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Remote Sensing And Gis Based Morphometric Analysis For Three Sub-Watersheds Of Manair River Basin In Telangana, India
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The quantitative analysis of the watershed is vital to understand the hydrological structure of any topography. The present study deals with quantitative assessment of Manair Basin, Telangana, India, based on IRS LISS III satellite data and Cartosat DEM 30m resolution data. Morphometric parameters of the watershed were assessed by computations of linear and areal aspect using standard methodology in GIS environment. ARC GIS software was utilized for morphometric component study and delineation of the watershed using Cartosat digital elevation model (DEM). In this study, the Manair basin, tributaries of Godavari River, has been selected for thorough morphometric analysis. The drainage …
A Learning Vector Quantization Based Geospatial Modeling Approach For Inland Wq Remote Prediction
A Learning Vector Quantization Based Geospatial Modeling Approach For Inland Wq Remote Prediction
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Quick and accurate quantification of lake water quality (WQ) is essential for its management and improvement. Use of geotechnology (remote sensing, GIS, and GPS) applications is a step forward in improving our ability to effectively quantify and manage the WQ of ungauged lakes. Beaver Reservoir, a drinking water source for over 280,000 people in northwest Arkansas, is facing increased chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended matter (SM) content in the lake. This study is designed to qualitatively predict the Chl-a and SM content in the lake on a spatial basis from Landsat-TM image digital information. A Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) classification neural …
Myobservatory - An Information Management System For Supporting Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships, Yoram Rubin, Christopher Michaelis
Myobservatory - An Information Management System For Supporting Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships, Yoram Rubin, Christopher Michaelis
Open Water Journal
This paper provides an overview of myObservatory (myO), a free (for non-profit use) web-based information management system that specializes in multi-stakeholder, geospatial projects. myO important features include rich graphic and interactive data display, multiple data entry modes, user-access control tools, project-management tools, built-in and user-defined quality assurance tools, thorough and comprehensive documentation, and flexibility in customizing the system (e.g., by embedding user-defined algorithms) to meet special project needs.
Groundwater Quality Mapping Based On The Geographical Information System (Gis) Of Jammu District, Jammu And Kashmir India.
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Geographical Information System (GIS) based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out with the help of hydrochemical data of Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir State. Groundwater quality for drinking water purposes was analyzed by considering the WHO (2004) and ISI (1991) standard. A total of 100 samples were collected from different geological formations of the study area. The groundwater samples were analyzed for the major chemical constituents viz. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ (cations); HCO3- , Cl- , F- , SO42-, NO3- , SiO2 (anions); pH, …
Assessment Of Soil Loss Using Wepp Model And Geographical Information System
Assessment Of Soil Loss Using Wepp Model And Geographical Information System
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Severe soil erosion has generally been regarded as a major cause of land degradation in arid and semi arid regions. A quantitative assessment of soil loss intensity is still scanty for developing appropriate soil erosion control measures in these regions. This article used the combined Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) models to estimate the average soil loss in the Halahijan watershed in Khuzestan Province, one of the priority areas for soil erosion control in Iran. Also, the sediment yield estimated by the WEPP was compared with that estimated by Modified Pacific Southwest Interagency Committee (MPSIAC) …
Derivation Of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph For A Sub-Basin Using Linear Geomorphological Model And Geographic Information Systems
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Rainfall is converted into runoff and reaches the river and it becomes river flow. Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) based approach, which uses the geomorphologic parameters, is used to simulate basin runoff. Compilation of the required database consists of various geomorphic and other hydrologic characteristics used by the GIUH model is facilitated using Geographical Information System (GIS). The main aim of this study is develop 1-Hr Unit Hydrograph (UH) from the GIUH using Linear Geomorphological Model (LGM) with the help of GIS. Valliyar is one of the sub basins of Kodaiyar River Basin in Tamil Nadu, India. Valliyar is 5 …
Watershed Modeling Using Gis Technology: A Critical Review
Watershed Modeling Using Gis Technology: A Critical Review
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Understanding and managing water resource problems involves complex processes and interactions within the watershed surface and subsurface. The imposition of total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations on the pollutant influx to a watershed has created a strong demand for new assessment tools. The spatial scales relevant to transport of the pollutants may span many orders of magnitude, ranging from field plots to regional hydrological systems. As the demand for and development of watershed modeling capabilities have evolved, geographic information systems (GIS) in tandem with remote sensing technologies have played an essential role supporting both data collection and analysis. This paper …
Flood Susceptible Mapping And Risk Area Delineation Using Logistic Regression, Gis And Remote Sensing
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Recently, in the year 2006, 2007 and 2008 heavy monsoons rainfall have triggered floods along Malaysia's east coast as well as in different parts of the country. The hardest hit areas are along the east coast of peninsular Malaysia in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. The flood cost nearly millions of dollars of property and many lives. Foods are considered to be one of the weather-related natural disasters. Many methods exist to provide qualitative estimations of the risk level of flood susceptibility mapping within a watershed. This paper presents construction of a flood susceptible map for presumptive flood …
Assessment Of Spatial Patterns Of Sediment Transport And Delivery For Soil And Water Conservation Programs
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Soil erosion has tremendous impacts on most river systems throughout the United States. Such non-point pollution results from land-use and agricultural practices and leads to sedimentation downstream, a decrease in the transport capacity of streams, an increase in the risk of flooding, filling of reservoirs, and eutrophication. This paper uses a spatially-explicit model to identify the sediment sources and delivery paths to channels and link these sediment supply processes to in- channel sediment transport and storage. The paper analyzes hillslope erosion and deposition rates using the Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition model in a GIS to estimate patterns of …
Erratic Monsoon, Growing Water Demand, And Declining Water Table
Erratic Monsoon, Growing Water Demand, And Declining Water Table
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In India, water resources are governed by the southwest monsoon. The water demand is increasing day by day due to population growth, rapid urbanisation, and multiple cropping practices. Due to changing climatic conditions monsoon, the chief controller of rainfall is found to be very irregular. Erratic monsoon with insufficient rainfall in combination with high heat-flow and over-exploitation of ground water imparts stress on the water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Time-series analysis of water-table fluctuations provides idea about temporal variation of aquifer-recharge and availability of ground-water resources. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess …
Evaluation Of Total Runoff For The Rio San Pedro Sub-Basin (Nayarit, Mexico) Assessing Their Hydrologic Response Units
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The Rio San Pedro sub-basin runoff was estimated using the curve number method (NRCS-CN) applied to hydrologic response units (HRU’s), derived from remote sensing and GIS analysis. The sub-basin (around 2900 km2) was delineated from digital elevation models (DEM), that also were used to obtain the slopes in the study area. A landscape characterization (overall accuracy > 80%), based on Landsat ETM+ imagery, was obtained using standard classification methods, and together with a rainfall data series, were the input information for the sub-basin discretization in HRU’s and the runoff calculation. Seventeen HRU’s were obtained, that can be arranged in …
An Interface Of Drainage Division For Modeling Wetlands And Riparian Buffers In Agricultural Watersheds
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In a complex watershed, isolated wetlands, riparian wetlands and riparian buffers provide important functions such as flood attenuation and water quality improvement. For conservation purposes, it is critical to properly delineate drainage areas for these features such that their impacts on runoff, sediment and pollutant transport can be reasonably simulated. However, traditional methods for watershed delineation typically fill depressions or ignore riparian features in order to maintain the continuity of surface flow pattern. In this study we develop an ArcView geographic information system (GIS) interface for watershed delineation that accounts for wetlands and riparian buffers. Based on digital elevation model …
Hydrology And Water Balance Of Devils Lake Basin: Part 1 Hydrometeorological Analysis And Lake Surface Area Mapping*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The spatial distribution of stocks of water is useful in studying flood, water pollution and water supply problems. Flood prone and closed basin watersheds benefit from spatial water balance studies in understanding the hydrologic processes and deal with excess water problems. In this study, we present results of a study of the hydrology Devils Lake basin of the Red River of the North, northeastern North Dakota partitioned in to two parts. Part 1 addresses the hydrometeorological analysis and lake surface area mapping of the basin and Part 2 deals with spatial surface water balance modeling using Landsat images and geographic …
Hydrology And Water Balance Of Devils Lake Basin: Part 2 Grid-Based Spatial Surface Water Balance Modeling*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this part of the study, grid-based spatial water balance approach was used to estimate the annual water balance of Devils Lake basin, hydrologically closed lake located in the Red River of the North basin, northeastern North Dakota. Landsat images from 1991 to 2003 were used in the study. Using spatial precipitation, land-cover and soils data, grid-based surface runoff was estimated based on the Curve Number method. The calibrated upstream runoff inflow for each grid cell was computed using a 10-m digital elevation model. Spatial evapotranspiration was estimated for the study area from remotely-sensed data using a surface energy flux …
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling For An Experimental Watershed Of Western Greece Using Extended Time-Area Method And Gis
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this study, an effort was made to simulate the transformation of rainfall into runoff, in a small experimental mountainous-forested watershed in western Greece. The main objective was the production of flood hydrographs by calculating average flow velocities (inside and outside the stream network). The usefulness of the flow velocities lies in using them in other ungauged small-forested watersheds that have similar geomorphological and hydrological characteristics. The meteorological and hydrological data of four storm events were obtained from the corresponding stations that are located near and at the outlet of the watershed, respectively. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology was used …
Estimating Spatial Curve Number For Hydrologic Response Analysis Of A Small Watershed
Estimating Spatial Curve Number For Hydrologic Response Analysis Of A Small Watershed
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
An approach to estimate the curve number (CN) at each pixel unit of a satellite imagery, which is a key parameter in the widely used Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS- CN) hydrologic model, is proposed. Instead of mapping land use and its temporal dynamics from satellite imageries, this approach linearly unmixes the multi-spectral radiances into three fractional layers which primarily control the degree of saturation within a watershed occurring due to a 25 cm-depth storm event, i.e., physically interpreted as the CN. The fraction layers used are water, sand and pure vegetation. In order to obtain a relationship between …
Estimating Spatial Sediment Delivery Ratio On A Large Rural Catchment
Estimating Spatial Sediment Delivery Ratio On A Large Rural Catchment
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Soil erosion and sediment yield from catchments are key limitations to achieving sustainable land use and maintaining water quality in streams, lakes and other water bodies. Controlling sediment loading requires the knowledge of the soil erosion and sedimentation. However, sediment yield is usually not available as a direct measurement but estimated by using a sediment delivery ratio (SDR). An accurate prediction of SDR is important in controlling sediments for sustainable natural resources development and environmental protection. There is no precise procedure to estimate SDR, although the USDA has published a handbook in which the SDR is related to drainage area. …
Selection Of Site For Small Hydel Using Gis In The Himalayan Region Of India
Selection Of Site For Small Hydel Using Gis In The Himalayan Region Of India
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The choice of site for small hydro in the inaccessible tracts of Himalayan region is a difficult task by the conventional methods. This leads to a considerable loss of time and money in selecting a proper site for small hydel. In this paper an attempt has been made to use GIS and Remote Sensing technology to arrive at various alternative sites available in the study area and finally to select the most technically suitable site. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) method has been utilized to identify the monthly average runoff of the site. The distributed curve number …
A Spatially Distributed Event-Based Model To Predict Sediment Yield#
A Spatially Distributed Event-Based Model To Predict Sediment Yield#
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
A study has been conducted in three sub-watersheds to model the spatial distribution of runoff and sediment yield. The basic structure of the model includes generation of runoff using SCS curve number (CN) method and soil detachment by RUSLE, MUSS and MUST equations, which is in turn delimited by Kirkby’s transport capacity equation. The input parameter grids – cover, practice and soil erodibility grids were generated from satellite data with adequate field check. Routing of runoff and sediment was done in ARC/INFO’s GRID module. Predicted results were validated with field-measured values. Results show that the runoff from CN method was …
Support Soil Conservation Practices By Identifying Critical Erosion Areas Within An American Watershed Using The Gis-Agnps Model
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Eroded soil from overland is one of the major nonpoint pollution sources in many watersheds. The subsequent sediment not only reduces conveyance capacity of streams and usable storage volume of reservoirs but it also adsorbs and transports pollutants into and impairs its receiving water bodies. These negative environmental impacts may be alleviated by reducing sediment loading, which is positively associated with soil erosion rate. Targeted to critical erosion areas, which have a soil erosion rate higher than the tolerable level (T value) of 4536 kg/ac-y (5 tons/ac-y), limited funds may be more efficiently used to control sediment. With this regard, …
Spatial Modelling For Hydrological Response Behaviour Of An Arid Watershed, India – Remote Sensing And Gis Approach
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The paper discusses the applications of satellite remote sensing and GIS on characterization and spatial modeling of runoff and soil erosion of Birantiya Kalan, an arid watershed in the district of Pali, western Rajasthan. The watershed, with plains on the west and low to medium hills on the east, is among the watersheds selected under the National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas by the Government of India in 1988. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Data (IRS 1A/1B LISS II sensor) corresponding to pre-treatment (1988) and post-treatment (1996) periods were used to study changes in the land use/ land cover and …
Evaluation Of Land Development Impact On A Tropical Watershed Hydrology Using Remote Sensing And Gis
Evaluation Of Land Development Impact On A Tropical Watershed Hydrology Using Remote Sensing And Gis
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Understanding how the land use change influence the river basin hydrology will enable planners to formulate policies to minimize the undesirable effects of future land use changes. Land cover changes increase impervious ground surfaces, decrease infiltration rate and increase runoff rate, hence causing low base flow during the dry seasons. Efficient tools such as satellite remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) are currently being used to manage the limited water resources. The need for spatial and temporal land-cover change detection at a larger scale makes satellite imagery the most cost effective, efficient and reliable source of data. The ability …
Spatial Distribution Of Land Type In Regression Models Of Pollutant Loading
Spatial Distribution Of Land Type In Regression Models Of Pollutant Loading
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
This paper proposes a method to improve landscape-pollution interaction regression models through the inclusion of a variable that describes the spatial distribution of a land type with respect to the pattern of runoff within a drainage catchment. The proposed index is used as an independent variable to enhance the strength, as quantified by R2 values, of regression relationships between empirical observations of in-stream pollutant concentrations and land type by considering the spatial distribution of key land-type categories within the sample point’s drainage area. We present an index that adds a new dimension of explanatory power when used in conjunction …
Prioritizing Vegetative Buffer Strip Placement In An Agricultural Watershed
Prioritizing Vegetative Buffer Strip Placement In An Agricultural Watershed
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this study, the Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) was used to determine locations of vegetative buffer strip effectiveness on reducing sediment load within the East Bad Creek (EBC) watershed, a 690 ha agricultural watershed located mid Michigan. Modeling scenarios consisted of simulating the hydrology and sediment transport throughout the EBC watershed on a baseline scenario (no buffer) and with a 30-meter vegetative buffer strip placed around each stream segment (buffer strip scenario). The model’s results showed a 17% decrease in sediment load at the watershed’s outlet for a 10yr-24hr storm. As a result, the placement of buffer strips …
Prediction Of Ground Water Vulnerability Using An Integrated Gis-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques
Prediction Of Ground Water Vulnerability Using An Integrated Gis-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
There is a need to develop new modeling techniques that assess ground water vulnerability with less expensive data and which are robust when data are uncertain and incomplete. Incorporation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with a modeling approach that is robust has the potential for creating a successful modeling tool. The specific objective of this study was to develop a model using Neuro-fuzzy techniques in a GIS to predict ground water vulnerability. The Neuro-fuzzy model was developed in JAVA using four plausible parameters deemed critical in transporting contaminants in and through the soil profile. These parameters include soil hydrologic group, …
A Spatial Technique For Estimating Streambank Rosion Based On Watershed Characteristics
A Spatial Technique For Estimating Streambank Rosion Based On Watershed Characteristics
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
A GIS-based technique was developed for estimating streambank erosion rates for more accurately predicting total sediment loads at the watershed scale without the use of detailed field data. This technique relies on the use of data sets that are easily obtained and expressed as GIS data layers. The basis of this technique are statistical relationships between “lateral erosion rates” and watershed characteristics such as curve number, grazing animal density, topographic slope, soil erodibility, and degree of urban development. An algorithm for estimating streambank erosion was incorporated into a GIS-based watershed model. Simulated and observed sediment loads were compared for twenty-eight …
Spatially Distributed Watershed Mapping And Modeling: Gis-Based Storm Runoff Response And Hydroraph Analysis: Part 2
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Advances in scientific knowledge and new techniques of remote sensing permit a better understanding of the physical land features governing hydrologic processes, and make possible efficient, large-scale hydrologic modeling. The need for land-cover and hydrologic response change detection at a larger scale and at times of the year when hydrologic studies are critical makes satellite imagery the most cost effective, efficient and reliable source of data. In this work, remotely-sensed data and geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to estimate the changes in runoff response for three watersheds (Etonia, Econlockhatchee, and S-65A sub- basins) in Florida. Land-use information from …
Gis Integration Of Remote Sensing And Electrical Sounding Data For Hydrogeological Exploration
Gis Integration Of Remote Sensing And Electrical Sounding Data For Hydrogeological Exploration
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Interpretation of hydrogeological data frequently involves assimilating information from many sites each with a unique geographical location. Interpretation of these data requires that the spatial location be incorporated into the analysis. Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used efficiently for this purpose where hydrogeological data having different spatial identity can be analyzed objectively using different logical approaches. In the present paper GIS is used for the analysis of hydrogeological data acquired from remote sensing and surface geophysical techniques for the assessment of groundwater condition of a soft rock terrain in Midnapur District, West Bengal, India. Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-1B) LISS-II …
Application Of A Rational Model In Gis For Flood Risk Assessment In Accra, Ghana
Application Of A Rational Model In Gis For Flood Risk Assessment In Accra, Ghana
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Accra has been experiencing periodic flooding that affect properties and lives. The government seeing the dangers involved has commissioned institutions such as Ministry of Works and Housing, Town and Country Planning and City Engineers to identify flood risk zones and adapt measures that will help reduce flood damages. These institutions identify flood risk zones using conventional methods such as watermarks on buildings and reported cases in the news media. Works carried out by these agencies were not able to give details about potential areas that are likely to experience this extreme event. Hence there was the need to find a …
Spatial Correlation Between Radon (222rn) In Groundwater And Bedrock Uranium (238u): Gis And Geostatistical Analyses
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
This study describes approaches to create surface maps of radon in groundwater based on measurements of radon (222Rn) in drilled bedrock wells at unevenly distributed sites and uranium bedrock maps from the South East of Sweden, the Östergotland county (N 58°14’ – N 58°56’ and E 14°53’ – E 16°06’), see figure 1. Geostatistical techniques of inverse distance weighted (IDW), kriging and cokriging were compared in terms of their interpolation power and correlation between the produced radon in the water layer and the bedrock uranium layer. The goal of these analyses and calculations is to improve our understanding …