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American University in Cairo

Theses and Dissertations

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Reporting Sexual Violence: The Victim's Right To Protection And Justice, Nada Shehata Feb 2025

Reporting Sexual Violence: The Victim's Right To Protection And Justice, Nada Shehata

Theses and Dissertations

Incidents of sexual violence are still under-reported to legal institutions in Egypt despite the recent legal amendments. The reasons for under-reporting SV incidents to police stations appear to be the same that justifies victim’s non-reporting or resorting to various social media accounts on Facebook and Instagram as “Daftr Hekayat” and “AssaultPolice” which provided a safe space for them to reveal the assault incidents and warn potential victims from the shamed assailants. As successful as these accounts are, they have their drawbacks. It is not accessible to economically and educationally disadvantaged victims, and lately, the perpetrators started to file defamation lawsuits …


University Students' Wellbeing: A Case Study Of An International Private University In Egypt, Alia Attia Feb 2024

University Students' Wellbeing: A Case Study Of An International Private University In Egypt, Alia Attia

Theses and Dissertations

Wellbeing is a crucial topic that is gaining increasing attention in higher education and should be taken into careful consideration. This is a qualitative case study, using a phenomenological approach, which explores the phenomenon of student wellbeing in an international private university in Egypt. Data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews with a total of fourteen participants: eight purposefully selected students who have taken part in wellbeing programs, initiatives, or events at the American University in Cairo (AUC), as well as six faculty/staff members, leaders, mentors, or coaches in the field were interviewed. In addition to the interviews, conversations were …


Reparation For The Irreparable: Is Punishing International Crimes A Universalist Hoax?, Kholoud Hafez Hassan Jun 2023

Reparation For The Irreparable: Is Punishing International Crimes A Universalist Hoax?, Kholoud Hafez Hassan

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis challenges the conventional discourse on international punishment that emphasizes the development of a single, unified system of international criminal justice. Instead, it advocates for a pluralistic approach that recognizes the fragmented nature of international punishment, which involves various actors, including permanent courts, special tribunals, internationalized tribunals, and domestic courts exercising universal jurisdiction. The sui generis nature of international crimes demands a comprehensive approach to punishment that considers multiple perspectives and norms of diverse actors involved. Rejecting the notion of universalism in determining punishment rationales and promoting accounts of sentencing consistency, the author asserts that a global framework can …


International Criminal Trials Creating A Dominate Narration Of History And Overlooking Historical Blind Spots, Hoor El Masry Feb 2023

International Criminal Trials Creating A Dominate Narration Of History And Overlooking Historical Blind Spots, Hoor El Masry

Theses and Dissertations

History is key to developing a better understanding of the world, what has happened in the past helps one understand the present. Understanding and studying history helps one understand the identity of his country and other countries as well. History can be the link to understanding and connecting events. You can understand why Israel is hated by Arabs when you study the history of its creation. The definition and the determination of history itself are complicated. Regardless of how major the event you are learning about, history remains the stories which are narrated about this specific event. Historians support these …


The Egyptian National Anti-Trafficking Law ‘Adoption Process And Assessment’, Nourhane Awad Feb 2023

The Egyptian National Anti-Trafficking Law ‘Adoption Process And Assessment’, Nourhane Awad

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is about the impact of Egyptian national laws on the protection of African migrants and refugees. Egypt has been considered a transit country for African migrants and refugees fleeing their countries toward European countries or Israel in the past due to its specific geographic location. For that reason, Egypt is considered one of the essential parts of the trafficking process in the middle east. For that reason, it is essential to study and explore how the Egyptian government is controlling and governing the trafficking of persons. In addition, it is important to understand its institutional setup and framework …


Omar Effendi Vs. Union Fenosa: Corruption As A Transnational Public Policy Consideration, Ahmed Badr Eldin Jan 2022

Omar Effendi Vs. Union Fenosa: Corruption As A Transnational Public Policy Consideration, Ahmed Badr Eldin

Theses and Dissertations

At the beginning of 2011, Egypt witnessed radical political developments that led to the emergence of a pressing tendency to adjudicate the collapsed regime’s policies and practices. Shortly thereafter, the Egyptian State Council issued a number of judicial decisions that confirmed that the sale of the privatized governmental enterprises had been tainted by corruption. Crucially, the Court maintained that flagrant breach of law, regulations, and administrative orders that encompassed these transactions created serious suspicions about corruption committed by public officials and investors. It concluded that the existence of corruption, as a transnational public policy consideration, had deprived foreign investors of …


The Judicialization Of Mega-Politics In Egypt’S Administrative Courts: Insight Into The Rulings Of The Egyptian State Council (2000-2020), Ahmed Kamal Bastawisy Jan 2022

The Judicialization Of Mega-Politics In Egypt’S Administrative Courts: Insight Into The Rulings Of The Egyptian State Council (2000-2020), Ahmed Kamal Bastawisy

Theses and Dissertations

The interrelationship between law, courts and politics has always been complex and multidimensional. The role and political significance of courts are prominent dimensions of this interrelationship. Over the past decades, there has been global expansion of judicial power, in parallel with the proliferation of modern constitutionalism principles. One of the fundamental manifestations of this trend is the judicialization of politics- the reliance on courts for addressing pivotal social, economic, moral and political controversies and public policy questions. This phenomenon manifests profound transfer of power from representative institutions, mainly legislatures and executives, to judiciaries. Political importance of courts expanded, in scope, …


Finding Neverland? Artificial Intelligence And The Jurisprudence Of Legal Certainty, Omar Zaky Dec 2021

Finding Neverland? Artificial Intelligence And The Jurisprudence Of Legal Certainty, Omar Zaky

Theses and Dissertations

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models that are capable of predicting the decisions of prominent courts – most notably the European Court of Human Rights and United States Supreme Court – provides us with an opportunity to revisit important jurisprudential debates regarding the quest for legal certainty. Through providing clear distinctions within formalistic jurisprudence, and its, subsequent, realist critique; this thesis seeks to analyze legal decision-making and its relationship with artificial intelligence. I argue that, AI’s deterministic nature and its support for the law being an “entirely self-contained process” does lend some credence to certain jurisprudential arguments. However, this …


The Challenges And Aspirations Of The Digital Transformation Of The State Council Of Egypt, Moustafa Ahmad Kamal Mahmoud Ahmad Jun 2021

The Challenges And Aspirations Of The Digital Transformation Of The State Council Of Egypt, Moustafa Ahmad Kamal Mahmoud Ahmad

Theses and Dissertations

The use of modern technology to support the transformation of governmental public operations and services including judicial ones, with the aim of increasing efficiency, efficacy, and transparency, has spread all over the world, especially in the last four decades. This trend has existed in Egypt since the 1980s but without substantive efforts until the middle of the first decade of the current millennium. Since then, there have been several discussions, plans, and promises regarding the use of modern technology to enhance the effectiveness of judicial operations and services, especially in light of the increasing severe criticism directed towards the Egyptian …


The Basha's Tools? Imagining Alternative Justice Futures In Egypt, Farah Ghazal Jan 2021

The Basha's Tools? Imagining Alternative Justice Futures In Egypt, Farah Ghazal

Theses and Dissertations

The dominant approach to addressing violence against women in Egypt today is carceral, or relying on the punitive instruments of the state to achieve justice (most visibly represented by the prison and police). While carceral responses are perhaps unsurprisingly advocated by state feminism, they are also promoted by what would typically be described as anti-state actors. This paradoxical entanglement takes place during what I identify as the 'carceral moment', a period marked by the intensification of political and social repression and during which incarceration appears more readily available as a solution to remedy perceived problems of governance. I argue that, …


A Critical Analysis Of Dower (Mahr) In Theory And Practice In British India Through Court Records From 1800 To 1939, Sunil Tirkey Sep 2020

A Critical Analysis Of Dower (Mahr) In Theory And Practice In British India Through Court Records From 1800 To 1939, Sunil Tirkey

Theses and Dissertations

The colonial court records between 1800 to 1939 in India show the existence of excessive dower, which were usually paid at the dissolution of marriage to discourage divorce. Supporting this view of excessive dower as a useful device, Mitra Sharafi argues that inflated dower and divorce law protected Muslim women against instant divorce, making it too expensive for husbands to use it. Further, according to her, British judges enhanced women's rights to dower and divorce by pronouncing rulings in favour of a high amount of dower to protect the women against the one-sided authority of men to divorce. Contrary to …


African Refugee Women In Egypt: Lacunae In International Refugee Law And The Erasure Of Disadvantaged Groups, Wigdan Mohamad Jul 2020

African Refugee Women In Egypt: Lacunae In International Refugee Law And The Erasure Of Disadvantaged Groups, Wigdan Mohamad

Theses and Dissertations

Migration is not a recent phenomenon. From the first humans, to people all around the globe today, leave their homes in search of a better life. Since February 2020, Egypt, an attractive destination due to its strategic geolocation, homes the “fifth largest urban refugee population in the world ”. Persecution, political instability, climate degradation, protracted conflicts, unrest, and new wars throughout Africa and Middle Eastern region has caused a dramatic rise of refugees, many of whom make their way to Egypt with the hopes of finding refuge. Egypt hosts a diverse community of refugees, asylum-seekers, and failed asylum-seekers from 58 …


Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Education For Employment: (Learning And Employability Framework), Akram Marwan Feb 2020

Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Education For Employment: (Learning And Employability Framework), Akram Marwan

Theses and Dissertations

Sustainable development has been a global goal and one of the key enablers to achieve the sustainable development goals is by securing decent jobs. However, decent jobs rely on the quality of education an individual has got, which value the importance of studying new education for employment frameworks that work. With the evolution of artificial intelligence that is influencing every industry and field in the world, there is a need to understand the impact of such technology on the education for employment process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and assess how AI can foster the education for …


Overcoming The Conflict Of Jurisdiction In Cybercrime, Abdelmonem Mohamed Magdy Khalifa Feb 2020

Overcoming The Conflict Of Jurisdiction In Cybercrime, Abdelmonem Mohamed Magdy Khalifa

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the different approaches to managing the conflict of criminal jurisdiction over cybercrime with the aim of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It argues that the most effective solution to this dilemma is to determine certain factors to be considered and evaluated by a body established for such a purpose or by the concerned states themselves in order to decide which country will take the exclusive competence over the cybercrime in accordance with the facts of each individual case and taking into account the characteristics of cybercrime. Establishment of these factors should reflect the interests …


Life, Death, And Corporeal Resistance In Immigration Detention, Jana Michelle Moss Feb 2019

Life, Death, And Corporeal Resistance In Immigration Detention, Jana Michelle Moss

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes corporeal strategies of resistance used by immigration detainees in the global North. Corporeal resistance is defined as an act of protest that physically harms the actor but is not intended to harm anyone else. Examples include hunger strikes, lip sewing, self-immolation, and other forms of public suicide. In response to the prevailing public opinion that detainees' acts of self-harm or suicide are simply acts of desperation by disenfranchised people who have nothing to lose, I argue that they can be a logical and strategic response to state necropolitics. Detainees take back corporeal necropower by reasserting control of …


The Death Penalty In Contemporary Egypt: States, Murderers, And State Murderers, Amira Mahmoud Othman Jan 2019

The Death Penalty In Contemporary Egypt: States, Murderers, And State Murderers, Amira Mahmoud Othman

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is an ethnography of the encounters between figures of the state and some death row detainees and their family members. The project explores what it means to be sentenced to death and executed in contemporary death row cases, what fantasies encounters with the ‘state’ imply or satisfy, and how time unfolds throughout the murder. As such, in exploring the genealogy and bureaucratization of murder, this ethnography problematizes the official discourses of abstraction, efficacy, and sanitization around the penalty. Instead, it focuses on the everydayness of the penalty within the legal and penal systems, and draws heavily on the …


Imprisonment For Insolvent Debtors In Egypt With Specific Reference To Al-Gharemoun Cases, Nivert Elsherif Jun 2018

Imprisonment For Insolvent Debtors In Egypt With Specific Reference To Al-Gharemoun Cases, Nivert Elsherif

Theses and Dissertations

Historically, handling debts was a major issue described in the Islamic legal realm and handling insolvent debtors is a category thereof. Recently, in the 21st century in Egypt, the numbers of incarcerated insolvent debtors has increased dramatically constituting one third of the Egyptian prison population. This paper addresses the legal developments relating to adjudication and imprisonment of debtors since the time of the prophet throughout the development of the Islamic legal jurists’ literature that supported practical solutions to debtors’ insolvencies. Investigation of middle age Egyptian and Ottoman court cases are incorporated to prove the success of the Islamic legal system …


Strategic Advantages Of Visual Violence, Roxanne Brook Vigil Jun 2017

Strategic Advantages Of Visual Violence, Roxanne Brook Vigil

Theses and Dissertations

This research discusses the role of visual violence as it relates to non-state actors within asymmetric warfare as a form of indirect coercion, siting the logic of Thomas Schelling. It argues that irrationality, as a perception from the state actor toward the non-state actor is a rational approach in order to produce the desired fear and publicity. The amount of fear and publicity is measured by the amount of inhumanity that is presented within the visual narration and the amount of irrational hysteria that comes from the audience. In using a comparative and visual analysis, two non-state actors who utilized …


Framing Arab Refugees In Global News, Abdulrahman Elsamni Jun 2016

Framing Arab Refugees In Global News, Abdulrahman Elsamni

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the framing of Arab refugees and asylum seekers in the global news, represented by the news stories published on the online edition of CNN. Based on the framing theory, the quantitative content analysis found the attribution of responsibility frame to be the most salient and frequent frame in the coverage of Arab refugees and asylum seekers. The responsibility frame ascribing the Arab refugee crisis or its resolution to different actors and groups surpassed the other four news frames— human interest, conflict, economic consequences, and morality; although the five frames were existent in coverage. The lone hypothesis of …


The Divinity Of Personal Status Law In Egypt, Maha Muhammad Asaad Jun 2016

The Divinity Of Personal Status Law In Egypt, Maha Muhammad Asaad

Theses and Dissertations

The personal status laws in Egypt have been subject to considerable debate. Between Feminists and Islamists; these are some who call for reforms and those who call for the return to the Shari’a. In spite of the differences, the constant in this debate has been the knowledge that the personal status laws are divine. This paper challenges this narrative through examining the historical development of the Shari’a as a whole then move on to specific aspects of the personal status law, namely, divorce and child custody. It argues that the personal status law have been altered and modified through decades, …


Terrorism:An Analysis Of The International Legal Framework, International And Regional Responses Case Study: Syria., Sara Ayman Mohamed Hassan Feb 2016

Terrorism:An Analysis Of The International Legal Framework, International And Regional Responses Case Study: Syria., Sara Ayman Mohamed Hassan

Theses and Dissertations

International law, as a discipline, is obsessed with crises, requiring reinterpretation of its basic principles to cope with them. Through this process of reinterpretation, it also creates new rules. Terrorism is one such ‘crisis’ which has impacted the international legal framework on the use of force, making it deviate from its basis established by the United Nations Charter. This thesis conducts a macro analysis of the changes in the legal framework for combating terrorism after 9/11 and the Arab Spring. It focuses on the Syrian conflict as a case study, analyzing the major actors and their different legal justifications. The …


Assessing The International Criminal Court With The Organizational Effectiveness Approaches, Heba Yehia Abdel Megeed Feb 2016

Assessing The International Criminal Court With The Organizational Effectiveness Approaches, Heba Yehia Abdel Megeed

Theses and Dissertations

The International Criminal Court (‘the ICC’), located in the Hague, Netherlands, the first permanent court tasked with prosecuting the most severe crimes happening internationally. It is critical to assess the effectiveness of the ICC while in reality, there is no consensus on the criteria that should be employed to that end. There are no standards that its stakeholders and observers can refer or agree to in order to assess the Court’s effectiveness. The purpose of this research is to develop a new approach to this issue. It proposes to use the approaches of Organizational Effectiveness Theory in order to gain …


Military Contractors And International Law, Ali Deif Feb 2016

Military Contractors And International Law, Ali Deif

Theses and Dissertations

In the modern world, regulation is a necessity, especially on an international scale. PMSCs or Private Military Security Contractors are groups that are involved with militaries, and in conflict zones around the world. Due to their unique functions and place in international law, they essentially fall into a regulatory gap. PMSCs are non- state actors , but perform a series of roles and functions historically associated with the state. They can be used in multitudes of situations and have even been recruited in the war against drugs. Some see military contractors as, or similar to mercenaries, while others disagree. Many, …


The Coverage Of Children’S Issues In Egyptian Newspapers, Eman Mohamed Serag Jun 2015

The Coverage Of Children’S Issues In Egyptian Newspapers, Eman Mohamed Serag

Theses and Dissertations

This research is about analyzing a sample of the Egyptian newspaper’s coverage on issues related to children in order to determine the dominant subjects, images, and sources used to cover news/articles about or related to children. The purpose of the content analysis research is to give advocates a thorough grounding in the way children’s issues are being portrayed in the news. It is important to understand the current representation of the issues related to children in the Egyptian newspapers, to enhance childhood coverage in the future. Frames used in presenting news/articles and images used in portraying children, were discussed by …


Prospects Of Police Reform In Egypt's Changing Political Environment 2011-2015, Rabha Allam Jun 2015

Prospects Of Police Reform In Egypt's Changing Political Environment 2011-2015, Rabha Allam

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


The Threat Of State Sponsored Cyber Attacks In Canada: To Serve And Protect, Andrew Macdougall Jun 2015

The Threat Of State Sponsored Cyber Attacks In Canada: To Serve And Protect, Andrew Macdougall

Theses and Dissertations

This Masters of Global Affairs project has been constructed for the use as a piece contributing to policy recommendations for the Canadian Federal government on their response to handling state-sponsored cyber attacks on critical national infrastructure (CNI) in Canada. Throughout this project an exploration is undertaken to understand the means of attacks that Canada has faced since the millennium, as well as to see what defense and security measures were of use, and what security measures were under-utilized. By exploring these attacks to Canada’s CNI, clarification on improvements for the federal government on its future state of cyber defense become …


Feminist Engagement In International Criminal Law: A Historiographical Analysis, Sarah El Saeed Feb 2014

Feminist Engagement In International Criminal Law: A Historiographical Analysis, Sarah El Saeed

Theses and Dissertations

This text aims at providing a broad analytical historiography of feminist engagement in international criminal law from the early 20th century until the formation of the modern international legal field with the drafting of the Rome Statute and establishment of the International Criminal Court. It traces the evolvement and coming of age of both the global feminist movement and the international criminal legal project, and the manner in which they came to intersect. The text outlines the modes and methods of feminist engagement in the field, provides a proposed model of the involvement of feminist typologies in international criminal law, …


Egyptian Criminals In Suits- Analytical Study On The Criminology Of White Collar Crimes: Special Focus On Egyptian Cases, Sue Ellen Hassouna Feb 2012

Egyptian Criminals In Suits- Analytical Study On The Criminology Of White Collar Crimes: Special Focus On Egyptian Cases, Sue Ellen Hassouna

Theses and Dissertations

Criminology is the science of crime and until the year 1939 crimes were limited to street or conventional crimes committed by criminals of lower socio-economic segments in the society. After 1939 the American criminologist, Edwin Sutherland, has challenged this stereotype of crimes and criminals through his introduction of white-collar crimes that are perpetrated by elite offenders. However, the term has been introduced and utilized for more than seventy years across criminologists and law enforcement agencies it is still a foreign concept to the Egyptian legal system; hence the Criminal Law Code is predominately focused on mainstream criminalities. This absence of …