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Deductibility Of Expenses For Child Care And Household Services: New Section 214, Alan L. Feld Apr 1972

Deductibility Of Expenses For Child Care And Household Services: New Section 214, Alan L. Feld

Faculty Scholarship

It is increasingly common to find families composed of husband, wife and young children, where both husband and wife are gainfully employed. For some, this pattern is regarded as preferable to the older "ideal" family, where the husband was the sole breadwinner and the wife cared for the children, performed household chores and perhaps engaged in social or charitable activities. Where both spouses are gainfully employed, it is often necessary for the family to employ household help to care for the children and do the housework. These expenditures are "necessary" to the gainful employment of both spouses in the sense …


Logic And Coercion In Bentham's Theory Of Law, David B. Lyons Feb 1972

Logic And Coercion In Bentham's Theory Of Law, David B. Lyons

Faculty Scholarship

Unlike conventional moral standards and other social rules, laws can be deliberately laid down and changed by specified procedures. It therefore seems reasonable to think of laws as issuing from or adopted by lawmakers who are ordinary human beings. Since laws tell us what must or must not be done, and since there is some temptation to understand all laws on the same pattern, it is natural to think of them as either commands or prohibitions. This is indeed a traditional view.


Medical Remedies And Human Rights: Why Civil Rights Lawyers Must Become Involved In Medical Decision-Making, George J. Annas Jan 1972

Medical Remedies And Human Rights: Why Civil Rights Lawyers Must Become Involved In Medical Decision-Making, George J. Annas

Faculty Scholarship

As recently as the turn of the century a random patient meeting a random physician had less than a 50:50 chance of benefiting from the encounter. Physicians were just beginning to emerge from the era when they were essentially tradesmen, often with little more to offer their patients than comfort and company during illness and death. The principal causes of mortality were the infectious diseases against which the medical community stood impotent. There were few medical schools, few diagnostic tests, no specific treatment of disease, and no specialization of physicians. In the words of former AMA president Dwight L. Wilbur, …


The Indigent's Right To A Transcript Of Record, Larry Yackle Jan 1972

The Indigent's Right To A Transcript Of Record, Larry Yackle

Faculty Scholarship

There is no more fascinating subject in the field of federal constitutional law than the relationship between due process and equal protection, concepts brought together in the fourteenth amendment. Governmental action that is fundamentally unfair and a denial of due process may also involve discriminatory treatment and a denial of equal protection.' Accordingly, in a number of cases the distinction between the two concepts has been blurred. In Douglas v. California, the Supreme Court held that on first appeal counsel must be furnished to indigents at state expense because the failure to provide professional representation is both fundamentally unfair and …


The Legal And Regulatory Framework For Thermal Discharge From Nuclear Power Plants, Michael S. Baram Jan 1972

The Legal And Regulatory Framework For Thermal Discharge From Nuclear Power Plants, Michael S. Baram

Faculty Scholarship

As the rate of electricity generation increases, and as more nuclear power plants-in contrast to fossil fuel and hydro-electric facilities-are built to meet power needs, the use of cooling water and its subsequent discharge in heated states into the environment is expected to rise to massive levels. Estimates of future cooling water use vary and are subject to technical and economic developments, but by 1990, between 640 and 850 billion gallons per day are expected to be required. This range of water use can be roughly equated to one-half to three fourths of the average daily run-off of fresh water …