Digital Commons Network^™

Horses Damp The Spring In Their Step, Alan M. Wilson, M. Polly Mcguigan, Anne Su, Antonie J. Van Den Bogert

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle–tendon units^{1, 2}.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints^{3, 4}. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle^{5 …}

Institutional Constraints And Policy Choice: An Exploration Of Local Governance, By J.C. Clingermayer And R.C. Feiock, David R. Elkins

Political Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Semiclassical Scattering Of An Electric Dipole Source Inside A Spherical Particle, James A. Lock

Physics Faculty Publications

Semiclassical scattering phenomena appearing in the far-zone scattered intensity of a point source of electromagnetic radiation inside a spherical particle are examined in the context of both ray theory and wave theory, and the evolution of the phenomena is studied as a function of source position. A number of semiclassical effects that do not occur for plane-wave scattering by the sphere appear prominently for scattering by an interior source. These include a series of scattering resonances and a new family of rainbows in regions of otherwise total internal reflection. Diffractive effects accompanying the semiclassical phenomena are also examined. (C) 2001 …

Exploring Racial Variations In The Spousal Sex Ratio Of Killing, Wendy C. Regoeczi

Sociology & Criminology Faculty Publications

The following article examines differences in the social situation of intimate partners as an explanation of racial differences in the female to male ratio of spousal homicides in Canada. An analysis of homicide data from 1961 to 1983 generated by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics reveals that the ratio of women killing their husbands to men killing their wives is highest for Aboriginals and lowest for Blacks, with the ratio for Whites falling in between. The possible sources of racial differences in this ratio include the proportion of couples (a) in common-law relationships, (b) who are co-residing as opposed …

The Effect Of Thermal Stress On The Mating Behavior Of Three Drosophila Species, Zachary J. Patton, Robert A. Krebs

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

Selection may act on the weakest link in fitness to change how a species adapts to an environmental stress. For many species, this limitation may be reproduction. After adult Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans, and Drosophila mojavensis males were exposed to varying levels of thermal stress well below those that endanger life, courtship and mating frequency declined. The regression coefficients of both courtship and mating success did not differ significantly between D. melanogaster and D. simulans males. In contrast, significant differences were present between the two cosmopolitan species and D. mojavensis. Courtship frequency decreased at a much slower rate in D. …

Distributed Fault Tolerance In Optimal Interpolative Nets, Daniel J. Simon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The recursive training algorithm for the optimal interpolative (OI) classification network is extended to include distributed fault tolerance. The conventional OI Net learning algorithm leads to network weights that are nonoptimally distributed (in the sense of fault tolerance). Fault tolerance is becoming an increasingly important factor in hardware implementations of neural networks. But fault tolerance is often taken for granted in neural networks rather than being explicitly accounted for in the architecture or learning algorithm. In addition, when fault tolerance is considered, it is often accounted for using an unrealistic fault model (e.g., neurons that are stuck on or off …

Design And Construction Of A Space-Borne Optical Tweezer Apparatus, Andrew Resnick

Physics Faculty Publications

A compact optical tweezer package has been developed for use on a microscope to be flown on the International Space Station as part of a series of experiments in colloid crystallization. A brief introduction to the principles of single-beam optical tweezer operation will be presented, after which a detailed system layout will be shown. Special design requirements due to the spaceflight nature of the hardware will also be discussed. The tweezer apparatus is capable of trapping many particles through use of a two-axis acousto-optical deflector. The trap strength is sufficient to perform the required science (50 pN at Δn=0.2). The …

2001 Scholars And Artists Bibliography, Michael Schwartz Library, Cleveland State University, Friends Of The Michael Schwartz Library

Scholars and Artists Bibliographies

This bibliography was created for the annual Friends of the Michael Schwartz Library Scholars and Artists Reception, recognizing scholarly and creative achievements of Cleveland State University faculty, staff and emeriti

Simultaneous Determination Of Enantiomers Of Structurally Related Anticholinergic Analogs In Human Serum By Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry With On-Line Sample Cleanup, Vladimı́R Čápka, Yan Xu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Trihexyphenidyl, biperiden and procyclidine are anticholinergic drugs produced as racemates for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This paper describes a simple and sensitive LC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of these compounds in human serum. An on-line sample clean-up procedure was used, where serum samples were directly injected into a “restricted-access media” pre-column. After the exclusion of the serum proteins, the drug molecules were eluted to a β-cyclodextrin analytical column for chiral separation. The quantitation was done by electrospray ionization MS using diphenidol as an internal standard. The method developed has limits of detection of 1 ng/ml, at least two-orders-of-magnitude …

Understanding Islam And The Radicals, David F. Forte

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

The United States is in a war, but it is not a war between Islam and the West. Radical Islamic terrorists hijacked four airplanes and killed thousands of innocent Americans on September 11. But their enmity was not just directed against the United States and the civilization it represents. These terrorists also mean, as President Bush made clear in his speech to the Joint Session of Congress recently, to hijack Islam itself and destroy Islamic civilization. In the developing battle on behalf of these two great civilizations, it is imperative that we understand something about the basic traditions of Islam …

Review Of The Sanitary City: Urban Infrastructure In America From Colonial Times To The Present, By M.V. Melosi, Mark T. Tebeau

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A La Recherche De La Pureté': Colette On Women Writers, Tama L. Engelking

World Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Review Of Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Harun Al-Rashid And The Narrative Of The ʿAbbasid Caliphate By Tayed El-Hibri, Abed El-Rahman Tayyara

World Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications

Review of Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Harun al-Rashid and the Narrative of the ʿAbbasid Caliphate by Tayed el-Hibri, Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Manufacturing Locations In Ohio: Shifts In Employment And Average Earnings Among Central, Suburban And Rural Counties, Robert Sadowski

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Over the past two decades, there is some evidence suggesting that manufacturing jobs have moved away from central counties and into suburban and rural counties.1 In addition, there is an assumption that many of these jobs now pay lower average earnings th

The Information Technology Industry In The State Of Ohio And Its Regions: 1989 To 2000, Ziona Austrian, Jill Norton

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This report was prepared for Ohio’s IT Alliance, a statewide network of six regional IT groups located throughout Ohio and headquartered in Dayton. The study was conducted by the Ohio Economic Development Information Network, better known as the ES202 Network. The ES202 Network is a statewide group of ten urban and rural universities that develops and maintains a database of employment, payroll, and establishments at the zip code level throughout Ohio. ES202 Network researchers are engaged in industry and labor force research that utilizes this unique database.

Dsp-Based Field-Oriented Step Motor Control, Daniel J. Simon, Dennis L. Feucht

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The SMC3 motor drive has been built using an Analog Devices ADSP-2101 digital signal processor (DSP). The SMC3 is designed to work with two-phase step motors, which are permanent magnet motors with many (typically 100) poles. The firmware in the SMC3 DSP drives the step motor phase windings using field-oriented control rather than using single steps. This method derives the maximum theoretical performance from the motor. This paper describes field-oriented control, and how the SMC3 hardware and firmware implements it.

Electric Field Autocorrelation Functions For Beginning Multiple Rayleigh Scattering, James A. Lock

Physics Faculty Publications

The polarization-resolved electric field autocorrelation function for p-order scattering was derived from the order-of-scattering solution of the exact equations for electromagnetic multiple Rayleigh scattering and was calculated for 2 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 6 for particles undergoing diffusive motion in an idealized sample cell. It was found that the polarization-channel and the scattering-angle dependence of the p-order autocorrelation function approximately decoupled from the delay-time dependence for p greater than or similar to 3. The polarization-channel and the scattering-angle dependence were analytically calculated, and the delay-time dependence was analytically approximated. The resulting analytical model …

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps) And Magnetization Studies Of Iron–Vanadium Phosphate Glasses, M. A. Salim, G. D. Khattak, Petru S. Fodor, Lowell E. Wenger

Physics Faculty Publications

Vanadium phosphate glasses containing Fe2O3 with the chemical composition [(Fe2O3)x(V2O5)0.6−x(P2O5)0.4], where x=0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30, have been prepared and investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The core level binding energies of V 2p, Fe 2p, P 2p and P 2s in the Fe2O3–vanadium phosphate glasses have been measured and shifts from the corresponding binding energies measured for V2O5, Fe2O3 and P2O5 powders are accounted for by changes in the next-nearest neighbor environment of these atoms in the P4O10 local structure. The O 1s spectra for the glasses are single, symmetric peaks arising from nearly …

Modal Uncoupling Of Damped Gyroscopic Systems, Jerzy T. Sawicki, G. Genta

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

A new approach for uncoupling the equations of motion typical for rotordynamical systems is presented. The method does not neglect the speed-dependent e!ects, such as gyroscopic e!ects, and can be particularly valuable in the controller design of actively controlled rotors. In the presence of hysteretic type of damping, the resulting uncoupled gyroscopic systems come with an equivalent viscous damping, equivalent in a sense of yielding the same natural frequency and decay rate. The approach is illustrated through three examples of technical interest: a Je!cott rotor with hysteretic damping, a Stodola}Green rotor, and a rotor of a small gas turbine. The …

Lessons From Roman Cement And Concrete, Norbert J. Delatte

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Although masonry and lime mortars had been used for centuries by earlier civilizations, the Romans were the first to extensively use naturally occurring volcanic earth to make hydraulic cement. The volcanic powder named “pulvis puteolanis,” found near the town of Puteoli near Naples (now Pozzouli), was used to build magnificent structures. The use of this hydraulic cement in masonry and concrete greatly expanded civil engineering possibilities. The Roman engineer Vitruvius, writing in The Ten Books on Architecture, described the careful materials selection, proportioning, and workmanship that was critical to the performance of Roman concrete. Masonry and coarse and fine …

A Numerical Model For The Cyclic Instability Of Thermally Grown Oxides In Thermal Barrier Systems, Anette M. Karlsson, A. G. Evans

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Morphological instability of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) is a fundamental source of failure in some thermal barrier systems. The instabilities occur when initial non-planarity in the TGO grows in amplitude as the system experiences thermal cycling. By numerical means, this study explores how these instabilities are linked to constituent properties. The associated phenomena involve oxidation of the TGO, plastic flow of the bond coat, thermal expansion misfit between the TGO, bond coat and substrate, and stress relaxation in the TGO at high temperature. A key implication of the simulations is that the incidence of reverse yielding upon reheating differentiates …

Supernumerary Spacing Of Rainbows Produced By An Elliptical-Cross-Section Cylinder. Ii. Experiment, Charles L. Adler, David Phipps, Kirk W. Saunders, Justin K. Nash, James A. Lock

Physics Faculty Publications

We measured the supernumerary spacing parameter of the first- and second-order rainbows of two glass rods, each having an approximately elliptical cross section, as a function of the rod's rotation angle. We attribute large fluctuations in the supernumerary spacing parameter to small local inhomogeneities in the rod's refractive index. The low-pass filtered first-order rainbow experimental data agree with the prediction of ray-tracing-wave-front modeling to within a few percent, and the second-order rainbow data exhibit additional effects that are due to rod nonellipticity. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America.

Molecular Simulation Of Adsorption: Gibbs Dividing Surface And Comparison With Experiment, Orhan Talu, Alan L. Myers

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

At low temperature near the normal boiling point, computer simulations of adsorption of gases can be compared directly with experiment. However, for adsorptive gas separations in which the gas is adsorbed near or above its critical temperature, absolute simulation variables must be converted to excess variables for comparison with experiment. The conversion of absolute to excess variables requires the helium pore volume of the adsorbent. Lennard-Jones potential parameters for helium gas molecules interacting with the oxygen atoms of silicalite are ε/k = 28.0 K and σ = 2.952 Å. The helium pore volume of silicalite is 0.175 cm …

Cleveland Neighborhood Conditions And Trends, Mark J. Salling Phd, Gisp, Gustavo Rotondaro, Susan Petrone

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The following pages provide a description of the City of Cleveland in regard to a variety of demographic, housing, economic, and social characteristics. The emphasis of the report is to illustrate the geographic variation of these characteristics and to identify recent and in some cases long-term trends in these distributions.

The report is mainly a series of maps and charts accompanied by basic descriptions of what the graphics illustrate. Maps enable the reader to see the geographic variation among and within the city’s neighborhoods. Appendix A provides a map showing the city’s Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs) and their names. Many …

Determination Of Lysophosphatidic Acids By Capillary Electrophoresis With Indirect Ultraviolet Detection, Yi Lung Chen, Yan Xu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest form of lysophospholipid. Molecular species of LPA have been identified as the potent components in the ovarian cancer activation factor. The elevated plasma LPAs may be used as potential biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer. This paper is the first report on the quantitative analysis of molecular species of LPA using capillary electrophoresis. In this work, the separation of LPAs was achieved within 14 min in an adenosine monophosphate-borate–methanol–water solution, and the measurement was accomplished by indirect UV detection. With LPA (D) as internal standard, the method had linear calibration ranges for …

Adenosine Triphosphate-Dependent Degradation Of A Fluorescent Λ N Substrate Mimic By Lon Protease, Irene Lee, Anthony J. Berdis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli Lon exhibits a varying degree of energy requirement toward hydrolysis of different substrates. Efficient degradation of protein substrates requires the binding and hydrolysis of ATP such that the intrinsic ATPase of Lon is enhanced during protein degradation. Degradation of synthetic tetrapeptides, by contrast, is achieved solely by ATP binding with concomitant inhibition of the ATPase activity. In this study, a synthetic peptide (FRETN 89-98), containing residues 89–98 of λ N protein and a fluorescence donor (anthranilamide) and quencher (3-nitrotyrosine), has been examined for ATP-dependent degradation by E. coli and human Lon proteases. The cleavage profile of FRETN 89-98 …

Review Of A Wild Country Out In The Garden: The Spiritual Journals Of A Colonial Mexican Nun, Edited And Translated By K.A. Myers And A. Powell, And Persephone's Girdle: Narratives Of Rape In Seventeenth-Century Spanish Literature, By M.L. Welles, Elizabeth Lehfeldt

History Faculty Publications

Review of A Wild Country Out in the Garden: The Spiritual Journals of a Colonial Mexican Nun, edited and translated by K.A. Myers and A. Powell, and Persephone's Girdle: Narratives of Rape in Seventeenth-Century Spanish Literature, by M.L. Welles

Effective Strategies For Protecting Human Rights: A Conference Engaging The International Community, David R. Barnhizer

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

Human rights protection needs teeth. And those who work in the disparate field of human rights need to see the system more comprehensively and strategically. Far too often, political issues interfere with enforcement of human rights laws and allow violators to hide behind the unwillingness of national governments to take action to enforce existing laws against human rights violators. Lack of commitment to human rights enforcement or timely preventative or intervention actions have led to violators being left unpunished for torture, rape and genocide. This failure of governments means that there is a lack of deterent power sufficient to inhibit …

Wear And Friction Behavior Of Pressure Infiltration Cast Copper-Carbon Composites, G. Göller, D. P. Koty, M. Singh, A. Tekin

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Metal matrix composites, prepared by pressure infiltration casting of copper base alloy into 2 types of microporous carbon preforms, one with 100% amorphous carbon and the other containing 40 wt pct. graphite and 60 wt pct. amorphous carbon, have been examined for their wear and friction behavior under ambient conditions using a pin-on-plate reciprocating wear tester. Micro-structural characterization of tribo-surfaces has been carried out. The thin carbon films formed on the tribo-surface reduced the friction coefficient and wear for the composites, especially at low loads on the pin. Adhesive wear observed on the tribo-surface promoted wear and …

Modeling Nonlinear Behavior In A Piezoelectric Actuator, Hanz Richter, Eduardo A. Misawa, D. A. Lucca, H. Lu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

A piezoelectric tube actuator is employed as a sample positioning device in Nanocut, a cutting instrument conceived to study the mechanics of nanometric cutting. Extension of functionality of the instrument as a nanometric machine tool motivates the search for an accurate model of the actuator for implementing feedback control. A simple nonlinear model describing longitudinal expansion of the piezoelectric tube actuator is presented in this paper. The model derivation is based on a non-formal analogy with nonlinear viscoelastic materials under uniaxial extension, for which the responses to a step input are similar to the piezoelectric tube. Suitability of the …