Digital Commons Network^™

The Assessments Of Internet-Based Technology Use By University Academic Members, Mohammed Alghamdi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Social networking applications (SNAs), as technologies that rely on internet infrastructure, are widely used as platforms for user interaction, content creation and social communication. However, in recent years, SNAs have been used in the context of teaching and learning, and this aspect, as well as others, has attracted research attention. Limited research has investigated the motivations and barriers to teaching with SNAs in higher education, and so this study sought to examine the purposes, motivations and barriers associated with SNA use in education among academic members at Albaha University, Saudi Arabia. A quantitative research design involving a sample of academic …

Caee: Communication-Aware, Energy-Efficient Vm Placement Model For Multi-Tier Applications In Large Scale Cloud Data Centers, Soha Rawas, Ahmed Zekri

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

the increasing demand for cloud computing services has led to the adoption of large-scale cloud data centers (DCs) to meet the user’s requirements. Efficiency and managing of such DCs have become a challenging problem. Consequently, energy-efficient solutions to optimize the whole DC energy consumption, optimize the application’s performance and reduce the cloud provider operational cost are crucial and needed. This paper addressed the problem of Virtual Machines (VMs) placement of multi-tier applications to maximize the compute resources utilization, minimize energy consumption, and reduce network traffic inside modern large-scale cloud DCs. The VM placement problem with communication dependencies among the VMs …

Control Of Mr Damper Using Anfis And Pid Controller For Optimum Vehicle Ride Comfort, Mohammad Faisal Yakhni, Mohamad Ali, Mohamed El-Gohary

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Suspension system design is an important challenging duty that facing car manufacturers, so the challenge has become to design the best system in terms of providing ride comfort and handling ability under all driving situations. The goal of this paper is to provide assistance in enhancing the effectiveness of the suspension system. A full car model with eight Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) was developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Validation of the Simulink model was obtained. The model was assumed to travel over a speed hump that has a half sine wave shape and amplitude that changing from 0.01 to 0.2 m. The …

Antibacterial Effect And Phytochemical Analysis Of The Shoot System Of Rubus Canescens Dc. Growing In Lebanon, Omar Assafiri, Hiba Abdallah, Mohammed El-Dakdouki

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The misuse of antibiotics followed by improved fitness of resistant strains of infectious microorganisms hindered the efficacy of many known antimicrobial agents, and fueled research for the discovery of novel remedies. The current study aims at assessing the antimicrobial activity and understanding the mechanism of action of Rubus canescens DC. growing wild in Lebanon, as well as qualitatively determining its phytochemical profile. The antibacterial activity, MIC, and MBC of the extracts were evaluated by two-fold dilution. Time-kill curves were plotted to assess the bactericidal activity of the R. canescens DC. extracts against the growth of microorganisms, and TEM images were …

Waterpipe: A Global Alarming Problem, Tarek Houri, Bilal Osta, Sara Mobayed, Rayan Farha, Mazher Issa

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Waterpipe popularity has increased significantly in the recent decades to become the major cause of death worldwide. This practice, which is also known as hookah, shisha and Narghile that is based on tobacco burning, increases the percentage of tobacco smokers especially among young people, due to several factors such as the attracting effect of sweetened tobacco, the marketing role and the social acceptance of waterpipe. A literature review was constructed using "Pub med" as a searching tool to confirm by studies the differences in adverse effects between waterpipe and cigarette by analyzing the toxicant’s levels generated from them, evaluating the …

Moringa Oleifera Leaves Aqueous Extract Induce Apoptosis In Ht29 Cell Line, Farah Reda, Jamila Borjac, Julnar Usta

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Moringa oleifera (MO) tree has been recognized for the nutritional and medicinal values, attributing anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and antidiabetic activities of the alcoholic and/or water extracts to its various parts. Recent research has focused on therapeutic anti-cancerous effects of the water extract of MO leaves (MOE), commonly consumed as hot beverage. In-vitro cytotoxicity on esophageal, lung, and breast cancer cells were reported by MOE. The aim in this study is to investigate the anti-cancerous potential of MOE on the colon carcinoma HT29 cells. MO water extract (MOE) was prepared at concentrations (0.1%-0.5%). MOE anti-proliferative effect on HT29-cells was assessed by measuring …

Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies Of Mn2o3/Co3o4-Glucose/Lactose Complexes, Alaa Abdallah, Jamalat Al Boukhari, Rana Najjar

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

As nanoparticles serve as mediators in the electron transfer between biomolecules and a biosensor’s electrode surface, this study is dedicated to investigating Mn2O3 and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their photoluminescence effect that play a critical role in sensing glucose and lactose. The chemical coprecipitation method was adopted for preparing the nanoparticles that were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray, UV-vis spectroscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. It was found that the obtained Mn2O3 and Co3O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared, with a crystallite size of 65.91 and 58.00 nm, respectively. The high specific surface area …

Activation Of Fly Ash To Stabilise Lead Contaminated Soils And Solutions, Mabrouk Hassan Arhoma

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The role of pH on removal of metal contaminated solution was investigated by adding gradually drops of NaOH to lead solutions, the increase of the pH was observed and concentration of lead solution was measured by using ICP. The activated \ pulverised fly ash (PFA) was used as stabilizing material. The leaching behaviour of lead was investigated using 5 grams of the soil thoroughly mixed with 0.1g of the stabilising material in a polypropylene container to which 50ml of either deionised water; the mixture was shaken on a flat bed shaker for 2h, and then filtered using a What man …

Corrosion Of Coated And Uncoated Steel Reinforcement In Concrete, Jana Abou Shakra, Rouba Joumblat, Jamal Khatib, Adel Elkordi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the one of the main causes of deterioration in reinforced concrete structure. During the initial stage of corrosion, the steel volume increases. This creates tensile stresses in the concrete, which can eventually lead to cracking, delamination, and spalling. This potential risk of corrosion in a structure is quite unpredictable. Therefore, this paper examines the influence of accelerated corrosion on the bond between concrete and the coated and uncoated steel bars. The bar coating consisted of epoxy rich in zinc. Six concrete mixes were prepared. Three mixes had cement contents of 300, 400 and 500 Kg/m3 …

Effect Of Using Cathode-Ray Tubes (Crt) Waste Glass On Concrete Properties, Jad Bawab, Jamal Khatib, Ali Jahami, Said Kenai, Adel Elkordi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Cathode-ray tube (CRT) glass is a hazardous material that should be responsibly managed when disposed. One of the possible options for recycling CRT waste glass is using it as fine aggregates in concrete for its richness in silica. For the aim of evaluating concrete with this material, four mixes with replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% are prepared. Workability, hardened density, ultra-pulse velocity, compressive strength, tensile strength, and static modulus of elasticity were examined. Experimental results showed that the use of CRT improved properties of concrete at certain replacement levels. CRT glass improved the workability of concrete where …

Concrete Mix Design Using Simple Equations, Hakim Abdelgader, Ramadan Suleiman, Abdalla Adam, Jamal Khatib

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The behaviour of concrete, whether fresh or hardened, depends basically on the behaviour of its components and the relationship between them, therefore, obtaining a concrete with certain properties depends fundamentally on the concrete mix design. Concrete mix design generally includes two main steps: 1-Selection of the main components suitable for the concrete (cement, aggregate, water, and additives); 2-Determination of more economical mix ratios to fulfil the workability, strength and efficiency requirements. Currently, there are many international methods locally approved for mix designs. They are all related to each other, they give relatively the same quantities of the mix components and …

Essential Control To Environmental Regulations For Oil And Gas Industry: Spotlight On Drilling Processes In Lebanon, Rami Harkouss

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

At present, environmental legislation bounds the drilling operators in drilling wastes removal. The rapid increasing sensitivity of drilling waste management forced many countries to develop environmental guidelines for their drilling operations. This research studies some sorts of waste produced during upstream petroleum activities, particularly while drilling. After that, many hazards and impacts on the environment are addressed, as well as their principal treatment techniques. This paper gives a modest and theoretical vision over the present environmental standard and waste management design, realized at a universal scale. Studies show that performance fluid management and total fluid management are highly recommended in …

Foreign Investments In Disputed Maritime Zones: Maritime Disputes As Events Of Force Majeure In International Law And International Investment Contracts, Hazem M. Kassem

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

Sovereign rights in Exclusive economic zones and Continental shelves are functionally limited to the economic exploitation of these zones. Moreover, in the case of disputed maritime zones these sovereign rights are neither exclusive nor necessarily constant. Nevertheless, states are still expected to provide the investments established in these zones the same treatment they should provide in their territories where they exercise full and constant sovereignty. If a host state agrees to the establishment of an investment in a maritime zone that become later contested, do the occurrence of the contestation and the hazards arising from such contestation relief the host …

The Rule Of Commonly Known Is Equal To The Conditional, د. زينب درويش

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

Custom (commonly known) has a place in Sharia and law. The rule under study can include many texts of the law in its various branches. To study this important rule, several questions have been asked about it: Is this rule true, what is its concept, what are its limits, what is it withheld and what are its applications? And if what people are familiar with is not accepted by Sharia or not implied by law, goes under this rule? Can what people are familiar with be considered a custom and in this way can be applied by the law? What …

Electronic Transaction And Personal Data Law-Execution Of The Contract, د.المعتصم بالله أدهم

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

With the enactment of the new e-transaction and data protection law issued on 10 October 2018, electronic contracts were acknowledged. The new law has brought some improvements to the legislative framework that are certainly going to help the development of the electronic commerce. In this paper, we will try to identify and clarify this new law particularly concerning the execution of the e-contract.

Commentary On The Decision Of State Shura Council Number 421/2017-2018 Issued On February 8 February 2018, د. محمد عبد العال ابراهيم

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

On February 8, 2018, the State Shura Council issued its decision No. (421 / 2017-2018), in which it annulled the implicit decision of the General Directorate of Public Security abstaining to cancel the decisions issued by the Directorate regarding amending the requirements for entry and residence of Syrian citizens to the Lebanese Republic. The importance of the decision lies in the fact that it came to present one of the established principles in the administrative law arena, that is the responsibility of the administration for its actions is not an absolute responsibility; however, it is limited by restrictions that would …

The Legal Responsibility Of The Head Of The State Under Public Law And International Criminal Law, د. ترتيل تركي درويش

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

We have covered in this study, the types of legal accountability of the Head of the State, within the framework of public law and international criminal law. This liability includes:

First: constitutional or political accountability, second: administrative responsibility, third: Criminal responsibility and finally International Criminal Responsibility.

At the end, we had a general recommendation, which is: The head of state is a person by nature, and he is not infallible. Therefore, we can conclude that the head of the state must be constitutionally accountable, with or without powers, and he must be held accountable administratively, whether he is a direct …

Personal Status Between The Sanctity Of The Text And The Legitimacy Of Jurisprudence, د.وفيق حجازي

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

Personal status rules are directly related to human life and have legal effects on social life in general. Those rules are developed conditionally and carefully by the jurisprudence, thus the judge cannot harm its sanctity or deviate from its purposes or neglect to thinking deeply about its implications. Therefore, the judge is given discretionary power regarding the non-textual issues that are subject to customs and change of interests in a way that guarantees family stability and community safety within the legitimacy of jurisprudence whether the text is explicit or the rule is implied.

The New Amendments In The Economic Courts Law Under The Law Number 146 Of The Year 2019, د. خالد أبو الوفا

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

The phenomenon of judicial specialization is urgent in the present era because of the quality and mastery of judicial work. The economic courts were one of the most important steps of Egyptian legislation in the good work of that principle under Law 120 for the year 2008. With the development of the litigation system in Egypt in recent years, the state is moving towards many legislative reforms. This law was one of one of the laws that has been updated, in order to achieve the goal of establishing these courts and to suit the needs of the Egyptian state to …

“Predictive Justice” And Legal Action-Opportunities And Challenges-An In-Depth Critical Study In The Anglo-Saxon And Latin Position, الاستاذ الدكتور محمد عرفان الخطيب

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

This research presents an original academic study that investigates, in an in-depth analytical methodology, one of the most controversial debate issues in the circles of the western, in particular the French, jurisprudence. In his respect, we mean the role of the predictive justice in substantiating the reliability of the legal action from the perspective of clarifying the opportunities that are provided by such justice for such reliability in the Anglo-Saxon and Latin jurisprudence, in addition to the available potentials of its success in increasing such reliability, for the objective of understanding the way of future approaching to such reliability and …

Punitive Damages In The Lebanese Legal System, أ.د سامي بديع منصور

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

The conception of compensation in the Lebanese legal system is based on equalizing between the compensation value and the amount of damage, and mainly this conception is independent of the notion of mistake and its aggravation. This Article 134 of the Lebanese Code of Obligations and Contracts stated expressly the latter idea and took into consideration the moral damages not only the materials ones. This conception of compensation adopted in Civil law legal systems differs radically and clearly from the idea of compensation in the Anglo-Saxon laws. Punitive compensation is related to the act committed and its consequences. So, the …

Moral Damage And The Juridical Person- An Analytical Critical Reading Of The Judgement Of The Egyptian Court Of Cassation -The Civil & Commercial Chamber, 22/1/2018, أ.د محمد حسن قاسم

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

This paper is an analytical critical reading of the judgement of the Civil & Commercial chamber of the Egyptian Court of Cassation issued on 01/22/2018, in which it concludes that moral damage is not conceivable unless it strikes a physical person. According to the Court, a Juridical person is immune from such damage. Therefore, the latter cannot be compensated for moral damage unless this damage is coupled with material damage, so that the compensation in this case remains a compensation for material damage.By its decision, the Court adopts a narrow concept of moral damage, which contradicts the provisions of the …

Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography To Evaluate Apical Transportation And Centering Ability Of Waveone, Oneshape And Tornado Rotary Systems: A Clinical Study, Alaaeldeen O. Mais, Amr M. Abdallah, Essam Osman

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

This clinical study was aimed to evaluate apical transportation and centering ability of WaveOne, OneShape files and Tornado rotary system using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Lower molars with a curving angle of buccal canals extending from 15°-45° in 24 patients were arbitrarily divided into three groups (n=8) rendering to the rotary systems used: Group 1, Tornado system, Group 2, WaveOne rotary system, and Group 3, OneShape rotary system. CBCT was used as a diagnostic method to evaluate centering ratio and canal transportation at 2, 5 and 8 mm from apical foramen. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests …

Applied Studies On Enhancing Public Open Spaces Of The Coastal Cities: The Case Of Tripoli City_ Urban Community Of Al-Fayhaa, Nehmat K. Karim

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Over the past three decades there has been a tremendous transformation in cultural heritage, both in terms of practices and in the understanding of cultural heritage. These changes are very much connected to wider changes in the very nature of culture and reflect major social and political transformation. They are also very much evident in the re-shaping of public space in more inclusive ways for diverse histories and experiences (Gerard Delanty). Furthermore, having cultural features in the public spaces of the cities contributes in bringing communities together and strengthening the local economy as well. Thence, enhancing heritage and innovations in …

Economic Growth And Inclusive Growth: A Comparative Analysis In The Escwa Region, Malak Mohammad Ghandour

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Despite the fact that the Economic and Social Commission in Western Asia (ESCWA) have experienced substantial economic growth, no one can guarantee that this is sufficient enough to reduce chronic unemployment, combat economic insecurity, alleviate poverty or reduce people's frustrations in regards to the increase in income and wealth inequality which has infiltrated many Arab countries. In fact, not all forms of growth are considered effective in promoting structural and social changes as well as enhancing people's standards of living. Consequently, the increasing concerns in regards to rapid and sustained economic growth has led world economies to discover alternative means …

Comparison Between Nano-Hydroxyapatite And Cpp-Acpf In Remineralizing Early Carious Lesions (In Vitro Study), Raneem Saudi, Mohamed A. Ibrahim

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Poor oral hygiene, bacteria and orthodontic appliances mainly lead to early demineralized lesions where early detection and diagnosis of the lesion is a must so that it can be assessed and cured with the least invasive treatment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on early demineralized enamel using DIAGNOdent pen and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Materials and methods: A total of 60 enamel specimens were divided into four groups (n=15), where Group A: experimental; treated with nano-HA tooth paste, Group B: self-control for group A, Group C: experimental; …

Human Resources Management Practices And Employee Engagement: Known And Unknown Aspects In The Literature, Nour Mohamad Fayad, Nasser Fathi Easa

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

The relationship between Human Resources Management Practices (HRMP) and employee engagement has gained significant attention form scholars. Despite the importance of HRMP and its influence on employee engagement in the industry, little research has been done in terms of cultivating a systematic literature review in the subject area. Therefore, this paper aims to present a systematic literature review of articles based on forty highly ranked journals during the period of 1990 to 2017. The paper investigates the historical developments of Human Resources Management (HRM), HRMP, and employee engagement in order to present the conceptual evolvement and elaboration of the relationship …

Stress Analysis Comparing Effect Of Two Different Cad-Cam Implant Superstructure Materials (In-Vitro Study), Noura Turky Saad, Essam Osman, Ahmed M. Abdelhamid, Mohamed Shokry, Ehab A. Farghaly

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the micro-strain around dental implant using two different CAD/CAM crown fabricated materials through strain gauge analysis. Materials and Methods: Five dental implants were fixed in a 5 previously drilled solid rigid polyurethane test blocks in the edentulous area with neighboring abutments mesial and distal printed out using special 3D Dental printer, Cyanoacrylate adhesive was then used to fix the printed-out part on to the polyurethane test blocks, creating the bounded saddle replicas. Ten CAD/CAM screw retained crowns were fabricated; five Enamic crowns from vita enamic blocks, and five zirconia crowns from presintered katana …

The Impact Of Interactive Internal Audit Function Quality Determinants And Coordination On Audit Report Lag, Rasha Mohammad Nouraldeen, Mohamed Mandour Dr., Wagdi Hegazy Prof.

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

The current study has three main objectives: (1) to investigate the joint impact of internal audit function (IAF) independence factors and competence on the coordination between IAF and external auditor (EA); (2) to examine the effect of coordination on audit report lag; (3) to investigate the joint impact of IAF independence factors and competence on audit report lag. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge there is no previous study shed the light on the interactive impact of IAF quality determinants on coordination and on audit delay. In addition, this study is the first that examines the mediating effect of …

Methods Of Adaptive Reuse In Alexandria’S Buildings With Heritage Values, Mina Nader Morkos

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Due to the rapid progress in the digital technology, using 3D modelling and augmented reality in architecture, now we can transform, create qualitative and sustainable changes in the interior architecture of our architectural heritage, to achieve sustainable cities, this study of the interior architectural solutions developed between architectural heritage, digital registration processes, and parametric construction and fabrication systems. Also using of Information Systems in recording and documenting buildings and archaeological areas.

It helps in designing through computer systems “Virtual Reality” to determine methods of conservation and dealing with archaeological areas and buildings. Using information networks to exchange information globally and …