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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
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The Politics Of Renewable Power In Spain, John S. Duffield
The Politics Of Renewable Power In Spain, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
Government support for renewable power in Spain has varied over time. After fostering a boom in the first decade of the 2000s, public support dried up in the early 2010s before making a reappearance in the last several years. This paper details and explains the fluctuating political fortunes of renewable power in Spain. It argues that the recent revival of support for renewable power should no come as no surprise. Rather, it reflects a reassertion of the underlying imperatives that prompted support by governments of different parties in previous years. Nevertheless, the role of government in promoting renewable power is …
Japanese Energy Policy After Fukushima Daiichi: Nuclear Ambivalence, John S. Duffield
Japanese Energy Policy After Fukushima Daiichi: Nuclear Ambivalence, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Resilience By Other Means: The Potential Benefits Of Alternative Government Investments In U.S. Energy Security, John S. Duffield
Resilience By Other Means: The Potential Benefits Of Alternative Government Investments In U.S. Energy Security, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
South Korea’S National Energy Plan Six Years On, John S. Duffield
South Korea’S National Energy Plan Six Years On, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
In 2008, South Korea adopted ambitious targets for reducing its dependence on energy imports and its carbon emissions simultaneously. The first National Energy Plan called for cutting energy intensity by nearly half and reducing the country’s dependence on imported fossil fuels by more than one quarter by 2030. Fossil fuels would be replaced by nuclear power and renewable sources of energy, which together would meet nearly 40 percent of South Korea’s energy needs. The achievement of these targets has been impeded by a number of obstacles, however. In response, the government has adjusted its goals, most recently with the adoption …
Possessive Individualism At 50: Retrieving Macpherson’S Lost Legacy, Peter Lindsay
Possessive Individualism At 50: Retrieving Macpherson’S Lost Legacy, Peter Lindsay
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Fragmented Legislatures And The Budget: Analyzing Presidential Democracies, Charles R. Hankla
Fragmented Legislatures And The Budget: Analyzing Presidential Democracies, Charles R. Hankla
Political Science Faculty Publications
What impact does party fragmentation have on the likelihood of democracies to run a fiscal deficit? Past research is almost unanimous in finding that as the number of parties in a country's legislature or government grows, so does its probability of overspending. However, this finding is based largely on parliamentary systems, and there is no reason to believe that it should hold when executives are independent. In this article, I develop a theory for the impact of legislative fragmentation on budgetary politics in presidential democracies. I argue that unified presidential systems should tend most toward fiscal solvency but that increasing …
Rethinking The Political Economy Of Decentralization: How Elections And Parties Shape The Provision Of Local Public Goods, Raúl A. Ponce Rodriguez, Charles R. Hankla, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, Eunice Heridia-Ortiz
Rethinking The Political Economy Of Decentralization: How Elections And Parties Shape The Provision Of Local Public Goods, Raúl A. Ponce Rodriguez, Charles R. Hankla, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, Eunice Heridia-Ortiz
Political Science Faculty Publications
We investigate which political institutions will improve the delivery of public goods in decentralized systems. We begin with a formal extension of Oates’ influential “decentralization theorem” to include the presence of inter-jurisdictional spillovers. Our new model, which we term the “strong decentralization theorem,” indicates that, when spillovers are present, the impact of decentralization will depend on the structure of a country’s political system. More specifically, our model suggests that the interaction of democratic decentralization (the presence of popularly elected sub-national governments) and party centralization (the power of national party leaders over sub-national office-seekers) will produce the best outcomes. To test …
Alliances, John S. Duffield
Alliances, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
This chapter explores the concept and theories of alliances, paying particular attention to the question of alliance persistence and disintegration. After discussing what alliances are, the chapter surveys the scholarly literature on why alliances form and fall apart. It then reviews the somewhat puzzling case of NATO, which many observers expected would not long outlive the Cold War. The chapter asks how well existing theories explain NATO’s persistence and concludes with theoretically-informed observations about the alliance’s future prospects.
Oil And The Decision To Invade Iraq, John S. Duffield
Oil And The Decision To Invade Iraq, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
What role did oil play in the decision to invade Iraq in 2003? We still do not know exactly why the Bush administration went to war against Iraq, and we may never know. Certainly, no compelling evidence, either in the form of declassified documents or participants’ memoirs, has yet emerged indicating that oil was a prominent factor or constant consideration in the thinking of decisionmakers within the Bush administration. But oil is nevertheless critical to understanding the decision to invade Iraq and remove Saddam Hussein from power. Oil did not make a U.S. war against Iraq inevitable. But it did …
The Return Of Energy Insecurity In The Developed Democracies, John S. Duffield
The Return Of Energy Insecurity In The Developed Democracies, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
During the past decade, concerns about energy security have reached levels not witnessed in the developed democracies since the 1970s and early 1980s. In good part because of such concerns, each of the largest of these countries – Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States – has conducted a major review of energy policy, initiated significant policy changes, or both. Also like the 1970s, recent years have seen a variety of proposals for international cooperation to promote energy security. This is where the similarities with the past largely end, however. In contrast to the earlier period, when the principal …
The Efficiency Of Institutions: Political Determinants Of Oil Consumption In Democracies, John S. Duffield, Charles R. Hankla
The Efficiency Of Institutions: Political Determinants Of Oil Consumption In Democracies, John S. Duffield, Charles R. Hankla
Political Science Faculty Publications
Oil consumption has varied significantly among democracies, but scholars have not systematically studied the political determinants of this variation. We examine the effects of political institutions on a democratic country’s propensity to consume oil. We argue that, other things being equal, more centralized national political institutions facilitate the adoption of policies that lower oil intensity. Our primary focus is on the impact of veto players, but we also consider electoral systems, party organization, and legislative-executive relations separately. We evaluate our hypotheses with a TSCS analysis of all democracies since the first oil shock in 1973 (contingent on data availability), and …
Taking Stock Of Eu Energy Policy, Vicki Birchfield, John S. Duffield
Taking Stock Of Eu Energy Policy, Vicki Birchfield, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Germany And Eu Energy Policy: Conflicted Champion Of Integration?, John S. Duffield, Kirsten Westphal
Germany And Eu Energy Policy: Conflicted Champion Of Integration?, John S. Duffield, Kirsten Westphal
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Upheaval In Eu Energy Policy, John S. Duffield, Vicki Birchfield
The Upheaval In Eu Energy Policy, John S. Duffield, Vicki Birchfield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Japan’S New Basic Energy Plan, John S. Duffield, Brian Woodall
Japan’S New Basic Energy Plan, John S. Duffield, Brian Woodall
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Energy And Security, John S. Duffield
Energy And Security, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Decentralization, Governance, And The Structure Of Local Political Institutions: Lessons For Reform?, Charles R. Hankla, William M. Downs
Decentralization, Governance, And The Structure Of Local Political Institutions: Lessons For Reform?, Charles R. Hankla, William M. Downs
Political Science Faculty Publications
Many governments are devolving power to elected local councils, hoping to improve service delivery and citizen representation by bringing officials closer to the people. While these decentralization reforms hold the promise of improved governance, they also present national and sub-national leaders with a complex array of options about how to structure newly empowered local political institutions. This article draws on cross-national experience and the latest research to identify the trade-offs inherent in structuring local political institutions. The study’s specific interest is in the impact of strong, locally elected councils on governance and representation. Proceeding from an empirical basis that competitive …
Germany And Energy Security In The 2000s: Rise And Fall Of A Policy Issue?, John S. Duffield
Germany And Energy Security In The 2000s: Rise And Fall Of A Policy Issue?, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
After some two decades of inattention, the issue of energy security once again moved to the top of the policy agenda in Germany in the mid-2000s. After briefly achieving renewed prominence, however, it was eclipsed in German energy policy, at least temporarily, by heightened concerns about climate change. This paper explains the re-emergence of concerns about energy insecurity in recent years as well as the reasons for their subsequent overshadowing. It describes and explains the steps that have been taken during this period to promote German energy security and analyzes their adequacy. The paper identifies a number of reasons to …
The Obama Presidency, Oil, And The Middle East, John S. Duffield
The Obama Presidency, Oil, And The Middle East, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Multidimential Impact Of Proportionality: Electoral Districts And Deficit Spending, Charles Robert Hankla
The Multidimential Impact Of Proportionality: Electoral Districts And Deficit Spending, Charles Robert Hankla
Political Science Faculty Publications
Why might a democratically elected government choose to run a sustained fiscal deficit in the face of many potential drawbacks? In this paper, I contribute in two important ways to our understanding of the political causes of fiscal outcomes. First, I develop a theoretical argument that democracies with a few large districts will have greater political incentives to provide balanced budgets than democracies with many small districts. Second, I test my theory (and, preliminarily, other theories) with a much broader empirical model than those generally used in the literature. The project helps bring to light the multidimensional impact of electoral …
Iraq The Vote: Retrospective And Prospective Foreign Policy Judgments On Candidate Choice And Casualty Tolerance, Jason Reifler, Christopher Gelpi, Peter Feaver
Iraq The Vote: Retrospective And Prospective Foreign Policy Judgments On Candidate Choice And Casualty Tolerance, Jason Reifler, Christopher Gelpi, Peter Feaver
Political Science Faculty Publications
In this article, we model the effect of foreign policy attitudes on both vote choice and casualty tolerance, using survey data collected during the 2004 election. We show that prospective judgments of the likelihood of success in Iraq and retrospective judgments of whether the war in Iraq was right are significant determinants of both vote choice and casualty tolerance. The prospective judgment of success is key in predicting casualty tolerance, while retrospective judgment of whether the war was right takes precedence in determining vote choice. In addition, there is an important interaction between the two variables, so the effect of …
What Are International Institutions, John S. Duffield
What Are International Institutions, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
International institutions are a central focus of international relations scholarship as well as of policymaking efforts around the world. Despite their importance, our scholarly literature lacks a widely accepted definition of just what they are. Instead, scholars have employed a range of largely nonoverlapping conceptions, contributing to a fragmentation of the literature and hindering theoretical cumulation. This essay seeks to remedy this unsatisfactory state of affairs. It first reviews the principal ways in which international institutions have been conceptualized and identifies their shortcomings. It then develops a definition that promises to be inclusive of what are commonly regarded as the …
Casualties, Polls, And The Iraq War, Jason Reifler, Christopher Gelpi
Casualties, Polls, And The Iraq War, Jason Reifler, Christopher Gelpi
Political Science Faculty Publications
In their article “Success Matters: Casualty Sensitivity and the War in Iraq,” Christopher Gelpi, Peter Feaver, and Jason Reifler attempt to flush out the relationship between public opinion and the use of force as it pertains to the Iraq war.1 The authors promote the following proposition: “Our thesis is that expectations of future success are the key determinants of public casualty tolerance. That is, the U.S. public can accept that the war is not yet won and will involve continued and even mounting costs, provided that events thus far are not convincing it that eventual success is impossible” (p. 24). …
Parties And Patronage: A Comparative Analysis Of The Indian Case, Charles Robert Hankla
Parties And Patronage: A Comparative Analysis Of The Indian Case, Charles Robert Hankla
Political Science Faculty Publications
What political factors influence the allocation of economic patronage in democracies? Answering this question is vital to improving our knowledge of how states and markets interact. In this paper, I argue that changing levels of party centralization can drive important changes in the allocation of state largess. When governing parties are centralized, national party leaders will control sources of patronage, targeting benefits to particularly influential regions and industries. By contrast, when governing parties are decentralized, influential sub-national party leaders will advocate for their constituents, allocating patronage evenly through a national logroll. I find evidence for these relationships by comparing India's …
Foreign Policy And The Electoral Connection, John Aldrich, Christopher Gelpi, Peter D. Feaver, Jason Reifler, Kristin Thompson Sharp
Foreign Policy And The Electoral Connection, John Aldrich, Christopher Gelpi, Peter D. Feaver, Jason Reifler, Kristin Thompson Sharp
Political Science Faculty Publications
Public opinion is central to representation, democratic accountability, and decision making. Yet, the public was long believed to be relatively uninterested in foreign affairs, absent an immediate threat to safety and welfare. It had become conventional to say that "voting ends at water's edge." We start the examination of the scholarly understanding of the role of foreign affairs in public opinion and voting at that low point of view. Much subsequent development saw an increasing degree of holding and using of attitudes and beliefs about foreign affairs among the public. Moving in parallel with developments in political psychology, theoretical and …
A View From The Top: International Politics, Norms And The Worldwide Growth Of Ngos, Kim D. Reimann
A View From The Top: International Politics, Norms And The Worldwide Growth Of Ngos, Kim D. Reimann
Political Science Faculty Publications
This article provides a "top-down" explanation for the rapid growth of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the postwar period, focusing on two aspects of political globalization. First, I argue that international political opportunities in the form of funding and political access have expanded enormously in the postwar period and provided a structural environment highly conducive to NGO growth. Secondly, I present a norm-based argument and trace the rise of a pro-NGO norm in the 1980s and 1990s among donor states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), which has actively promoted the spread of NGOs to non-Western countries. The article ends with a brief …
Party Strength And International Trade: A Cross National Analysis, Charles Robert Hankla
Party Strength And International Trade: A Cross National Analysis, Charles Robert Hankla
Political Science Faculty Publications
We know from observation that some democracies intervene deeply in their domestic economies while others adopt a more laissez faire approach. Can we explain these differences solely with ideology, or are other political influences also at work? I argue in this paper that elected leaders sometimes opt for hefty economic regulation purely to generate sources of patronage that can be used to maintain their political positions. Leaders are most tempted to take this approach, I contend, when their political parties are not stably linked to sources of electoral support. Unstably linked governing parties will tend to have very short time …
Party Linkages And Economic Policy: An Examination Of Indira Gandhi’S India, Charles R. Hankla
Party Linkages And Economic Policy: An Examination Of Indira Gandhi’S India, Charles R. Hankla
Political Science Faculty Publications
We know from observation that some democracies intervene deeply in their domestic economies while others adopt a more laissez faire approach. Can we explain these differences solely with ideology, or are other political influences also at work? I argue in this paper that elected leaders sometimes opt for hefty economic regulation purely to generate sources of patronage that can be used to maintain their political positions. Leaders are most tempted to take this approach, I contend, when their political parties are not stably linked to sources of electoral support. Unstably linked governing parties will tend to have very short time …
Success Matters: Casualty Sensitivity And The War In Iraq", Jason Reifler, Christopher Gelpi, Peter Feaver
Success Matters: Casualty Sensitivity And The War In Iraq", Jason Reifler, Christopher Gelpi, Peter Feaver
Political Science Faculty Publications
In this article, we argue that the public will tolerate significant numbers of U.S. combat casualties under certain circumstances. To be sure, the public is not indifferent to the human costs of American foreign policy, but casualties have not by themselves driven public attitudes toward the Iraq war, and mounting casualties have not always produced a reduction in public support. The Iraq case suggests that under the right conditions, the public will continue to support military operations even when they come with a relatively high human cost. Our core argument is that the U.S. public’s tolerance for the human costs …
International Security Institutions: Rules, Tools, Schools, Or Fools?, John S. Duffield
International Security Institutions: Rules, Tools, Schools, Or Fools?, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.