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Brigham Young University

Faculty Publications

1996

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Three-Dimensional Display Utilizing A Diffractive Optical Element And An Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display, Gregory P. Nordin, M. W. Jones, S. T. Kowel, J. H. Kulick, R. G. Lindquist Dec 1996

Three-Dimensional Display Utilizing A Diffractive Optical Element And An Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display, Gregory P. Nordin, M. W. Jones, S. T. Kowel, J. H. Kulick, R. G. Lindquist

Faculty Publications

We describe the design, construction, and performance of the first real-time autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) display based on the partial pixel 3-D display architecture. The primary optical components of the 3-D display are an active-matrix liquid crystal display and a diffractive optical element (DOE). The display operates at video frame rates and is driven with a conventional VGA signal. Three-dimensional animations with horizontal motion parallax are readily viewable as sets of stereo images. Formation of the virtual viewing slits by diffraction from the partial pixel apertures is experimentally verified. The measured contrast and perceived brightness of the display are excellent, but …

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Densidad De Anglicismos En El Léxico Disponible De La República Dominicana, Orlando Alba Nov 1996

Densidad De Anglicismos En El Léxico Disponible De La República Dominicana, Orlando Alba

Faculty Publications

En este artículo se presenta un análisis cuantitativo con el propósito de descubrir la densidad de los anglicismos en el léxico disponible dominicano de acuerdo con diversas variables. Se descubre que el factor más relevante para motivar la presencia de los anglicismos es la diferencia de centros de interés. En unos campos, la densidad es alta (medios de transporte, juegos, el vestido), pero en otros es muy baja e incluso, nula (animales, el cuerpo humano).

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A Fertility Channel Model For Post-Correction Of Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen Oct 1996

A Fertility Channel Model For Post-Correction Of Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen

Faculty Publications

We have implemented a post-processor called SPEECHPP to correct word-level errors committed by an arbitrary speech recognizer. Applying a noisy-channel model, SPEECHPP uses a Viterbi beam-search that employs language and channel models. Previous work demonstrated that a simple word-for-word channel model was sufficient to yield substantial incieases in word accuracy. This paper demonstrates that some improvements in word accuracy result from augmenting the channel model with an account of word fertility in the channel. This work further demonstrates that a modern continuous speech recognizer can be used in "black-box" fashion for robustly recognizing speech for which the recognizer was not …

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Procedurally Rational Decision-Making And Control, Richard L. Frost, Michael A. Goodrich, Wynn C. Stirling Oct 1996

Procedurally Rational Decision-Making And Control, Richard L. Frost, Michael A. Goodrich, Wynn C. Stirling

Faculty Publications

Substantive rationality requires a decision-maker to be a utility maximizer; under this paradigm, the decision is paramount, and not dependent on the computational process used to obtain it. Procedural rationality is dependent on the method used to make the decision; reasonableness of the procedure is paramount. Well-formed problems are amenable to substantive rationality; ill-formed problems are not, but are amenable to procedural rationality. To qualify as being procedurally rational, a methodology must possess a sound epistemological basis, it must be amenable to a formal design synthesis procedure, and it must be consistent with substantive rationality. Epistemic utility theory forms the …

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A Comprehensive Modeling Environment For The Simulation Of Groundwater Flow And Transport, S. J. Owen, Norman L. Jones, J. P. Holland Sep 1996

A Comprehensive Modeling Environment For The Simulation Of Groundwater Flow And Transport, S. J. Owen, Norman L. Jones, J. P. Holland

Faculty Publications

A comprehensive graphical modeling environment has been developed to address the needs of the computer simulation of groundwater flow and transport. The Department of Defense Groundwater Modeling Systems (GMS), developed at the Engineering Computer Graphics Laboratory at Brigham Young University, is part of a multi-year project funded through the Department of Defense, Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. GMS is a graphically based software tool providing facility through all aspects of the groundwater flow and transport modeling process. Facilities include geometric modeling of hydrostratigraphy, two- and three-dimensional mesh generation, graphically based model input for specific flow and transport codes, …

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Bounding Elastic Constants Of An Orthotropic Polycrystal Using Measurements Of The Microstructure, Brent L. Adams, M. J. Beran, T. A. Mason, Ted Olsen Sep 1996

Bounding Elastic Constants Of An Orthotropic Polycrystal Using Measurements Of The Microstructure, Brent L. Adams, M. J. Beran, T. A. Mason, Ted Olsen

Faculty Publications

We show how information about the elastic stiffness and compliance of an orthotropic polycrystal may be obtained from measurements of the statistical properties of the microstructure. We begin by discussing the statistical properties of the governing equations and the hierarchy that results when the equations are averaged. Perturbation solutions are obtained in terms of low-order statistical information. Using methods previously developed, we derive bounds for the elastic stiffnesses and compliances. A heirarchy of bounds is derived using the statistical information obtained from measurements of the microstructure. We discuss the methods used to obtain the correlation functions of the microstructure and …

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Inmates Of Honor: Mormon Cohabs In The Idaho Penitentiary, 1885-1890, Fred E. Woods, Merle W. Wells Sep 1996

Inmates Of Honor: Mormon Cohabs In The Idaho Penitentiary, 1885-1890, Fred E. Woods, Merle W. Wells

Faculty Publications

While stories of Idaho's Mormon polygamists' capture and trial are well known, the prison experiences of these men are not. Since prison overcrowding was a nineteenth-century problem too, they served their sentences in several states. Many kept diaries or journals, and from these personal accounts we can learn a good deal about their life in prison.

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Pelage Coloration In Oldfield Mice (Peromyscus Polionotus): Antipredator Adaptation?, Mark C. Belk, Michael H. Smith Aug 1996

Pelage Coloration In Oldfield Mice (Peromyscus Polionotus): Antipredator Adaptation?, Mark C. Belk, Michael H. Smith

Faculty Publications

Reflectance spectra (in full light and moonlight) of dorsal pelage of 469 adult oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus) comprising nine regional samples were compared to reflectance spectra of corresponding surface and subsurface soil samples to test for a selective effect of predation on color of pelage. Mice were slightly more reddish in hue, generally had more chroma, and were less reflective than soil at all locations. Color of pelage within locations was not significantly correlated with color of soil. Among all locations, brightness of pelage and soil were significantly positively correlated. Among mainland locations, there was a significant positive …

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Structural Phase Transition And Tc Distribution In Hf-Doped Lamno3 Investigated Using Perturbed-Angular-Correlation Spectroscopy, William E. Evenson, David D. Allred, Gary L. Catchen Aug 1996

Structural Phase Transition And Tc Distribution In Hf-Doped Lamno3 Investigated Using Perturbed-Angular-Correlation Spectroscopy, William E. Evenson, David D. Allred, Gary L. Catchen

Faculty Publications

Using perturbed-angular-correlation (PAC) spectroscopy, via the Hf-->Ta probe, we have measured Mn-site electric-field gradients (EFG's) at Ta nuclei in ceramic samples of LaMnO3. Two crystallographic phases coexist over a temperature interval of ≈16 K near the orthorhombic-to-rhombohedral transition at ≈724 K, which shows a thermal hysteresis of ≈1.7±0.2 K. Concurrently, in the two phases, we determined the temperature dependence of the EFG parameters, Vzz, ƞ, and δ, and the ratio of the probe concentrations A1/A2. To explain the apparent coexistence of two phases in this weakly first-order transition, we present a model that assumes a spatial distribution of Tc …

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Privatizing Public Lands, B. Gardner Delworth Jul 1996

Privatizing Public Lands, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

The federal government owns and controls more than 4 7 percent of the land in the Western United States'. The Interior department has jurisdiction over approximately 450 million acres, most of it used primarily for livestock grazing and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The federal forests, managed by the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture, contain about 325 million acres and include some of the prime timbergrowing lands in the world. Vast acreage's are also found in the national parks and Indian reservations. Most of federal land is used by recreationists of many types and is …

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Robust Optimization Using Training Set Evolution, Tony R. Martinez, Dan A. Ventura Jun 1996

Robust Optimization Using Training Set Evolution, Tony R. Martinez, Dan A. Ventura

Faculty Publications

Training Set Evolution is an eclectic optimization technique that combines evolutionary computation (EC) with neural networks (NN). The synthesis of EC with NN provides both initial unsupervised random exploration of the solution space as well as supervised generalization on those initial solutions. An assimilation of a large amount of data obtained over many simulations provides encouraging empirical evidence for the robustness of Evolutionary Training Sets as an optimization technique for feedback and control problems.

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Increasing Husbands' Involvement In Domestic Labor: Issues For Therapists, Kipling S. Rasmussen, Alan J. Hawkins, Kenneth P. Schwab Jun 1996

Increasing Husbands' Involvement In Domestic Labor: Issues For Therapists, Kipling S. Rasmussen, Alan J. Hawkins, Kenneth P. Schwab

Faculty Publications

As a result of the dramatic increase in women's participation in the work force, more relationship therapists are seeing couples who are dissatisfied with how domestic labor is divided in their homes. Although, this issue may seem therapeutically straightforward, there are many aspects which make its renegotiation surprisingly problematic and complex. This article is an effort to delineate some of these issues such as engaging men in therapy, exploring emotional issues connected with housework, and the mechanism of gatekeeping. Also included is a therapeutic framework for addressing client concerns about domestic responsibilities.

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Heterogeneous Radial Basis Function Networks, Tony R. Martinez, D. Randall Wilson Jun 1996

Heterogeneous Radial Basis Function Networks, Tony R. Martinez, D. Randall Wilson

Faculty Publications

Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks typically use a distance function designed for numeric attributes, such as Euclidean or city-block distance. This paper presents a heterogeneous distance function which is appropriate for applications with symbolic attributes, numeric attributes, or both. Empirical results on 30 data sets indicate that the heterogeneous distance metric yields significantly improved generalization accuracy over Euclidean distance in most cases involving symbolic attributes.

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A Robust System For Natural Spoken Dialogue, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen, Bradford W. Miller, Teresa Sikorski Jun 1996

A Robust System For Natural Spoken Dialogue, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen, Bradford W. Miller, Teresa Sikorski

Faculty Publications

This paper describes a system that leads us to believe in the feasibility of constructing natural spoken dialogue systems in task-oriented domains. It specifically addresses the issue of robust interpretation of speech in the presence of recognition errors. Robustness is achieved by a combination of statistical error post-correction, syntactically- and semantically-driven robust parsing, and extensive use of the dialogue context. We present an evaluation of the system using time-to-completion and the quality of the final solution that suggests that most native speakers of English can use the system successfully with virtually no training.

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A Brief Introduction To Formal Methods, Paul E. Black, Kelly M. Hall, Michael D. Jones, Trent N. Larson, Phillip J. Windley May 1996

A Brief Introduction To Formal Methods, Paul E. Black, Kelly M. Hall, Michael D. Jones, Trent N. Larson, Phillip J. Windley

Faculty Publications

As hardware designs grow in size and complexity, current design methods are proving less adequate. Current methods for specification, design, and test are typically empirical or informal, that is, they are based on experience and argument. Formal methods are solidly based on mathematical logic systems and precise rules of inference. Formal methods offer a discipline which complements current methods so designers can successfully meet the demand for high performance systems. Formal methods covers a broad and diverse set of techniques aimed at improving computer correctness. This paper explains the role of specifications and implementation models in formal methods, and different …

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Simulations Of Electrostatic Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas With Small Aspect Ratio In A Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer, Jonathan A. Bennett May 1996

Simulations Of Electrostatic Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas With Small Aspect Ratio In A Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer, Jonathan A. Bennett

Faculty Publications

The dependence on induced charge, experimental geometry, and temperature of electrostatic modes in very low aspect ratio non-neutral plasmas in a Penning trap is considered. The modes are of interest as non-destructive diagnostics of the shape of the plasmas. These investigations include equilibrium calculations of plasma shapes and profiles at finite temperature and particle-in-cell simulations of axisymmetric modes. The results of the simulations are compared to the zero-temperature theory by Dubin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2076 (1991)] taken to first-order in the aspect ratio and to experimental measurements by Weimer et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 3842 (1994)]. In general, …

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Error Correction Via A Post-Processor For Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen May 1996

Error Correction Via A Post-Processor For Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a new technique for overcoming several types of speech recognition errors by post-processing the output of a continuous speech recognizer. The post-processor output contains fewer errors, thereby making interpretation by higher-level modules, such as a parser, in a speech understanding system more reliable. The primary advantage to the post-processing approach over existing approaches for overcoming SR errors lies in its abilityto introduce options that are not available in the SR module’s output. This work provides evidence for the claim that a modern continuous speech recognizer can be used successfully in “black-box” fashion for robustly interpreting spontaneous utterances …

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Dependence Of The Normalized Radar Cross Section Of Water Waves On Bragg Wavelength-Wind Speed Sensitivity, David G. Long, R. Scott Collyer, David V. Arnold May 1996

Dependence Of The Normalized Radar Cross Section Of Water Waves On Bragg Wavelength-Wind Speed Sensitivity, David G. Long, R. Scott Collyer, David V. Arnold

Faculty Publications

Measurements of the normalized radar cross section (O) made by the YSCAT ultrawideband scatterometer during an extended deployment on the Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) Research Tower located at Lake Ontario are analyzed and compared with anemometer wind measurements to study the sensitivity of O to the wind speed as a function of the Bragg wavelength. This paper concentrates on upwind and downwind azimuth angles in the wind speed range of 4.5-12 m/s. While YSCAT collected measurements of O at a variety of frequencies and incidence angles, this paper focuses on frequencies of 2.0, 3.05, 5.30, 10.02, and 14.0 …

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Compressing Semi-Structured Text Using Hierarchical Phrase Identifications, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Craig G. Nevill-Manning, Ian H. Witten Apr 1996

Compressing Semi-Structured Text Using Hierarchical Phrase Identifications, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Craig G. Nevill-Manning, Ian H. Witten

Faculty Publications

The structure of this paper is as follows. We begin by identifying some characteristics of semi-structured text that have special relevance to data compression. We then give a brief account of a particular large textual database, and describe a compression scheme that exploits its structure. In addition to providing compression, the system gives some insight into the structure of the database. Finally we show how the hierarchical grammar can be generalized, first manually and then automatically, to yield further improvements in compression performance.

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Grain-Boundary Structure Effects On Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Alloy X-750, Brent L. Adams, Ted Olsen, N. Panayotou, Y. Pan Apr 1996

Grain-Boundary Structure Effects On Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Alloy X-750, Brent L. Adams, Ted Olsen, N. Panayotou, Y. Pan

Faculty Publications

This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-88ER 45355. TO was supported by the National Science Foundation during her 1993-94 stay at the Institute for Advanced Studies (Princeton) under grant DMS-9304580. The authors wish to acknowledge helpful discussion with Carol Nichols, John Hack, Gino Palumbo, Karl Aust, and Gary Was. It is well known that the properties and behavior of grain boundaries are strongly affected by local chemistry and atomic structure. This paper focuses on the mesoscale description of grain boundary structure (i.e. the five crystallographic degrees of freedom) and correlations with intergranular stress corrosion …

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Calibration Of Spaceborne Scatterometers Using Tropical Rain Forests, David G. Long, Gary B. Skouson Mar 1996

Calibration Of Spaceborne Scatterometers Using Tropical Rain Forests, David G. Long, Gary B. Skouson

Faculty Publications

Wind scatterometers are radar systems designed specifically to measure the normalized radar backscatter coefficient (O) of the ocean's surface in order to determine the near-surface wind vector. Postlaunch calibration of a wind scatterometer can be performed with an extended-area natural target such as the Amazon tropical rain forest. Rain forests exhibit a remarkably high degree of homogeneity in their radar response over a very large area though some spatial and temporal variability exist. The authors present a simple technique for calibrating scatterometer data using tropical rain forests, Using a polynomial model for the rolloff of O with incidence angle, the …

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Let's Surf-The-Net! World-Wide Web (Www) Sites In Italy, Or: How/Why Include A Web-Browser Component In Culture And Civilization Classes, Ilona Klein Jan 1996

Let's Surf-The-Net! World-Wide Web (Www) Sites In Italy, Or: How/Why Include A Web-Browser Component In Culture And Civilization Classes, Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

First, this essay details the technical elements required to set up a computer for Web-surfing, then it discusses the rationale for a Web-browser component in Culture and Civilization courses. The first part of this study (the technical portion) is geared specifically toward teachers with little or no familiarity with the Internet and the World-Wide Web. In the second part of the article, the applied-pedagogy aspects of Web-browsing are provided for all colleagues in the profession, proficient or not in cyberspace surfing. This article argues that the internet and the World-Wide Web are here to stay and that, within certain limitations, …

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Development Of A Method For Studying Thematic Content Of Psychotherapy Sessions, P. Scott Richards, Susan D. Lonborg Jan 1996

Development Of A Method For Studying Thematic Content Of Psychotherapy Sessions, P. Scott Richards, Susan D. Lonborg

Faculty Publications

The authors developed a measure for categorizing the nature of the topic that clients and therapists discuss from moment to moment during psychotherapy. The Counseling Topic Classification System (CTCS) contains 55 topics and 8 emotional categories. It was used to code the thematic content of Donald Meichenbaum's and Hans Strupp's initial therapy sessions with a client named Richard. Our findings provided preliminary evidence that the CTCS is useful for coding the core topic of initial therapy sessions and that thematic content may be an important process and contextual vari- able. Methods are described for studying thematic content as a contextual …

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Conversion Of Coal Tar To Soot During Coal Pyrolysis In A Post-Flame Environment, Thomas H. Fletcher, Jinliang Ma, Brent W. Webb Jan 1996

Conversion Of Coal Tar To Soot During Coal Pyrolysis In A Post-Flame Environment, Thomas H. Fletcher, Jinliang Ma, Brent W. Webb

Faculty Publications

Coal pyrolysis experiments were performed in the postflame region of a CH4/H2/air flat-flame burner operating under fuel-rich conditions, where the temperature and gas compositions were similar to those in the near-burner region of a large-scale coal-fired furnace. Volatiles released from the coal particles formed a cloud of soot particles at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The soot particles in the cloud were collected at different residence times using a water-cooled, nitrogen-quenched suction probe. Test variables included the reaction temperature and coal type. Soot yields in terms of weight percentage of dry ash-free coal were measured based on bulk …

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Chemical Structure Of Coal Tar During Devolatilization, Thomas H. Fletcher, Mathew Watt Jan 1996

Chemical Structure Of Coal Tar During Devolatilization, Thomas H. Fletcher, Mathew Watt

Faculty Publications

Three coals of different rank were pyrolyzed in a drop-tube reactor at a maximum temperature of 900 K and a residence time of 160 ms. The coal and char were analyzed with solid-state 13C NMR. The tar was dissolved in deuterated methylene chloride. It was found that the tar was only partially soluble in CD2Cl2. The nonsoluble tar portion was analyzed in the same manner as the coal and char, while the soluble tar portion was analyzed using a recently developed high-resolution 13CNMRtechnique developed for liquid phases. The tar structure was found to be significantly …

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Effects Of Pyrolysis Heating Rate On Intrinsic Reactivities Of Coal Chars, Thomas K. Gale, Calvin H. Bartholomew, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 1996

Effects Of Pyrolysis Heating Rate On Intrinsic Reactivities Of Coal Chars, Thomas K. Gale, Calvin H. Bartholomew, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

The main objective of this work was to determine the effects of pyrolysis heating rate on intrinsic O2 reactivity of coal chars. Relationships of intrinsic reactivity to other pyrolysis conditions and char physical and chemical structure were also investigated, and empirical correlations were obtained. Two different entrained flow reactors (a flat flame methane/air burner and a drop tube reactor) were used to prepare chars under a variety of different pyrolysis conditions at maximum particle temperatures and heating rates of 840-1627 K and 104 to 2x105 K/s, respectively. Intrinsic reactivities of a lignite and two bituminous coal chars …

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Chen, W., L. D. Smoot, S. C. Hill, And T. H. Fletcher, “Global Rate Expression For Nitric Oxide Reburning. Part 2,” Energy And Fuels, 10, 1046-1052 (1996)., Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Scott C. Hill, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 1996

Chen, W., L. D. Smoot, S. C. Hill, And T. H. Fletcher, “Global Rate Expression For Nitric Oxide Reburning. Part 2,” Energy And Fuels, 10, 1046-1052 (1996)., Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Scott C. Hill, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

An investigation of a global reburning-NO reaction, sum(CiHj) + NO => HCN + . . ., which is a reduction pathway of nitric oxide (NO) by reaction with gaseous hydrocarbons, was conducted. The global reburning-NO rate expression was deduced from a combination of elemental reactions. The global rate expression and its rate constants were then determined by correlating predicted species profiles from simple hydrocarbon flames. This global reburning-NO rate constant can be expressed as 2.7x106 exp(-18,800/RT) (gmol/cm3 s). This expression and constants are applicable to atmospheric pressure with an equivalence ratio range of 1.0-2.08 …

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A Computational Method For Determining Global Fuel-No Rate Expressions. Part 1, Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Thomas H. Fletcher, Richard D. Boardman Jan 1996

A Computational Method For Determining Global Fuel-No Rate Expressions. Part 1, Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Thomas H. Fletcher, Richard D. Boardman

Faculty Publications

Global chemical reaction rates used in the modeling of NOx formation in comprehensive combustion codes have traditionally been obtained through correlation of experimental data. In this paper, a computational approach for obtaining global rates is presented. Several premixed flames were simulated, and sensitivity analysis of species concentration profiles was used to suggest global pathways in fuel-nitrogen conversion to NO. Based on these analyses, the global reaction rates were formulated. The predicted species concentration profiles and their derivatives were then used in the determination of the global rate constants. The correlation of rate constants for the two fuel-NO global rates …

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Nitrogen Release During Coal Combustion, Thomas H. Fletcher, Larry L. Baxter, Reginald E. Mitchell, Robert H. Hurt Jan 1996

Nitrogen Release During Coal Combustion, Thomas H. Fletcher, Larry L. Baxter, Reginald E. Mitchell, Robert H. Hurt

Faculty Publications

Experiments in entrained flow reactors at combustion temperatures are performed to resolve the rank dependence of nitrogen release on an elemental basis for a suite of 15 U.S. coals ranging from lignite to low-volatile bituminous. Data were obtained as a function of particle conversion, with overall mass loss up to 99 % on a dry, ash-free basis. Nitrogen release rates are presented relative to both carbon loss and overall mass loss. During devolatilization, fractional nitrogen release from low-rank coals is much slower than fractional mass release and noticeably slower than fractional carbon release. As coal rank increases, fractional nitrogen release …

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The ‘Congregation Of Yhwh’ In The Bible And At Qumran, Dana M. Pike Jan 1996

The ‘Congregation Of Yhwh’ In The Bible And At Qumran, Dana M. Pike

Faculty Publications

THIS study presents the preliminary publication of a small but interesting fragment from Cave 4 at Qumran, commentary on which is followed by a d iscussion of the phrase "congregation of YHWJ-1," which is found on the fragment and in the Bible.

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