Latino Adolescents, Cathy Roche
Making The Grade: Academic Achievement Among Latino Adolescents, Cathy Roche
Psychology Theses
Academic achievement among Latino adolescents was examined to determine what contextual factors contribute to school success. ANCOVA analyses indicated that lower levels of perceived discrimination and a higher sense of school belonging were associated with better grades. Neighborhood social capital was not associated with school grades. More adaptation stress was associated with lower grades for US-reared students, but it was not associated with grades for more recent Latino immigrants. The findings suggest that discrimination, school belonging, and adaptation stress play an important role in academic achievement among Latino youth. They also suggest that immigrants may be more academically resilient than …
Verbal Learning And Memory Abilities In Children With Brain Tumors: The Role Of The Third Ventricle Region, Jackie L. Micklewright
Verbal Learning And Memory Abilities In Children With Brain Tumors: The Role Of The Third Ventricle Region, Jackie L. Micklewright
Psychology Theses
The third ventricle region houses several neuroanatomical structures that are primary components of the human memory system, and provides pathways through which these brain regions communicate with critical regions of the frontal and medial temporal lobes. Archival data was obtained for 42 children with cerebellar or third ventricle tumors, and was examined for tumor and treatment related confounds. Children with third ventricle tumors were hypothesized to exhibit; 1) better performance on a measure of auditory attention, 2) greater impairment in learning across trials, 3) greater memory loss over a 20-minute delay, and 4) greater impairment across delayed memory tests than …
Interviewing Pre-School Age Victims Of Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Methods And Disclosure Outcomes, Sarah E. Dunn
Interviewing Pre-School Age Victims Of Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Methods And Disclosure Outcomes, Sarah E. Dunn
Psychology Theses
Disclosure rates among pre-school age victims of alleged sexual abuse were related to the type of investigative interview (forensic evaluation or forensic interview) that they received following a report of abuse. Variables expected to affect the likelihood of the child making a valid disclosure of sexual abuse including the relationship of the child to the offender and the severity of the abuse were also examined. The results indicated that children who underwent a structured, one-time 30 minute forensic interview were significantly less likely to make a valid disclosure of sexual abuse than children who underwent a semi-structured, therapeutic style evaluation …
Temperament, Joint Engagement, And Language Skills In Toddlers, Nicolle Angeli
Temperament, Joint Engagement, And Language Skills In Toddlers, Nicolle Angeli
Psychology Theses
This study investigated how emotion-regulation would moderate the relationship between shyness and joint engagement and how joint engagement would mediate the relationship between shyness and language skills. Fifty-three mother-child dyads were observed in the laboratory according to the Communication Play Protocol (Adamson & Bakeman, 1999) when the toddlers were 24 and 30 months of age. Mothers completed the Temperament Behavior Assessment Questionnaire-Revised (Rothbart & Goldsmith, unpublished). Toddlers also completed the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III; Dunn & Dunn, 1997) and Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT; Williams, 1997). The relationship between shyness and the percentage of time spent in non-symbol-infused coordinated joint …