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Ctrp3 And Serum Triglycerides In Children Aged 7-10 Years, Arsham Alamian, Jo Ann Marrs, W. Andrew Clark, Kristy L. Thomas, Jonathan M. Peterson

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction The prevalence of obesity-related disorders has been steadily increasing over the past couple of decades. Diseases that were once only detected in adults are now prevalent in children, such as hyperlipidemia. The adipose tissue-derived hormonal factor C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) has been linked to triglyceride regulation especially in animal models. However, the relationship between circulating CTRP3 levels and obesity-related disorders in human subjects …

Intermittent Fasting After Spinal Cord Injury Does Not Improve The Recovery Of Baroreflex Regulation In The Rat, Matthew R. Zahner, Eric Beaumont

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Modest recovery of somatic function after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) has been widely demonstrated. Recently we have shown that spontaneous recovery of baroreflex regulation of sympathetic activity also occurs in rats. Dietary restriction in the form of every other day fasting (EODF) has been shown to have beneficial effects on the recovery of motor function after SCI in rats. The goal of this study was to determine if EODF augments the improvement of baroreflex regulation of sympathetic activity after chronic left thoracic (T8) surgical spinal hemisection. To determine this, we performed baroreflex tests on ad-lib fed or EODF rats …

Is The Positive Association Between Middle-Income And Rich Household Wealth And Adult Sub-Saharan African Women's Overweight Status Modified By The Level Of Education Attainment? A Cross-Sectional Study Of 22 Countries, Ifeoma Ozodiegwu, Henry V. Doctor, Megan Quinn, Laina D. Mercer, Ogbebor Enaholo Omoike, Hadii M. Mamudu

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BACKGROUND: Previous studies show a positive association between household wealth and overweight in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries; however, the manner in which this relationship differs in the presence of educational attainment has not been well-established. This study examined the multiplicative effect modification of educational attainment on the association between middle-income and rich household wealth and overweight status among adult females in 22 SSA countries. We hypothesized that household wealth was associated with a greater likelihood of being overweight among middle income and rich women with lower levels of educational attainment compared to those with higher levels of educational attainment. METHODS: …

Smokefree Home Rules And Cigarette Smoking Intensity Among Smokers In Different Stages Of Smoking Cessation From 20 Low-And-Middle Income Countries, Daniel Owusu, Megan Quinn, Kesheng Wang, Faustine Williams, Hadii M. Mamudu

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Smokefree environment created by smokefree policies is associated with smoking reduction; however, there is paucity of literature on the relationship between smokefree home rules and smoking intensity in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), and how smokefree policy affects smoking behavior of smokers at different stages of smoking cessation. This study examined the relationship between smokefree home rules and average number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers at different stages of the transtheoretical model (TTM) of change. Data from 18,718 current daily cigarette smokers from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted from 2011 to 2017 in 20 LMICs …

Structure Of An Inner Membrane Protein Required For Phopq-Regulated Increases In Outer Membrane Cardiolipin, Junping Fan, Erik M. Petersen, Thomas R. Hinds, Ning Zheng, Samuel I. Miller

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The Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium PhoPQ two-component system is activated within the intracellular phagosome environment, where it promotes remodeling of the outer membrane and resistance to innate immune antimicrobial peptides. Maintenance of the PhoPQ-regulated outer membrane barrier requires PbgA, an inner membrane protein with a transmembrane domain essential for growth, and a periplasmic domain required for PhoPQ-activated increases in outer membrane cardiolipin. Here, we report the crystal structure of cardiolipin-bound PbgA, adopting a novel transmembrane fold that features a cardiolipin binding site in close proximity to a long and deep cleft spanning the lipid bilayer. The end of …

Muscle Regulates Mtor Dependent Axonal Local Translation In Motor Neurons Via Ctrp3 Secretion: Implications For A Neuromuscular Disorder, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Wiebke A. Rehorst, Maximilian P. Thelen, Hendrik Nolte, Clara Türk, Sebahattin Cirak, Jonathan M. Peterson, G. William Wong, Brunhilde Wirth, Marcus Krüger, Dominic Winter, Min Jeong Kye

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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder, which causes dysfunction/loss of lower motor neurons and muscle weakness as well as atrophy. While SMA is primarily considered as a motor neuron disease, recent data suggests that survival motor neuron (SMN) deficiency in muscle causes intrinsic defects. We systematically profiled secreted proteins from control and SMN deficient muscle cells with two combined metabolic labeling methods and mass spectrometry. From the screening, we found lower levels of C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) in the SMA muscle secretome and confirmed that CTRP3 levels are indeed reduced in muscle tissues and serum of an …

A Qualitative Research Synthesis Of Contextual Factors Contributing To Female Overweight And Obesity Over The Life Course In Sub-Saharan Africa, Ifeoma Ozodiegwu, Mary Ann Littleton, Christian Nwabueze, Oluwaseun Famojuro, Megan Quinn, Rick L. Wallace, Hadii M. Mamudu

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Objective: Adult women are disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Existing evidence on the sociocultural context remains unconsolidated. In this qualitative research synthesis, we aggregate research literature on contextual factors that potentially predispose adult women and adolescent girls to overweight and obesity to inform research, policies and programs over the life course.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ProQuest Central, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to locate qualitative research articles conducted in SSA countries beginning in the year 2000. After assessment for eligibility and critical appraisal, 17 studies were included in the synthesis. Textual data …

The Influence Of Maternal Body Mass Index And Physical Activity On Select Cardiovascular Risk Factors Of Preadolescent Hispanic Children, Basil A. Alhassan, Ying Liu, Deborah Slawson, Jonathan M. Peterson, Jo-Ann Marrs, William A. Clark, Arsham Alamian

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Background. Maternal obesity and physical inactivity have been identified as correlates of overweight and obesity and physical inactivity in older preadolescents; however, no study has explored this relationship in Hispanic preadolescents. Furthermore, the relation between maternal physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in Hispanic preadolescents has not been examined. Purpose. This study aimed to assess the associations between Hispanic mothers’ PA and body mass index (BMI) and their preadolescents’ PA, screen time, BP, and BMI. Methods. Data of 118 mother-child (aged 2–10 years) dyads enrolled in a crosssectional study of metabolic syndrome in Hispanic preadolescents at a community health …

An Inhibitory Compound Produced By A Soil Isolate Of Rhodococcus Has Strong Activity Against The Veterinary Pathogen R. Equi, Amber L. Ward, Pushpavathi Reddyvari, Ralitsa Borisova, Abbas G. Shilabin, Bert C. Lampson

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Complete genome sequencing of dozens of strains of the soil bacterium Rhodococcus has revealed the presence of many cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters, presumably dedicated to the production of small molecules. This has sparked a renewed interest in this underex-plored member of the Actinobacteria as a potential source of new bioactive compounds. Reported here is the discovery of a potent inhibitory molecule produced by a newly isolated …

The Sex Specific Effect Of Alcohol Consumption On Circulating Levels Of Ctrp3, Ashley R. Degroat, Christina K. Fleming, Samantha M. Dunlay, Kendra L. Hagood, Jonathan P. Moorman, Jonathan M. Peterson

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The goal of this project was to establish the effect of alcohol consumption on the circulating levels of the adipose tissue derived protein C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3). Adipose tissue secretes several adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, which exert a multitude of biological effects important for human health. However, adipose tissue is extremely sensitive to alcohol consumption, leading not only to disrupted fat storage, …

Nf2 Signaling Pathway Plays A Pro-Apoptotic Role In Β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulated Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis, Suman Dalal, Barbara Connelly, Mahipal Singh, Krishna Singh

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This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation induces cardiac myocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) is a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and sumoylation affect NF2 activity, subcellular localization and function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that β-AR stimulation induces post-translational modifications of NF2, and NF2 plays a pro-apoptotic …

The Adipokine C1q Tnf Related Protein 3 (Ctrp3) Is Elevated In The Breast Milk Of Obese Mothers, Megan R. Kwon, Eileen M. Cress, W. Andrew Clark, Arsham Alamian, Yongke Lu, Jonathan M. Peterson

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Background C1q TNF related protein 3 (CTRP3) is a relatively novel hormonal factor primarily derived from adipose tissue and has anti-diabetic properties. To determine if CTRP3 could play a role in early childhood development, the purpose of this study was to establish the presence of CTRP3 in breast milk (BM) and to determine whether CTRP3 levels were correlated with pregravid obesity status of the mother. Methods Breast milk was collected from breast-feeding mothers who had a pregravid body mass index (BMI) classification of normal weight (BMI 18–25 kg/m2, n = 23) or obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2, n = 14). Immunoprecipitation …

Erratum: Author Correction: Midbrain Circuit Regulation Of Individual Alcohol Drinking Behaviors In Mice (Nature Communications (2017) 8 1 (2220)), Barbara Juarez, Carole Morel, Stacy M. Ku, Yutong Liu, Hongxing Zhang, Sarah Montgomery, Hilledna Gregoire, Efrain Ribeiro, Marshall Crumiller, Ciorana Roman-Ortiz, Jessica J. Walsh, Kelcy Jackson, Denise E. Croote, Yingbo Zhu, Song Zhang, Leandro F. Vendruscolo, Scott Edwards, Amanda Roberts, Georgia E. Hodes, Yongke Lu, Erin S. Calipari, Dipesh Chaudhury, Allyson K. Friedman, Ming Hu Han

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The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Scott Edwards, which was incorrectly given as Scott Edward. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

The Future Direction Of Inter-Professional Education In Ireland: Insights From Focus Groups With Key Stakeholders, Cathal Cadogan, Cristin Ryan, Paul Gallagher, Helena Kelly, Catriona Bradley, Wilsie Bishop, Brian Cross, Larry Calhoun, Mckenzie Calhoun, Debbie C. Byrd, Reid B. Blackwelder, Judith Strawbridge

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Rationale: An inter-professional education (IPE) masterclass symposium titled, ‘The journey to team-based healthcare’, was jointly hosted by the School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), the Irish Institute of Pharmacy and the Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy in East Tennessee State University in May 2017. The masterclass provided a comprehensive overview of IPE initiatives based on the extensive experience of senior academics from the host institutions, which included staff from pharmacy, nursing and medicine. The masterclass was attended by healthcare professionals, policy makers and educationalists working in Ireland. As part of the symposium, focus groups were conducted …

The Rise Of Noncommunicable Diseases In Kenya: An Examination Of The Time Trends And Contribution Of The Changes In Diet And Physical Inactivity, Edward Michieka Onyango, Benjamin Moranga Onyango

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This study examined correlations of historical changes in diet and physical inactivity with the rise of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Kenya. Historical data on diet, wage jobs by industry, urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP), and morbidity due to NCDs were extracted from Kenya Statistical Abstracts, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT), and the World Bank online database. These data were plotted and correlations between these factors and the incidence of different NCDs over time were evaluated. There was a rapid rise in the incidence of circulatory disease starting in 2001, and of hypertension and diabetes starting in 2008. The rise of …

Midbrain Circuit Regulation Of Individual Alcohol Drinking Behaviors In Mice, Barbara Juarez, Carole Morel, Stacy M. Ku, Yutong Liu, Hongxing Zhang, Sarah Montgomery, Hilledna Gregoire, Efrain Ribeiro, Marshall Crumiller, Ciorana Roman-Ortiz, Jessica J. Walsh, Kelcy Jackson, Denise E. Croote, Yingbo Zhu, Song Zhang, Leandro F. Vendruscolo, Scott Edward, Amanda Roberts, Georgia E. Hodes, Yongke Lu, Erin S. Calipari, Dipesh Chaudhury, Allyson K. Friedman, Ming Hu Han

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Alcohol-use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance-use disorder worldwide. There is substantial individual variability in alcohol drinking behaviors in the population, the neural circuit mechanisms of which remain elusive. Utilizing in vivo electrophysiological techniques, we find that low alcohol drinking (LAD) mice have dramatically higher ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron firing and burst activity. Unexpectedly, VTA dopamine neuron activity in high alcohol drinking (HAD) mice does not differ from alcohol naive mice. Optogenetically enhancing VTA dopamine neuron burst activity in HAD mice decreases alcohol drinking behaviors. Circuit-specific recordings reveal that spontaneous activity of nucleus accumbens-projecting VTA (VTA-NAc) neurons …

Divergent Relationship Of Circulating Ctrp3 Levels Between Obesity And Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study, Roy Marshall Wagner, Kamesh Sivagnanam, W. Andrew Clark, Jonathan M. Peterson

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C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a novel adipose tissue derived secreted factor, or adipokine, which has been linked to a number of beneficial biological effects on metabolism, inflammation, and survival signaling in a variety of tissues. However, very little is known about CTRP3 in regards to human health. The purpose of this project was to examine circulating CTRP3 levels in a clinical population, patients with symptoms requiring heart catheterization in order to identify the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). It was hypothesized that serum CTRP3 levels would be decreased in the presence of CAD.

Methods

Body …

Identification Of Putative Receptors For The Novel Adipokine Ctrp3 Using Ligand-Receptor Capture Technology, Ying Li, Tammy Ozment, Gary L. Wright, Jonathan M. Peterson

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C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a member of a family of secreted proteins that exert a multitude of biological effects. Our initial work identified CTRP3’s promise as an effective treatment for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Specifically, we demonstrated that mice fed a high fat diet failed to develop NAFLD when treated with CTRP3. The purpose of this current project is to identify putative receptors which mediate the hepatic actions of CTRP3.

Methods

We used Ligand-receptor glycocapture technology with TriCEPS™-based ligand-receptor capture (LRC-TriCEPS; Dualsystems Biotech AG). The LRC-TriCEPS experiment with CTRP3-FLAG protein as ligand and insulin as a …

Immunomodulatory Roles Of Ctrp3 In Endotoxemia And Metabolic Stress, Pia S. Petersen, Risa M. Wolf, Xia Lei, Jonathan M. Peterson, G. William Wong

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C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is a secreted hormone that modulates hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Its circulating levels are reduced in human and rodent models of obesity, a metabolic state accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory role for recombinant CTRP3 in attenuating LPS-induced systemic inflammation, and its deficiency markedly exacerbates inflammation in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. We used genetic mouse models to explore the immunomodulatory function of CTRP3 in response to acute (LPS challenge) and chronic (high-fat diet) inflammatory stimuli. In a sublethal dose of LPS challenge, neither CTRP3 deficiency nor its overexpression …

Addressing Racial Disparities In Breast Cancer Treatment Delays: An Application Of Group Model Building (Gmb), Faustine Williams, Nancy Zoellner, Maisha Flannel, L. Noel, J. Habif, P. Hovmand, Sarah Gehlert

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No abstract provided.

Effect Of Obesity And Exercise On The Expression Of The Novel Myokines, Myonectin And Fibronectin Type Iii Domain Containing 5, Jonathan M. Peterson, Ryan Mart, Cherie E. Bond

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Metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise training has long been established as an effective means to directly restore skeletal muscle glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism. However, in addition to the direct effects of skeletal muscle on glucose and lipids, there is renewed interest in the ability of skeletal muscle to coordinate metabolic activity of other tissues, such as adipose tissue and liver. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of endurance exercise on the expression level of two novel muscle-derived secreted factors, or myokines, …

Ctrp2 Overexpression Improves Insulin And Lipid Tolerance In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Jonathan M. Peterson, Marcus M. Seldin, Stefanie Y. Tan, G. William Wong

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CTRP2 is a secreted plasma protein of the C1q family that enhances glycogen deposition and fat oxidation in cultured myotubes. Its in vivo metabolic function, however, has not been established. We show here that acute and chronic metabolic perturbations induced by fasting or high-fat feeding up-regulated the mRNA expression of Ctrp2 in white adipose tissue without affecting its circulating plasma levels. We generated a transgenic mouse model with elevated circulating levels of CTRP2 to determine its metabolic function in vivo. When fed a low-fat diet, wild-type and CTRP2 transgenic mice exhibited no metabolic phenotypes. When challenged with a high-fat diet …

Deficiency Of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase Delays Inflammatory Response In The Heart Following Myocardial Infarction, Laura L. Daniel, Christopher R. Daniels, Saghar Harirforoosh, Cerrone R. Foster, Mahipal Singh, Krishna Singh

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Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia results from mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) gene. We recently reported that ATM deficiency attenuates left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and dilatation 7 days after myocardial infarction (MI) with increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of ATM in the induction of inflammatory response, and activation of survival signaling molecules in the heart acute post-MI.

Methods and Results: LV structure, function, inflammatory response, and biochemical parameters were measured in wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice 1 and 3 days post-MI. ATM deficiency had no effect on infarct size. MI-induced decline in heart function, …

Cilostazol Prevents Endothelin-Induced Smooth Muscle Constriction And Proliferation, Yoshifumi Kawanabe, Maki Takahashi, Xingjian Jin, Shakila Abdul-Majeed, Andromeda M. Nauli, Youssef Sari, Surya M. Nauli

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Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit platelet activation. Endothelin is known to be the most potent endogenous growth promoting and vasoactive peptide. In patients and animal models with stroke, the level of circulating endothelin increases and complicates the recovery progress contributed by vascular constriction (an immediate pathology) and vascular proliferation (a long-term pathology). However, the effects of cilostazol on endothelin have not been explored. To demonstrate the dual-antagonizing effects of cilostazol on vasoconstriction and cell proliferation induced by endothelin, we used primary culture of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, mouse femoral artery ex …

Anaphylactic Reactions To Oligosaccharides In Red Meat: A Syndrome In Evolution, Hana Saleh, Scott Embry, Andromeda Nauli, Seif Atyia, Guha Krishnaswamy

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Objective: While most allergic responses to food are directed against protein epitopes and occur within 30 minutes of ingesting the allergen, recent studies suggest that delayed reactions may occur, sometimes mediated by IgE antibodies directed against carbohydrate moieties. The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical features and management of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to mammalian meat mediated by IgE antibodies to galactose-alpha 1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), an oligosaccharide.Methods: A PubMed search was conducted with MeSH terms: galactosyl-(1,3) galactose, oligosaccharides, cetuximab, allergy/hypersensitivity, and anaphylaxis. Reported cases with alpha-gal-mediated reactions were reviewed. This research study was approved by the Institutional Review Board …

Electrocardiography May Be A Useful Tool In The Diagnosis Of Early Mild Canine Heartworm Disease, Edward M. Onyango

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This study was carried out to determine the usefulness of standard electrocardiography for the diagnosis of early canine heartworm disease. Baseline electrocardiograms were recorded in 12 dogs. Thirty artificial Dirofilaria immitis worms were inserted in the pulmonary artery of each dog. New electrocardiograms were recorded on days 1-4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 after insertion of worms. A significant attenuation of amplitude of Q wave in lead I was recorded on days 1-4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; of R wave in lead II on days 21, 28 and 35; and of S wave in lead aVR on …

Osteopontin: Role In Extracellular Matrix Deposition And Myocardial Remodeling Post-Mi, Mahipal Singh, Cerrone R. Foster, Suman Dalal, Krishna Singh

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Remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) associates with left ventricular (LV) dilation, decreased cardiac function and increased mortality. The dynamic synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a significant role in myocardial remodeling post-MI. Expression of osteopontin (OPN) increases in the heart post-MI. Evidence has been provided that lack of OPN induces LV dilation which associates with decreased collagen synthesis and deposition. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, key players in ECM remodeling process post-MI, increased ECM deposition (fibrosis) and improved LV function in mice lacking OPN after MI. This review summarizes — 1) signaling pathways leading to increased expression of …

Effect Of Amino Acid Formulation And Dietary Direct-Fed Microbial Supplementation On Egg Production And Egg Characteristics In Laying Hens, T. J. Applegate, E. M. Onyango, R. Angel, W. J. Powers

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An experiment was conducted to determine whether direct-fed microbial supplementation could alleviate a marginal amino acid (AA) deficiency in Hyline 36 laying hens from 33 to 44 wk of age. The experiment was a 2 × 4 factorial design with or without a commercial directfed microbial (Primilac; 1.36 kg/1,000 kg) and 4 levels of AA formulation. Egg characteristics (yolk, albumen, or shell proportions and yolk or albumen solids) were not affected by diet. Primilac supplementation had no effect on egg production or egg mass. However, Primilac supplementation reduced feed intake-to-egg mass ratio by 2.4 and 3.4% from 33 to 36 …