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Articles 1 - 30 of 333
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Is There A Federal Right To A Minimum Education?, Martha Mccarthy
Is There A Federal Right To A Minimum Education?, Martha Mccarthy
BYU Education & Law Journal
This article first reviews the Sixth Circuit panel decision, settlement agreement, and en banc appellate court action. Then, it explores related recent cases that also address a constitutional right to some level of education. The final section analyzes the viability of arguments asserting a federal right to access to a minimum education under the Fourteenth Amendment and implications of establishing such a federal right.
Leveraging The Inductive Bias Of Large Language Models For Abstract Textual Reasoning, Christopher Michael Rytting
Leveraging The Inductive Bias Of Large Language Models For Abstract Textual Reasoning, Christopher Michael Rytting
Theses and Dissertations
Large natural language models (such as GPT-2 or T5) demonstrate impressive abilities across a range of general NLP tasks. Here, we show that the knowledge embedded in such models provides a useful inductive bias, not just on traditional NLP tasks, but also in the nontraditional task of training a symbolic reasoning engine. We observe that these engines learn quickly and generalize in a natural way that reflects human intuition. For example, training such a system to model block-stacking might naturally generalize to stacking other types of objects because of structure in the real world that has been partially captured by …
Asian Values And Democratic Viability: A Study Of The Effects Of Political Values On Thai Support For Democracy, Marisa Gonzalez-Mabbutt
Asian Values And Democratic Viability: A Study Of The Effects Of Political Values On Thai Support For Democracy, Marisa Gonzalez-Mabbutt
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Despite research found in the World Values Survey which indicates high global support for democracy, certain regions of the world have struggled to solidify or even introduce democratic institutions. Existing explanations such as the Asian Values Theory show mixed results that political culture in Asian countries decreases support for democracy. These studies also fail to look at country-specific political cultures within countries like Thailand, where national values play a distinct role in the political arena and could affect democratic support. Moreover, previous research has not disaggregated how competing values at the national, regional, and global levels can affect support for …
A Descriptive Study Of Male Victims Of Sexual Assault Seen For A Sexual Assault Forensic Medical Examination, Madeleine Prince
A Descriptive Study Of Male Victims Of Sexual Assault Seen For A Sexual Assault Forensic Medical Examination, Madeleine Prince
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Ten percent of all victims who report a sexual assault (SA) are male (Department of Justice, 2013), yet there has been little research on their experiences. Further study on the unique characteristics of male SA victims is warranted. The purpose of this study is to explore, identify, and analyze variables of male SA victims who received a SA forensic medical examination (SAFME), and identify implications and areas for future research. Data from the SAFME charts were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Male victims were compared to female victims from the same data set. …
Agency, Atonement, And Psychological Theories Of Change: A Latter-Day Saint Christian Perspective, Richard N. Williams, Edwin E. Gantt
Agency, Atonement, And Psychological Theories Of Change: A Latter-Day Saint Christian Perspective, Richard N. Williams, Edwin E. Gantt
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
This paper interrogates the relationship of the hard determinism inherent in the theories and models currently on offer in mainstream psychology and the current trends in psychotherapeutic approaches. It foregrounds the seeming contradiction between the emphasis placed on mastering and incorporating discipline-specific knowledge – which clearly assumes scientism and hard determinism – and the emphasis placed on practitioners to develop a coherent theory of change as part of their approach to effective clinical practice. We argue that hard determinism and strategies for facilitating genuine therapeutic change and transformation are incompatible where there is no clear, coherent view of human beings …
Help Thou My Unbelief: Exploring The Secular Sources Of Our Clients' Doubts, Edwin E. Gantt, Madeline R. Christensen, Jacob D. Tubbs
Help Thou My Unbelief: Exploring The Secular Sources Of Our Clients' Doubts, Edwin E. Gantt, Madeline R. Christensen, Jacob D. Tubbs
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Issues of faith and doubt are often at the heart of religious clients’ psychological and emotional suffering. As such, they are a topic of genuine therapeutic interest. Latter-day Saint therapists have a unique responsibility to help our religious clients work through their psychological concerns, as well as help them address their religious doubts when relevant in the therapeutic setting. We argue that many of the concerns fueling client faith crises spring from taken-for-granted assumptions absorbed from our larger secular culture. Further, these assumptions are radically different from – indeed, typically antithetical to – the premises upon many of our fundamental …
Naturalism, Theism, And The Risks Of Professional Values Imposition In Psychotherapy With Theistic Clients, Jefrey S. Reber
Naturalism, Theism, And The Risks Of Professional Values Imposition In Psychotherapy With Theistic Clients, Jefrey S. Reber
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
The codes of ethics guiding the work of counselors and psychotherapists state that ethical practitioners pursue training in areas where they are at risk of imposing values. While training in the potential imposition of personal values is pervasive, training in the potential imposition of professional values is rare. Naturalism, the guiding worldview of science and psychology excludes theism, which is the guiding worldview of many people. Consequently, naturalism is a professional value that may be imposed on theistic clients in psychotherapy. The exclusion of theism from psychology and psychotherapy along with the naturalization of theistic experiences and concepts and the …
An Examination Of Motivation Types And Their Influence On English Proficiency For Current High School Students In South Korean, Euiyong Jung
An Examination Of Motivation Types And Their Influence On English Proficiency For Current High School Students In South Korean, Euiyong Jung
Theses and Dissertations
Despite huge investments in national English language policies, few South Koreans develop communicable English proficiency. Yet, English language proficiency for all secondary and college students continues to be the goal of these policies (Moodie & Nam, 2015; Ahn, 2015). One of the fundamental reasons for the lack of communicable English proficiency was based on the social phenomenon, called 'hakbuljueui', or academic elitism, in Korea (Kim. T.-Y., 2006) whereby students seem to be instrumentally motivated to learn English only to pass the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT), and gain admission to elite Universities (Kim, T.-Y., 2006; Kim, K., 2016). The current …
Exploring Dialogue Journals As A Context For Connecting With And Supporting The Emotional Lives Of Fourth Graders, Samantha Simone Johnson
Exploring Dialogue Journals As A Context For Connecting With And Supporting The Emotional Lives Of Fourth Graders, Samantha Simone Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
About 20 percent of school-aged children, 18 years and younger, struggle with mental health issues in America today. Mental health issues lead to greater rates of suicide, depression, loneliness, anxiety, and bullying that takes place in and out of schools. This exploratory multiple case study looks at how 10 fourth graders, five male and five female, use a weekly entry in a dialogue journal letter to their teacher to share their emotional lives. I explore how a dialogue journal can open up a space between students and teachers for emotional aspects of life and learning to be included in schools. …
How Poor Mother-Daughter Relationships Can Lead To Depression In Female Adolescents, Joseph Bradley
How Poor Mother-Daughter Relationships Can Lead To Depression In Female Adolescents, Joseph Bradley
Student Works
This literature review made connections to depression in adolescent girls based on poor relationships with their mothers. Findings are based on recent scientific peer-reviewed publications. No new studies were conducted for this paper. Aggression, negativity, and lack of involvement from mothers are seen to impact daughters' brain development and function such that depression is more likely to occur in the daughter.
Interventions And Supports To Ameliorate Math Anxiety In K-12 Schools: A Meta-Analysis Of Experimental Group Design Research, Madeline Rose Hardy
Interventions And Supports To Ameliorate Math Anxiety In K-12 Schools: A Meta-Analysis Of Experimental Group Design Research, Madeline Rose Hardy
Theses and Dissertations
"Math anxiety is commonly defined as a feeling of tension, apprehension, or fear that interferes with math performance" (Ashcraft, 2002, p. 181). Symptoms of math anxiety are reported by 33% of students by the time they reach the age of 15, possibly contributing to this workforce dilemma (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2013). Many models and perspectives of math anxiety have been established including conceptualizing math anxiety as a function of working memory deficits, sociocultural conditioning, lack of reappraisal, and anxiety as a precursor to escape-maintained behavior. Math anxiety is more common in individuals with certain disabilities, such as …
Teacher Recruitment: Highs School Students' And Parents' Perceptions Of The Teaching Profession, Steven Scot Christensen
Teacher Recruitment: Highs School Students' And Parents' Perceptions Of The Teaching Profession, Steven Scot Christensen
Theses and Dissertations
Concern over teacher shortages has become a perplexing and persistent problem in schools. Teachers are constantly leaving the profession and new entrants into the teaching profession have decreased in recent years, creating a need for recruiting qualified individuals to become teachers and to retain those who are already in classrooms. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that best predict whether high school students are considering teaching as a career and factors that predict whether students' parents would encourage their children to become teachers. A review of the literature revealed potentially influential factors on teacher recruitment and a …
Examining Psychotherapeutic Treatment Approach Preference In A Hispanic Population, Andrea Mayra Vieira Debarros
Examining Psychotherapeutic Treatment Approach Preference In A Hispanic Population, Andrea Mayra Vieira Debarros
Theses and Dissertations
Minority groups are at a disadvantage when seeking psychological treatment. Interventions are often less effective for minority populations when treatment outcomes are compared to Anglo populations. Studies indicate that the stigma associated with mental health disorders and seeking psychological intervention within these minority subgroups may be at fault for this disparity. In this study, we explored this idea by examining what methods of intervention Hispanic-identified individuals are more likely to seek out. Participants were given the option to enlist in a biofeedback approach to intervention as well as a supportive talk psychotherapy. Participants were drawn from the community population in …
Coming Out Of The Shadows: Understanding Autism In Korean Culture, Yoojin Kim
Coming Out Of The Shadows: Understanding Autism In Korean Culture, Yoojin Kim
Theses and Dissertations
Culture affects how the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are perceived and addressed, and Korean culture has been affecting how individuals with ASD are perceived, diagnosed and treated in Korea, specifically the Republic of Korea. Stigmas about individuals with ASD have historically existed in Korean culture, and those stigmas have been affecting the diagnosis and social environment of individuals with ASD. Recent changes have been made to increase acceptance for individuals with ASD in Korea, but the literature has not yet brought this information together in a way that comprehensively portrays the current status of ASD perceptions, identification, intervention …
The Effect Of Language Learning Experience On Motivation And Anxiety Of Foreign Language Learning Students, Josie Eileen Thacker
The Effect Of Language Learning Experience On Motivation And Anxiety Of Foreign Language Learning Students, Josie Eileen Thacker
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine how motivation and anxiety within learners studying a foreign language are affected by a participant's language requirement (whether a participant has a language requirement as part of their education), language class level, and language learning environment (those with traditional classroom verses significant in- country experience). The current study surveyed and analyzed the responses of 124 students currently enrolled in a language class at Brigham Young University. Self- reported survey results demonstrate the relationship between motivation and anxiety with relation to language class level, language learning experience, and language requirement fulfillment. Further analyses …
Damsel In Distress Or Princess In Power? Traditional Masculinity And Femininity In Young Adult Novelizations Of Cinderella And The Effects On Agency, Rylee Carling
Theses and Dissertations
Retellings of classic fairy tales have become increasingly popular in the past decade, but little research has been done on the novelizations written for a young adult (YA) audience. Critical multicultural analysis determining the effect of race, gender, disability, and more has been completed for both original fairy tale retellings and fairy tale retellings for children, but scholars have neglected popular YA novelizations. This study aims to determine how traditional masculinity and femininity affect agency in both male and female characters in YA novelizations of Cinderella. To examine the role of traditional masculinity and femininity in young adult novelizations of …
Domestic Vs. Foreign Immersion Experiences: Listening Comprehension Of Multiple Dialects In Spanish, Nathan Thomas Adams
Domestic Vs. Foreign Immersion Experiences: Listening Comprehension Of Multiple Dialects In Spanish, Nathan Thomas Adams
Theses and Dissertations
Study abroad has been shown to improve students' linguistic and cultural competence, but students who gain their fluency abroad may struggle to adapt to the plethora of regional dialects they encounter in their studies and interactions after they've returned from their study abroad. The researchers of this study posited that learning Spanish in a domestic immersion context may improve a student's flexibility or tolerance for dialectal variation in regard to listening comprehension. Using a detailed survey and multi-dialectal listening assessment, the researchers examined the degree to which Spanish language learners, in this case 183 missionaries, were exposed to a variety …
Sex Therapy For Same-Sex Couples, Kensington Osmond, Erin Fitzgerald, Anthony Hughes
Sex Therapy For Same-Sex Couples, Kensington Osmond, Erin Fitzgerald, Anthony Hughes
Student Works
Same-sex couples are an increasingly prominent part of the United States committed couple population. Despite this, little research has been done on how to treat sexual concerns within same-sex couple relationships. As a result, therapists treating such presenting problems are often left unsure of best practices. The purpose of this study is to review the existing limited literature as it relates to knowledge therapists must have and things they should do in treatment. The study also presents a case study demonstrating the use of these practices and the Sexual Attentiveness & Accountability Model (SAAM) with a gay male couple.
Factor Structure Of The Jordan Performance Appraisal System: A Multilevel Multigroup Study Using Categorical And Count Data, Holly Lee Allen
Factor Structure Of The Jordan Performance Appraisal System: A Multilevel Multigroup Study Using Categorical And Count Data, Holly Lee Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Development of the Jordan Performance Appraisal System (JPAS) was completed in 1996. This study examined the factor structure of the classroom observation instrument used in the JPAS. Using observed classroom instructional quality ratings of 1220 elementary teachers of Grades 1-6 in the Jordan School District, this study estimated the factor structure of the data and the rater effect on relevant structural parameters. This study also tested for measurement invariance at the within and between levels across teachers of two grade-level groups (a) lower grades: Grades 1-3 and (b) upper grades: Grades 4-6. Factor structure was estimated using complex exploratory factor …
How Sexual Mindfulness Can Improve A Couple's Sex Life, Charice West
How Sexual Mindfulness Can Improve A Couple's Sex Life, Charice West
Family Perspectives
Scholars have recognized the importance of mindfulness in overcoming mental and physical obstacles. New research shows that mindfulness can also be used to help couples improve their sexual satisfaction, rising above challenges that can distract them from experiencing a healthy sex life.
Marital Satisfaction After Children. Is It Possible?, Alyssa Sabey
Marital Satisfaction After Children. Is It Possible?, Alyssa Sabey
Family Perspectives
While popular media often floods our feed with stories and statistics of unhappy couples after having children, expecting parents can rest assured knowing that as long as they maintain two important protective factors, their marriage can not only survive by thrive.
The Function Of Gratitude In Marriage: Building Ties That Bind, Jill Iroz Webb
The Function Of Gratitude In Marriage: Building Ties That Bind, Jill Iroz Webb
Family Perspectives
Recent literature on the function of gratitude extends the known benefits of this practice beyond facilitating exchanges in social life and explains how it plays a significant role in close relationships, such as marriage. This article examines how the emotion of gratitude helps individuals develop, maintain, and increase bonds with a high-quality partner in a close relationship in a variety of ways. For instance, gratitude is key in promoting relationship maintenance behaviors, such as responsiveness and commitment, and signaling feelings of appreciation between partners that can provide a sense of security and help partners to recognize the value of a …
Prevention Of Eating Disorders In Children: A Guide For Nurse Practitioners, Michelle Yeates, Jane Lassetter Phd, Rn
Prevention Of Eating Disorders In Children: A Guide For Nurse Practitioners, Michelle Yeates, Jane Lassetter Phd, Rn
Student Works
Eating disorders are prevalent in Western society and are highly influenced by body dissatisfaction and disordered eating patterns. Disordered eating refers to unhealthy behaviors used to control and influence weight with the potential to become eating disorders. Eating disorders can lead to or further accelerate both physical and emotional damage. As such, it is important to determine possible contributing factors to decrease negative outcomes. Because parents are typically the primary caretakers of children, it is necessary for nurse practitioners (NPs) to know how to best educate parents in the prevention of eating disorders in their children. This clinical paper provides …
"Life Will Be A Brief, Hollow Walk": The Future Of Humanity Through Maternal Eyes In Tracy K. Smith's Life On Mars, Mallory Lynn Bingham
"Life Will Be A Brief, Hollow Walk": The Future Of Humanity Through Maternal Eyes In Tracy K. Smith's Life On Mars, Mallory Lynn Bingham
Theses and Dissertations
Tracy K. Smith's Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poetry, Life on Mars, has been celebrated and analyzed as an elegy to Smith's father by many reviewers and scholars. And while this reading is valid and has been openly endorsed by Smith herself, our understanding of this collection and Smith's father is incomplete without Smith's treatment of motherhood and religion, two previously unexplored fields in relation to Life on Mars that complete our picture of Smith's father. Smith uses her own new role as a mother and her religious questions about the afterlife and her father's fate to address her father's …
Identifying, Increasing Awareness, And Supporting Military-Connected Adolescents In Public Schools, Amanda Bushman
Identifying, Increasing Awareness, And Supporting Military-Connected Adolescents In Public Schools, Amanda Bushman
Theses and Dissertations
Of the nearly 1,000,000 children of active duty members of the military, around 80% attend civilian schools not affiliated with the Department of Defense Education Activity ([DoDEA] DoDEA, 2018; Department of Defense [DoD], 2018). This creates a need for schools to be aware of the challenges that military-connected (MC) students face and understand how best to support them. Recent research indicates that the prevalence of mental health problems in MC youth populations has been rising since the war on terrorism began (De Pedro et al., 2011). MC youth experience an array of internalizing and externalizing problems, including stress disorders (Gorman …
Non-Parental Family Members As Brokers Of Family Social Capital: Compensatory Time Use In India, Melissa Alcaraz, Ashley Larsen Gibby, Nancy Luke
Non-Parental Family Members As Brokers Of Family Social Capital: Compensatory Time Use In India, Melissa Alcaraz, Ashley Larsen Gibby, Nancy Luke
Faculty Publications
Non-parental family members are understudied but important brokers of family social capital, especially in contexts without a nuclear-family norm. We used rich time diary data from a sample of 1568 South Indian adolescents to examine the relationships between any time spent with parents, parents’ residency status, and the time spent with non-parental family members. We found that adolescents with at least one non-resident parent spent significantly more time with siblings, on average, when compared to adolescents with resident parents. We further found that adolescents spent more time with siblings in educational activities, such as studying, when they had at least …
Columbine And The Myth Of The Juvenile Superpredator, Christopher M. Mosqueda
Columbine And The Myth Of The Juvenile Superpredator, Christopher M. Mosqueda
Theses and Dissertations
Mass media has great influence over its audience. When a sensational story hits the news waves, the general public's attention is instantly riveted to the television screen. News stories that involve the deaths of innocent people often create a culture of fear, fuel false narratives, and scatter misinformation. In fact, this culture of fear, coupled with misleading information, created the myth of the juvenile superpredator, a phrase coined by DiIulio in the early 1990s. The stereotyped superpredator was a homicidal, uncontrollable youth hiding within areas where crime and violence are rare. In particular, this myth was propagated following the massacre …
Social Contact, Time Alone, And Parental Subjective Well-Being: A Focus On Stay-At-Home Fathers Using The American Time Use Survey, Erin K. Holmes, Jocelyn Wikle, Clare R. Thomas, Mckell A. Jorgensen, Braquel R. Egginton
Social Contact, Time Alone, And Parental Subjective Well-Being: A Focus On Stay-At-Home Fathers Using The American Time Use Survey, Erin K. Holmes, Jocelyn Wikle, Clare R. Thomas, Mckell A. Jorgensen, Braquel R. Egginton
Faculty Publications
Stay-at-home fathers (SAHFs) face negative stereotypes and social stigma, which may be linked to negative feelings during social contact. In this study, we compare SAHFs' social contact and time alone to that of stay-at-home mothers and parents of other work/caregiving statuses. In addition, we analyze SAHFs' subjective well-being when with their children, spouse, noon spouse adults, and when alone to more accurately capture the positive and negative valences of their experiences. Using individual-level time-use diaries form the American Time Use Survey (N = 35, 959), a nationally representative sample, we find that compared to fathers working full time, SAHFs …
Financial Socialization: A Decade In Review, Ashley B. Lebaron, Heather H. Kelly
Financial Socialization: A Decade In Review, Ashley B. Lebaron, Heather H. Kelly
Faculty Publications
The financial socialization individuals receive is associated not only with their future financial wellbeing but also relational, mental, and physical wellbeing. This paper is a review of the literature on financial socialization, especially papers published between 2010 and 2019 in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues. We first review family financial socialization theory and then review empirical documentation for the theory, organized by (a) family socialization processes (e.g., parent financial modeling, parent-child financial discussion, and experiential learning as three primary methods of financial socialization) and (b) financial socialization outcomes (e.g., financial attitudes, financial knowledge, financial behaviors, and financial wellbeing). …
China’S Rural Statistics: The Contemporary Chinese Village Gazetteer Data Project, Yuanziyi Zhang
China’S Rural Statistics: The Contemporary Chinese Village Gazetteer Data Project, Yuanziyi Zhang
Journal of East Asian Libraries
In July 2018, the East Asian Library (EAL) of the University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) initiated the Contemporary Chinese Village Gazetteer Data (CCVG Data) project to create a series of open-access online datasets of China’s rural statistics selected from the library’s collection of Chinese village gazetteers. The current datasets contain data from 1,000 village gazetteers in 18 categories. As an ongoing project, the goal is to reach 2,500 to 3,000 villages. A database that allows effective and efficient ingesting, querying, manipulating, and displaying CCVG data will be available for use by the end of 2020. This article serves as …