Digital Commons Network^™

The End Of Intuition-Based High-Crime Areas, Ben Grunwald, Jeffrey Fagan

Faculty Scholarship

In 2000, the Supreme Court held in Illinois v. Wardlow that a suspect’s presence in a “high-crime area” is relevant in determining whether an officer has reasonable suspicion to conduct an investigative stop. Despite the importance of the decision, the Court provided no guidance about what that standard means, and over fifteen years later, we still have no idea how police officers understand and apply it in practice. This Article conducts the first empirical analysis of Wardlow by examining data on over two million investigative stops conducted by the New York Police Department from 2007 to 2012.

Our results suggest …

Resisting Wholesale Electronic Invasion Of The Fourth Amendment, Michael E. Tigar

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

How The Post-Framing Adoption Of The Bare-Probable-Cause Standard Drastically Expanded Government Arrest And Search Power, Thomas Y. Davies

Law and Contemporary Problems

Davies exposes a story that has been almost entirely overlooked: that the now-accepted doctrine that probable cause alone can justify a criminal arrest or search did not emerge until well after the framing of the Bill of Rights in 1789 and constituted a significant departure from the criminal-procedure standards that the Framers of the Bill thought they had preserved.

Reconceiving The Fourth Amendment And The Exclusionary Rule, Craig M. Bradley

Law and Contemporary Problems

Bradley discusses the Hudson and Herring decisions, the practices of other countries, and various previous suggestions for exclusionary-rule reform. Then, he sets forth a reconception of the exclusionary rule, as well as the constitutional principles that gave rise to it. These reconceptions suggest a roadmap to exclusionary reform that might reconcile the factions on the Court who strongly support and strongly oppose the current mandatory rule.

A Diversion Of Attention? Immigration Courts And The Adjudication Of Fourth And Fifth Amendment Rights, Jennifer M. Chacón

Duke Law Journal

Because of fundamental changes in the nature of immigration enforcement over the past decade, an increasing number of interactions between law enforcement agents and noncitizens in the United States are ultimately adjudicated not in criminal courts, but in immigration courts. Unfortunately, unlike the state and federal courts that have long performed an oversight function with regard to police activity, immigration courts were not designed to police the police. As a result, there are inadequate mechanisms in place to address many of the rights violations that are occurring in the context of immigration enforcement. This Article explores the procedural deficiencies of …

Corporal Punishment In The Public Schools: An Analysis Of Federal Constitutional Claims, Courtney Mitchell

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

The Ice Storm In U.S. Homes: An Urgent Call For Policy Change, Katherine Evans

Faculty Scholarship

Since its creation in 2003, the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has used increasingly aggressive tactics to enforce U.S. immigration law. One of ICE's most prominent enforcement initiatives is its practice of raiding the homes of immigrants. Accounts of home raids from victims all over the country reveal a pattern of practice that differs widely from ICE's official statements regarding raids. This paper establishes that although immigration officials are governed by the Fourth Amendment when conducting home raids, ICE's agents nonetheless regularly violate the Constitution when carrying out home raids. Additionally, this paper argues that the number and …

Paradigms Of Restraint, Erin Murphy

Duke Law Journal

Incapacitation of dangerous individuals has conventionally entailed the exercise of physical control over an actual body: the state confines the person in jail. But advances in technology have changed that convention. A variety of new technologies-such as GPS tracking bracelets, biometric scanners, online offender indexes, and DNA databases-give the government power to control dangerous persons without relying on any exertion of physical control. The government can track the location of a person in real time, receive remote notification that an individual has ingested alcohol, or electronically zone someone into a home or out of a public park. It can prove …

Racial Auditors And The Fourth Amendment: Data With The Power To Inspire Political Action, Andrew E. Taslitz

Law and Contemporary Problems

Taslitz discusses the current practice of racial auditing as a method of police regulation. Racial auditing relies on the strategy of using independent investigators to disseminate data about an organization to broader publics. Racial auditors, however, are not accountants but rather human rights organizations.

The Fourth Amendment In The Twenty-First Century: Technology, Privacy, And Human Emotions, Andrew E. Taslitz

Law and Contemporary Problems

Police and local political officials in Tampa FL argued that the FaceIt system promotes safety, but privacy advocates objected to the city's recording or utilizing facial images without the victims' consent, some staging protests against the FaceIt system. Privacy objects seem to be far more widely shared than this small protest might suggest.

Why Modest Proposals Offer The Best Solution For Combating Racial Profiling, Sean P. Trende

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel Charles

Faculty Scholarship

The problems of public housing-including crime, drugs, and gun violence- have received an enormous amount of national attention. Much attention has also focused on warrantless searches and consent searches as solutions to these problems. This Note addresses the constitutionality of these proposals and asserts that if the Supreme Court's current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is taken to its logical extremes, warrantless searches in public housing can be found constitutional. The author argues, however, that such an interpretation fails to strike the proper balance between public need and privacy in the public housing context. The Note concludes by proposing alternative consent-based regimes …

The Rights Of Persons Accused Of Crime Under The Canadian Constitution: A Comparative Perspective, A. Kenneth Pye

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

Other Answers: Search And Seizure, Coerced Confession And Criminal Trial In Scotland, Paul Hardin Iii

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.