Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (2)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (2)
- Architecture (1)
- Arts and Humanities (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
-
- Business (1)
- Business Administration, Management, and Operations (1)
- Chemicals and Drugs (1)
- International Relations (1)
- Life Sciences (1)
- Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics (1)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (1)
- Political Science (1)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (1)
- Keyword
-
- NA (68)
- Egypt (6)
- Migration (4)
- Nanofibers (4)
- Refugees (4)
-
- Financial Inclusion (3)
- Gender (3)
- Nanotechnology (3)
- Access to finance (2)
- Agency (2)
- Antibacterial (2)
- Antioxidant (2)
- Architecture (2)
- Brine (2)
- Cairo (2)
- Child protection (2)
- DFT (2)
- Development (2)
- Education (2)
- Egypt. (2)
- Framing (2)
- Health (2)
- ISIS (2)
- Journalism (2)
- Mamluk (2)
- Marx (2)
- Networked Control Systems (2)
- Neural Networks (2)
- Pharmaceuticals (2)
- Qualitative (2)
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 182
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Novel Magnetic Delivery Systems For Platinum Anticancer Drugs, Lamis Alaa Eldin Refaat
Novel Magnetic Delivery Systems For Platinum Anticancer Drugs, Lamis Alaa Eldin Refaat
Theses and Dissertations
Carboplatin's success in the treatment of major types of cancer has been attributed to its ease of administration and its high therapeutic index. However, despite its superior toxicity profile, myelosuppression remains to be its dose-limiting side effect. Liposomes have been researched extensively as carrier systems for therapeutic agents; their high biocompatibility, their ability to escape the immune system and most importantly their ability to incorporate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs led to numerous liposomal formulations being designed for cancer therapy. Magnetic nanoparticles have been gaining attention as their properties enable them to be used in various therapeutic and diagnostic applications, …
Assessing Egyptians' Knowledge, Perceptions, And Attitudes Towards Generic Medicines, Radwa Ahmed Elmoneer
Assessing Egyptians' Knowledge, Perceptions, And Attitudes Towards Generic Medicines, Radwa Ahmed Elmoneer
Theses and Dissertations
Medicines are vital component of any health system worldwide, and ensuring accessibility of affordable, effective and safe medications is a critical public policy goal considered by every country. Egypt has, recently, faced aggravated challenges in ensuring the availability of medications countrywide. In response, the Egyptian government has adopted a number of pharmaceutical policies and interventions, mainly, targeting the supply side of the market. Promoting the use of generic medicines is an effective policy intervention that addresses the demand side, a highly recommended intervention given other countries’ experiences. As the main users of medications, patients are a crucial source of knowledge …
The Rohingya: Ethnic Nationalism, Domestic Diversionary Targets, And Burmese Post-Colonial Nation Building, Ibrahim Abd-El-Barr
The Rohingya: Ethnic Nationalism, Domestic Diversionary Targets, And Burmese Post-Colonial Nation Building, Ibrahim Abd-El-Barr
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores the question of whether recurring episodes of violence, forced displacement, and other forms of repression against the ethno-religious sub-nationalist identity group, the Rohingya, across Burma's (Myanmar) modern history, are rooted in the implications of post-colonial nation-building or represent independent and self-contained incidents of communal/ethnic violence. The sub-question of whether the modern construct of the Burmese state accurately fits the description of a modern nation-state or whether other paradigms or ideal types better capture the development of the post-colonial Burmese state, is also explored. By revisiting the main events/national framework which have amounted to the Rohingya's exclusion from …
Direct Conversion Of Mouse Fibroblasts Into Osteoblasts And Investigating Cobra1 Expression Responce, Walid Almoafy Alasar
Direct Conversion Of Mouse Fibroblasts Into Osteoblasts And Investigating Cobra1 Expression Responce, Walid Almoafy Alasar
Theses and Dissertations
Fibroblasts are the most common connective tissue cells and are responsible for the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen. They are mainly of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) origin. Fibroblasts are fully differentiated cells although some recent findings reported that fibroblasts possess some potency that allows them to differentiate into other cells types. They are said to undergo adipogenic, chondrogenic, hepatogenic, nurogenic and osteogenic differentiation if grown in the suitable conditions. In the normal physiologic environment, fibroblasts can also differentiate to epithelial cells, a phenomenon known as the mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET). In the current research, we induced L929 mouse …
Novel Antimicrobial Peptide With Anticancer Properties, Sheri Magdy Saleeb Bakheit
Novel Antimicrobial Peptide With Anticancer Properties, Sheri Magdy Saleeb Bakheit
Theses and Dissertations
Cancer is one of the highest leading causes of death at the mean time. There are multiple approaches developed for cancer treatment including chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy. Due to the toxicity and inefficiency of such approaches, small molecules drugs (<0.5 kDa) have emerged to overcome the limitations of current therapeutics. The great potential of peptide drugs emerged from their targeted selectivity and rare resistance acquirement. Previous research has been carried on a 37 residue antimicrobial peptide, and showed dose dependent cytotoxicity on early stage Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). This 37-mer peptide was retrieved from the AUC Red Sea metagenomics data generated during AUC/KAUST Red Sea microbiome project and modified to enhance its anti-cancer activity. The current research aims at characterizing the cytotoxicity of the 37-mer peptide drug on an advanced stage of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SNU449). The anticancer effect of the peptide is tested on cancer cells proliferation, morphology, viability and migration. The peptide cytotoxic effect on normal human erythrocytes is tested, defining its hemolytic activity. Finally, we investigated the peptide antimicrobial property on gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Peptide treatment caused a dose dependent cytotoxicity on SNU449, affecting cellular morphology. The treatment caused differential expression in some major cancer hallmarks involved in proliferation, migration, apoptosis and autophagy. This suggests that upon treatment, cells undergo programmed cell death pathway. The molecular machinery involving apoptosis and autophagy are responsible for peptide cytotoxic effect on the cells. Peptide also showed no considerable hemolytic activity on human red blood cells upon application. Finally, the antimicrobial effect of the peptide is established on both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains.
Drug Shortage In Egypt: Causes And Mitigation Measures, Abeer Alanwar Saad
Drug Shortage In Egypt: Causes And Mitigation Measures, Abeer Alanwar Saad
Theses and Dissertations
Drug shortage is a worldwide problem, which gained the attention of many authorities in recent years including the Egyptian government. The problem has markedly increased in Egypt during the past few years and has had a significant negative impact on patient care with subsequent costly financial implications. Despite the importance of the drug shortage problem and its consequences on the health of Egyptians and society as a whole, only a few researchers have addressed the topic in Egypt. This qualitative study aims at filling the gap and providing a better understanding of the problem in the Egyptian context. To achieve …
Modulation Of Stress Response In Rice Via Genome Editing Of Splicing Factors, Dina Abou-Raiya
Modulation Of Stress Response In Rice Via Genome Editing Of Splicing Factors, Dina Abou-Raiya
Theses and Dissertations
Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are a conserved family of RNA-binding proteins that act as key modulators of alternative splicing. While their functional relevance in plants remains largely unknown, a mounting evidence suggests a central role for these proteins in the response to various stresses. The work presented in this thesis sheds light on the functional significance of OsRS29 and OsRS33, two SR (arginine/serine subfamily) genes in rice as a model. In this study, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system followed by RNA-seq were utilized to target two splicing factors in rice, Os-RS29 and Os-RS33 to examine the transcriptome-wide effects of these double …
Fault-Tolerant Ncss With Video Sensors, Hadeer Ahmed
Fault-Tolerant Ncss With Video Sensors, Hadeer Ahmed
Theses and Dissertations
Networked control systems, NCS, consist of smart nodes: sensors, actuators, and controllers. The use of such smart nodes is essential in smart factories to be able to with deal with Industry 4.0. NCS are widely implemented in lots of critical industrial applications. A main advantage of NCS is the abundant bandwidth. This research presents NCS that utilizes switched Ethernet with 16 sensing nodes, 4 actuation nodes & a smart controller. The model also consists of a smart sensor that has an embedded video controller and its actuator. The smart sensor processes the video captured by the onboard camera and the …
Electrospun Nanofibers Of Polymer Nanocomposite With Cichorium Intybus Extract And Investigating Their Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activities, Ahmed Emadelddin Mohamed
Electrospun Nanofibers Of Polymer Nanocomposite With Cichorium Intybus Extract And Investigating Their Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activities, Ahmed Emadelddin Mohamed
Theses and Dissertations
Micro-organisms causing diseases have been quickly increasing and spreading vastly in their ability to gain resistance against current antibiotics in the market. This results in an enormous mortality rate. Fortunately, Scientists introduced nanotechnology that can further enhance properties of materials in the nanoscale. This allowed further openings to upgrade natural-based products to become more effective and safer than current synthetic antibiotics. In this study, biodegradable polymer nanocomposite made up of Poly Vinyl alcohol (PVA) with Chitosan (CS) was electro-spun using the electro-spinner embedded with Chicory root herbal extract that can potentially be used for targeting Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT) diseases. …
Design Of A Fault-Tolerant Ethernet-Based Networked Control System With Zero-Packet Loss For Critical Time Applications, Khalid Soliman
Design Of A Fault-Tolerant Ethernet-Based Networked Control System With Zero-Packet Loss For Critical Time Applications, Khalid Soliman
Theses and Dissertations
The use of Ethernet as a communication protocol for Networked Control Systems (NCS) is gaining interest in the automation community. The applications of such protocols range from industrial control to automotive and aerospace. The demand for using new architectures to guarantee system tolerance to faults and failures of single or multiple nodes is increasing. This is because such a system design decreases production downtime, thereby increasing system profitability. An NCS Fault-Tolerant system model is proposed and simulated in this study for critical time applications such as pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The simulation results show that the introduced architecture functions appropriately and …
The Effectiveness Of The Elements That Frame Cancer Charity Tv Advertisements In Egypt: A Case Study On 57357 Cchf, Yasmine Kasseb
The Effectiveness Of The Elements That Frame Cancer Charity Tv Advertisements In Egypt: A Case Study On 57357 Cchf, Yasmine Kasseb
Theses and Dissertations
This study analyzed the elements that frame the cancer charity TV advertisements in Egypt and examined the reasons behind its effectiveness from the creator’s point of view. 57357 CCHF was taken as a case study, as it is considered to be one of the well-branded charity organizations that uses TV advertisements effectively. A mixed-method approach was conducted, and it included a content analysis and a focus group. The content analysis covered three years of Ramadan TV advertising campaigns for 57357 CCHF to examine the major elements that were used in its TV advertisements like the type of the appeals, message …
Identification, Expression And Biochemical Characterization Of Amp Phosphorylases From Extreme Environments, Noha Attallah
Identification, Expression And Biochemical Characterization Of Amp Phosphorylases From Extreme Environments, Noha Attallah
Theses and Dissertations
Nucleotide analogs are interesting pharmaceutical intermediates as they represent the active form of nucleoside analog drugs, that are used in the treatment of cancer or viral infections. They are used as precursors in the preparation of artificial oligonucleotides for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Enzymes as active biocatalysts offer numerous advantages over traditional chemical processes with respect to high process selectivity and efficiency. Recently, adenosine-5’-monophosphate phosphorylase (AMP-P) was identified to catalyze the reversible phosphorolysis of nucleotides into nucleobase and ribose-1,5-bisphosphate. Therefore, it is an attractive and promising biocatalyst in the synthesis of nucleotides and their analogs. The availability of enzymes with …
Ibn Taymiyya’S Theory Of Exegesis: Rejecting The Ḥaqīqa-Majāz Dichotomy, Isa Kundra
Ibn Taymiyya’S Theory Of Exegesis: Rejecting The Ḥaqīqa-Majāz Dichotomy, Isa Kundra
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines a crucial pillar of Ibn Taymiyya’s exegetical methodology: his fierce critique and rejection of the ḥaqīqa-majāz dichotomy in Quranic exegesis. In doing so, I particularly investigate the epistemological and theological motivations for his rejection of the dichotomy. In the first part of the thesis, I discuss some of the difficulties in the perennial task of textual analysis, especially when attempting to decipher divine intent in the Quran (Chapter 2). Then, I set the stage by introducing the ḥaqīqa-majāz dichotomy, the linguistic feat that it attempts to explain in kalām al-‘arab, and the way it serves as the …
A Case Study Of Syntactic Patterns Of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic-English Code-Switching, Salma Mohamed Farid
A Case Study Of Syntactic Patterns Of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic-English Code-Switching, Salma Mohamed Farid
Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the structural patterns of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA)-English code-switching in the domains of classroom and interviews at the American University in Cairo (AUC) by applying Pieter Muysken's typology of code-mixing and relating it to the work of Poplack (1980) and Myers-Scotton (1993). It also aimed to stand on the nature of inflectional derivational and close-classed morphemes affixed to code-switched lexical items. The nature of the study was descriptive exploratory in which textual linguistic analysis was employed to analyze audio-recorded verbal data. The data was collected by observing four undergraduate classrooms held by the Department of English …
Teachers' Experiences In Overcrowded Classrooms In Egyptian Public Schools, Ghada Mamdouh Ayoub
Teachers' Experiences In Overcrowded Classrooms In Egyptian Public Schools, Ghada Mamdouh Ayoub
Theses and Dissertations
Overcrowded classrooms are one of the main problems in the Egyptian educational system. It was reported in 2018 that the average number of students per class in the primary stage is 46 students, the preparatory stage 43 students and the general secondary stage 39 students. Hence, the study focuses on teachers’ experience regarding over-crowded classrooms and how its consequences affect the quality of public education in Egypt; it looks into the reasons behind this problem from the teachers’ perspectives. The participants are thirty-seven primary school teachers from four different schools. One of these schools is an experimental language school and …
Road Safety Challenges In Egypt: A Discussion Of Policy Alternatives, Yasmine Elmoghazi
Road Safety Challenges In Egypt: A Discussion Of Policy Alternatives, Yasmine Elmoghazi
Theses and Dissertations
Road traffic injuries are a growing health epidemic with fatalities and injuries marking damaging emotional, social, and economic impacts on humans, countries and the world. In response, the United Nations proclaimed a decade of action for road safety (2011-2020) to call upon governments across the world to act towards reducing the number of the rising global road traffic fatalities and injuries. The UN introduced a conceptual framework consisting of five pillars (1) road safety management; (2) safer roads and mobility; (3) safer vehicles; (4) safer road users; and (5) post-crash response. Unfortunately, Egypt did not commit to the UN's resolution …
An Ontology Framework For Addressing Cost Overrun Through Risk Modeling: A Risk Path Approach, Tamima Sherif Elbashbishy
An Ontology Framework For Addressing Cost Overrun Through Risk Modeling: A Risk Path Approach, Tamima Sherif Elbashbishy
Theses and Dissertations
Whether forced by economic conditions or internal motivations, contractors may choose to minimize their mark-up margins in order to maximize their chances of winning a bid. Such bidding conditions render contractors sensitive towards all types of risks associated with executing a project. This research aims at providing contractors with a framework through which they can reduce their bid prices to be able to compete in low biding conditions. This aim is realized through identifying risk elements that have the greatest impact on projects’ costs in the Egyptian construction industry. Work on this research follows a risk path approach consisting of …
Modified Force/Displacement-Based Procedure For Performance-Based Seismic Design Of Regular Rc Frames, Soha Hassan Nashaat Elkassas
Modified Force/Displacement-Based Procedure For Performance-Based Seismic Design Of Regular Rc Frames, Soha Hassan Nashaat Elkassas
Theses and Dissertations
Performance-based seismic design has been the thrust of international research on earthquake engineering for the past 20 years. The major decisive factor for the success of its most recent framework is the development of efficient “preliminary design†methodologies that follow common design formats in order to maintain the process at an affordable level of complexity for practitioners. Using the traditional force-based seismic design method for this purpose, though simple and easy, will be inefficient because it designs structures to only one performance objective (which is life safety), and any other performance objective would be part of the drift check that …
The People And Place Of Al-Hattaba: A Socio-Temporal Juncture, Heba El-Sawy
The People And Place Of Al-Hattaba: A Socio-Temporal Juncture, Heba El-Sawy
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on a neighborhood located in Historic Cairo called al-Hattaba. It is a neighborhood that is located on the citadel wall, houses over 500 families, and is considered a buffer zone to the citadel with an urban fabric that speaks to a different time and place that has managed to survive, rupture and challenge our own perceptions of mainstream urban planning trends. I focus on rhythms of change and the experiences of temporality in the everyday as entry points into al-Hattaba and its people. The times of al-Hattaba cannot be reduced nor contained into a linear progression of …
Assessing Community Based Education In Upper Egypt Failure And Success, Amira Hussein
Assessing Community Based Education In Upper Egypt Failure And Success, Amira Hussein
Theses and Dissertations
Community based education has been used in different developing countries in the context of the Education for All (EFA) commitments as a mechanism to increase access and enrollment for basic education in remote and rural areas. It has been introduced to Egypt in 1992 through a partnership between MOE, INGOs, such as UNICEF, USAID, CARE, and local communities. This study examines the current prevailing perception about the community education model as being a successful alternative for public primary education in Egypt in marginalized areas and for vulnerable and marginalized groups mainly girls. It argues that in spite of achieving satisfactory …
Dimensions Of Alienation And The Postcolonial Context: Hegel, Marx, And Fanon, Sherifa Amin
Dimensions Of Alienation And The Postcolonial Context: Hegel, Marx, And Fanon, Sherifa Amin
Theses and Dissertations
Contemporary approaches to alienation employ the concept to refer to conditions of “rootlessness” and “homelessness” in an increasingly artificial world, particularly one in which money has come to mediate all relations. Human relations among themselves and to the world have been depersonalized, and commodified. This dimension of alienation refers to reification, a condition in which relations come to take an independent existence, and become powers on their own dominating those who constitute them. The many forms alienation has taken – reification, meaninglessness, instrumentalization, absurdity – has made the concept itself instrumental to diagnosing the crisis of modernity. Central to this …
Design And Development Of Biodegradable Microporous Polymeric Systems With Enhanced Characteristics For Food Packaging Applications, Mona Mohamed
Theses and Dissertations
The principle of breathable food packaging is providing the optimum number of holes to transfer sufficient amount of oxygen into the packaging headspace. In fact, most of the commercial breathable food packaging are made from non-biodegradable plastic materials. However, these polymers are well known by their negative environmental consequences. Therefore, in this research, polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were chosen as biodegradable polymers to design permeable food packaging. These bio-renewable polymers were utilized in many biomedical and food packaging applications because of their contribution to the environmental sustainability. In addition, sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were used …
Is Egypt Willing To Embrace Inflation Targeting As A Framework For Its Monetary System?, Maha Emad
Is Egypt Willing To Embrace Inflation Targeting As A Framework For Its Monetary System?, Maha Emad
Theses and Dissertations
NA
Indigenous Knowledge: A Route To The Infusion Of Sustainable Development In Education., Ekbal Mohammed Mokhles
Indigenous Knowledge: A Route To The Infusion Of Sustainable Development In Education., Ekbal Mohammed Mokhles
Theses and Dissertations
Indigenous knowledge is the unique knowledge confined to a particular community, produced in order to cope with agro-ecological and socio-economic environments. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of some educators around the issue of infusing indigenous knowledge embedded in communities such as Nubia in their school curricula similar to what other models in indigenous communities in countries such as Hawaii, Brazil and Australia did to reform their curricula. The research is based on the assumption that a culture- and place-based learning in Nubia can promote the infusion of indigenous knowledge. Foucault's theory of power and knowledge …
Reflective Practices Of Educators In A Masters' Program In Egypt: A Case Study, Mayada Samy Elsayed
Reflective Practices Of Educators In A Masters' Program In Egypt: A Case Study, Mayada Samy Elsayed
Theses and Dissertations
This paper aims at exploring reflective practices in a Masters’ Program in a private university in Egypt through graduate students’ perspectives of reflective practices. The research examines the graduates’ perception of reflective practices as a tool for enhancement of their learning. Moreover, the study explores how the enrolled graduate students approach reflective practices in terms of comprehension, language, and expression. A mixed methodology is followed where a ten-minute Likert type survey is administered to graduate students in a private Education Masters’ Program in Egypt in the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, the participants were voluntarily interviewed to share their …
Financial Inclusion In Egypt: Opportunities And Challenges, Farid Ghebrial
Financial Inclusion In Egypt: Opportunities And Challenges, Farid Ghebrial
Theses and Dissertations
Financial inclusion in Egypt has been placed as a top priority on the government’s agenda during the last few years as an integral part of Egypt’s 2030 Vision. Financial inclusion could help Egypt with different aspects that include supporting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), attracting the informal sector, increasing job creation, achieving sustainable growth, and realizing a higher level of financial stability. Despite the fruitful outcomes of financial inclusion, there are many supply and demand barriers that hamper the promotion of financial inclusion. Supply side barriers are closely related to the regulatory and legal constituents, and pitfalls of market structure. …
International Law, National Law And Un Practice: A Study Of The Complexity Of Black Refugee Women Collective Identity In Cairo, Menna Roshdy
International Law, National Law And Un Practice: A Study Of The Complexity Of Black Refugee Women Collective Identity In Cairo, Menna Roshdy
Theses and Dissertations
African Refugees thought that by crossing the borders, they were escaping war, carrying their dreams and hopes for a better future. They did not know that they would face another war in the state of asylum. African refugees are marginalized in Cairo as a result of intersecting legal systems. The international law, national law, and the UNHCR policies are the main three legal systems that guide the refugee life. The gaps and contradictions between the three different legal systems along with the practice of these laws have dictated the current vulnerability status of the African refugees living in Egypt. In …
Physicians' Motivation In The Ministry Of Health And Population - Egypt: Challenges And Opportunities., Heba Alsawahli
Physicians' Motivation In The Ministry Of Health And Population - Egypt: Challenges And Opportunities., Heba Alsawahli
Theses and Dissertations
Amidst the different problems encountered at the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOHP) and Population, the issue of physicians' retention is on the rise. The Egyptian public health system reportedly lost more than five percent of its workforce of physicians in less than three years (2016-2018), as documented by CAPMAS and the Egyptian Medical Syndicate in 2016. Clinicians are not only skipping the practice from the MOHP, but even a number of academic institutions report a decreasing number of candidates interested in pursuing such a previously known attractive career path as faculty in the different schools of medicine. Figures about the …
Participatory Design For Sustainable Community Development. Case Study; A Dates-Pack-House In The Egyptian Western Desert, Dina Bahaa Eldin Hussein
Participatory Design For Sustainable Community Development. Case Study; A Dates-Pack-House In The Egyptian Western Desert, Dina Bahaa Eldin Hussein
Theses and Dissertations
Over recent years, participatory design processes have been gaining momentum in the architecture field. This research analyzes the past experiences of the participatory design processes from literature and case studies to apply it on an ongoing sustainable development initiative for creating a dates pack-house in the Western Desert Oasis of El-Heiz. The aim of the development project of the dates pack-house at El-Heiz is to help achieve a more sustainable community economy. The research is done through understanding past intervention in the area, mapping the whole participatory design process (while being a design participant) in its various stages, and finally …
Time-Cost Trade-Off Analysis For Highway Construction Projects, Tesfu Oqubagabir Tedla
Time-Cost Trade-Off Analysis For Highway Construction Projects, Tesfu Oqubagabir Tedla
Theses and Dissertations
The Construction industry, which can be in the form of residential building, commercial, public and utility buildings, or civil engineering building, has a huge influence on any nation's economy. Its influence can be either manifested in its contribution to the economy or the service it provides to the community. In order to build any infrastructure project with a balanced cost, time, and quality, project managers search for alternatives that can satisfy these contradicting attributes. The traditional time-cost trade-off was enhanced with the three-dimensional time-cost- quality optimization in the last two decades. The optimization is aimed to minimize the time and …