Digital Commons Network^™

Sward Characteristics Of A Diploid And Tetraploid Cultivar Of Perennial Ryegrass As Measured By Different Sampling Techniques, J H. Neuteboom, E A. Lantinga, H Schlepers, L 'T Mannetje

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In a grazing experiment with monocultures of 2 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars it was found that over a 6-year period the tiller density of the tetraploid Condesa was on average 27% lower than that of the diploid Wendy. The lower tiller density of Condesa went along with a more open sward structure and higher weed proportions after 6 years, Sward structure was suitably characterised by means of absence frequency estimations of rooted perennial ryegrass tillers from concentric sampling quadrats.

Monitoring The Stabilization Of Semi-Arid Grassland In The Bridge Creek Watershed Of Central Oregon, R Demmer, L Andrews, B Keller

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Using land exchanges the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in central Oregon consolidated its land base in the Bridge Creek Watershed between 1987 and 1992 to obtain a 64,500 acre land block. The uplands had been grazed and the valley bottoms farmed since the middle 1800s. Due to improper grazing, primitive irrigation, fire suppression and juniper invasion, the native vegetation was sparse. Weeds were ubiquitous, and soils were eroded. The results of actions taken after baseline inventories of riparian and range communities were monitored. This feedback prompted further actions. Monitoring confirms that increasing native vegetation and decreasing erosion is stabilizing …

Long Term Benefits Of Diversified Forage-Oriented Cropping Systems As Compared To Rotations Based Mainly On Cereals Or Maize, E Meister, V Mediavilla, P Weisskopf

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The aim of this study is to assess the long term effects of a forageoriented, versus a maize- and a cereal-oriented crop rotation on the yield potential and soil fertility, as well as the weed, disease and pest development. We report the results after four cropping cycles using silage maize (Zea mays L.) in 1994 and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1995 as reference crops for all three rotations. Two years of a grass-clover mixture in a five-year rotation showed positive effects with respect to most soil and plant parameters.

Increasing Grassland Biodiversity Within The Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme In The U.K, S Peel

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The ESA scheme is the main vehicle in the UK for increasing biodiversity on agricultural land. It is voluntary, and payments are made to compensate for reduced profitability when prescribed practices are followed. These include conversion of cropping land to grassland, zero fertiliser use and late cutting for hay. The scheme is supported by an R & D programme aimed particularly at practical problems arising from the need to reconcile environmental targets with the need to maintain viable and profitable livestock systems. The paper cites examples of this R & D, including choice of seeds mixtures, the role of soil …

How Different Modes Of Photosynthesis Impact Stormwater Runoff And Weed Growth On Ecoroof Trays During Early Establishment?, Michelle Hesek

University Honors Theses

Ecoroofs remove of stormwater runoff from the combined sewer system in Portland, Oregon. Reducing runoff is essential in cities considering how impervious surfaces promote flooding. A limited number of studies focus on comparing stormwater retention of ecoroof plants during their establishment period within Portland's climate. Different photosynthetic pathways in plants may impact stormwater runoff based on their water use efficiency. This study undertook a one-year study to determine the effect of plant establishment on water retention for a C4 and CAM species in six ecoroof trays. Weeds were investigated as a factor in water retention, and whether plant type within …

Grains, Seeds And Hay Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2022/2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

The Grains, Seeds and Hay Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) has been operating since 2010 to address biosecurity threats relevant to Western Australia’s (WA) grains, seeds and hay industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable growers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS, there is a Cattle IFS and a Sheep and Goat IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner. …

It's In The "Weeds" : 'Pesky' Plants As Teachers In Imagining Decolonial Futures, Sofia Ahmad Cook

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

As a category of plant species, “weeds” are often thought of as ‘pesky’ nuisances and treated with absolute disdain. But what are “weeds” and how did they become “pests” that homeowners, gardeners, and conservationists alike seek to control and/or eliminate? My inquiry into “weeds” reveals that the designation of “weeds” is not scientific so much as it is socially and culturally constructed. The categorization of “weeds,” shaped by evolving notions of place, space, and belonging, provides a window into underlying social and cultural norms that structure our relationships with one another and the more-than-human world. Situated within settler colonial contexts, …

Reduce Crop Weed Seed Numbers In The Soil, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

There are various methods of weed control in the pre-sowing phase, including removing weed seed numbers in the soil, fallow, stubble, and by various methods. This factsheet covers some of the methods, including:

• Burning crop residues to reduce the surface seed bank of many weeds

• Encouraging insect predation of seed

• Inversion ploughing to bury weed seeds at a depth they can’t germinate

• Autumn tickle to encourage earlier germination of weed seeds for destruction using a knockdown herbicide

• Delaying sowing to allow greater germination of weed seeds for destruction using a knockdown herbicide or cultivation, prior …

Stop Crop Weed Seed Set, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Numerous options can be used to prevent weed seed set, which provides an opportunity to control weeds in the pasture, late fallow, late stubble, and in-crop phases for the next season.

Factors Affecting Herbicide Performance, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Herbicide performance can vary greatly depending on factors including compatibility of herbicides, water quality, sprayer decontamination, and controlling stressed weeds. This page outlines these issues and demonstrates how to assess herbicide performance to achieve the best from your herbicides.

Wild Radish And Its Management In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) is highly competitive in crops and can cause a yield loss of 10 to 90 %.

Wild radish has fibrous stems that make harvesting difficult by choking the header comb, it is an alternative host for numerous pests and diseases, and it can cause animal health problems when grazed.

The Interaction Of The Cotton Piece With The Piles Of The Scrabble Cotton Drum, Fazliddin Egamberdiev, Ilkhom Abbazov, Oybek Kholmuratov, Rashid Kaldybaev

Technical science and innovation

This article presents the results of an analytical study of the process of loosening and cleaning raw cotton from small debris by pileging working bodies of purifiers, on the basis of which directions for further research were chosen to optimize the parameters of the developed pile drum with spherical piles and rubber strips. Cotton entering production contains impurities. The processes of loosening and cleaning the fiber shreds are key in the initial stages of ginning, as they prepare the raw cotton for ginning and directly affect the reliability, productivity of these processes and the quality of the resulting fiber. Weed …

Early Season Monitoring Of Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus Lineolaris, In Wild Hosts Using Pheromone Traps, Justin George, James P Glover, Gadi V P Reddy, Chris Johnson, David R Hall

Student and Faculty Publications

Simple Summary

The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a polyphagous pest and causes severe economic damage to cotton crops. Managing the weedy field edges is important in preventing early-season infestations of L. lineolaris in cotton to prevent damage to the squares and other fruiting structures. Scouting fields for L. lineolaris is time- and labor-intensive, and end-user variability associated with field sampling can lead to inaccuracies. Insect traps that combine visual cues and pheromones are more accurate, sustainable, and economically feasible in contrast to traditional insect detection methods. In this study, we investigated the application of red or …

Early Season Monitoring Of Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus Lineolaris, In Wild Hosts Using Pheromone Traps, Justin George, James P. Glover, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Chris Johnson, David R. Hall

Faculty Publications

The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), has a wide host range of over 700 plant species, including 130 crops of economic importance. During early spring, managing the field edges with weeds and other wild hosts is important in preventing early-season infestations of L. lineolaris in cotton to prevent damage to the squares and other fruiting structures. Scouting fields for L. lineolaris is time- and labor-intensive, and end-user variability associated with field sampling can lead to inaccuracies. Insect traps that combine visual cues and pheromones are more accurate, sustainable, and economically feasible in contrast to traditional insect detection methods. …

Riparian Management In Intensive Grazing Systems For Improved Biodiversity And Environmental Quality: Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers, S. R. Aarons, M. Jones-Lennon, P. Papas, N. Ainsworth, F. Ede, J. Davies

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Within high rainfall intensive grazing systems of southern Victoria, riparian zones are often degraded due to vegetation clearing, stock access and inappropriate farm management. Streams in these landscapes often have poor water quality and reduced biodiversity due to degraded terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Improved management of riparian zones depends on developing tools and practices for integration into productive grazing systems. This paper describes the approaches used and the tools developed in the 'Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers: Improving riparian and in-stream biodiversity' project

French Drain Construction For Woods Humane Society, Cade M. Rees

Construction Management

The Woods Humane Society is a prominent animal care facility that aims to rehabilitate, rescue, and assist in the adoption of dogs and cats in the greater San Luis Obispo area. The property contains multiple dog playpen areas which consist of a concrete slab surrounded by a chain link fence, designed for the animals to have an open space to run around throughout the day. Employees are required to hose down the slab hourly to maintain a clean environment for the animals. When employees hose down the playpen areas, a considerable amount of water runs off the slab and into …

Riparian Management In Intensive Grazing Systems For Improved Biodiversity And Environmental Quality: Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers, S. R. Aarons, M. Jones-Lennon, P. Papas, N. Ainsworth, F. Ede, J. Davies

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Within high rainfall intensive grazing systems of southern Victoria, riparian zones are often degraded due to vegetation clearing, stock access and inappropriate farm management. Streams in these landscapes often have poor water quality and reduced biodiversity due to degraded terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Improved management of riparian zones depends on developing tools and practices for integration into productive grazing systems. This paper describes the approaches used and the tools developed in the ‘Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers: Improving riparian and in-stream biodiversity’ project.

Examination Of The Realized Host Range Of North American Lacebug (Gargaphia Arizonica Drake & Carvalho) And Texas False Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Texana Schaeffer) As A Potential Biocontrol Agents For Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum Elaeagnifoli Cav.), Samikshya Subedi

Theses and Dissertations

Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) is a perennial forb native to South Texas and Central and South America, but it has become a serious agricultural weed across the world. Because silverleaf nightshade (SLN) is difficult and expensive to manage using chemical and mechanical controls, there is growing attention and research focused on biological control options. In this project, we used both field and laboratory studies to examine the suitability of two North American insects, namely North American lacebug (Gargaphia arizonica Drake & Carvalho) and Texas false potato beetle (Leptinotarsa texana Schaeffer) as prospective biological control agents for …

An Investigation Of Weeds In The Wheat Crops In Tehsil Paharpur District Dera Ismail Khan, Nazish Akhtar, Samreen Afzal

Journal of Bioresource Management

Weed infestation is a serious problem for crop yield. It causes a huge yield loss. A comprehensive study to investigate the main wheat weeds within Tehsil Pharpur (Dhakki, Headbilot, Dhupsari, Malakheil, Kalapani, Laar, Rakh Bandkura) in the Dera Ismail Khan region was conducted during the 2020-21 harvest. About 21 species were collected and the weeds competed with the wheat crop for nutrients, water, and light and disrupted the wheat crop. Data was collected in a weed growth phase and a quadratic method was used. Homophobic (RD), relative frequency (RF), relative coefficient (RCC), and value index (IVI) were recorded. It was …

Elucidating The Cellular Physiology Of Glyphosate Resistance In Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Using Integrated Omics Approaches, Pawanjit Kaur Sandhu

All Theses

The evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds poses a major threat to agricultural production systems. To date, herbicide resistance has been reported against 21 modes of action in 266 weed species across 71 countries. More than 50 weed species have developed resistance against glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Although several mechanisms of glyphosate resistance have been discovered, our understanding of alterations in the cellular physiology of glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes, and the induction of the resistance mechanisms remains limited. This knowledge is critical to developing sustainable weed management practices and for a comprehensive understanding of plant stress adaptations. …

Winter Cover Crop Impacts On Weed Dynamics In Eastern And Central Nebraska, Elizabeth Ann Oys

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Reducing tillage in cropping systems causes weed management to be dependent on chemical and cultural methods for weed control. Over time, herbicide-resistant weeds have developed due to the continuous selection pressures from herbicides, particularly in the Midwest Corn Belt. Integrated weed management strategies, such as cover crops, can be used to mitigate some of these issues. Cover crops are primarily known for their soil health benefits, but there is evidence that cover crops can suppress weeds. However, less research has been done at the field-scale level to address cover crop impacts on the weed seedbank and aboveground weeds during the …

Water Use Characteristics Of Weeds: A Global Review, Best Practices, And Future Directions, Mandeep Singh, Meetpal Singh Kukal, Suat Irmak, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Weeds usually penalize crop yields by competing for resources, such as water, light, nutrients, and space. Most of the studies on the crop-weed competition domain are limited to assessing crop-yield losses due to weed pressure and other crop-weed interactions, overlooking the significant uptake of soil-water by weeds that exacerbates global water constraints and threatens the productivity and profitability. The objective of this review was to synthesize globally available quantitative data on weed water use (WU) sourced from 23 peer-reviewed publications (filtered from 233 publications via a multi-step protocol of inclusion criteria) with experimental investigations across space (3 continents), time (1927–2018), …

Roundup 2022: Agricultural Research Center-Hays

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center - Hays. This report communicates timely, applicable research information on beef production and rangeland topics.

Community Structure Of Serrated Tussock (Nassella Trichotoma) Infested Grasslands, Warwick B. Badgery, David R. Kemp, D. L. Michalk, W. Mcg. King

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) is the most serious perennial grass weed in southeastern Australia, extending over more than a million hectares. Previous control techniques using herbicides and oversowing with competitive pastures are no longer feasible in many of the lower fertility, infested areas. New management solutions need to be found, based upon a better understanding of the ecology of this species. A survey was done to determine the community structure of serrated tussock infested grasslands. Winter growing C3 grasses were closely associated with serrated tussock, while C4 perennial grasses appeared not to be. It is not known if …

A Survey Of Weeds Present In Al- Qatten Diroctorate Farms Hadhramout Governorate, Yaser Saeed Bahurmuz, Ahmed Subait Bamosa, Abdulgader Ali Hassan

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

An exclusive study of weeds present in Alqatten Directorate farms, was carried out this study aimed to identify types and number of weeds in the farms. The study area included (20) Farms in five different regions. 39 plant species belonging to 20 plant Family have been identified. Grassy famil was the most present with 7 species. the most wide spread grass was, Cynodon dactylon and Setaria verticillata; as they were found in all studied farms. While Withania somnifera and Rhazya stricta, were less prevalent, as they were present in two farms only.The study reveals that there is defference in the …

Weeds Enhance Pollinator Diversity And Fruit Yield In Mango, Blaire M. Kleiman, Suzanne Koptur, Krishnaswamy Jayachandran

All Faculty

Agriculture is dependent on insect pollination, yet in areas of intensive production agriculture, there is often a decline in plant and insect diversity. As native habitats and plants are replaced, often only the weeds or unwanted vegetation persist. This study compared insect diversity on mango, Mangifera indica, a tropical fruit tree dependent on insect pollination, when weeds were present in cultivation versus when they were removed mechanically. The pollinating insects on both weeds and mango trees were examined as well as fruit set and yield in both the weed-free and weedy treatment in South Florida. There were significantly more pollinators …

Palmer Amaranth [Amaranthus Palmeri (S.) Wats.] Resistance To S-Metolachlor In The Mid-Southern Us And S-Metolachlor Dissipation In Soil, Koffi Badou Jeremie Kouame

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] presents both a high genetic diversity and propensity to evolve resistance to herbicides of several sites-of-action which have made it one of the worst weeds in US agriculture. In Arkansas, Palmer amaranth is resistant to herbicides of seven sites-of-action, which are 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitor, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, microtubule inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, very long chain fatty acid inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, and hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors. Sustainable management requires a better understanding of its biology and that of herbicide environmental fate. This research had five objectives: 1) characterize the current status of Palmer amaranth …

Examining The Role Of Buzzing Time And Acoustics On Pollen Extraction Of Solanum Elaeagnifolium, Mandeep Tayal, Rupesh R. Kariyat

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Buzz pollination is a specialized pollination syndrome that requires vibrational energy to extract concealed pollen grains from poricidal anthers. Although a large body of work has examined the ecology of buzz pollination, whether acoustic properties of buzz pollinators affect pollen extraction is less understood, especially in weeds and invasive species. We examined the pollination biology of Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), a worldwide invasive weed, in its native range in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in south Texas. Over two years, we documented the floral visitors on S. elaeagnifolium, their acoustic parameters (buzzing amplitude, frequency, and duration of buzzing) and …

Grains, Seeds And Hay Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2020/2021, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

The Grains, Seeds and Hay Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) has been operating since 2010 to address biosecurity threats relevant to Western Australia’s (WA) grains, seeds and hay industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable growers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS, there is a Cattle IFS and a Sheep and Goat IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner. …

B.R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2020, J. Hardke, X. Sha, N. Bateman

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading rice producer in the United States. The state represents 47.5% of total U.S. rice production and 48.1% of the total acres planted to rice in 2020. Rice cultural practices vary across the state and across the U.S. However, these practices are also dynamic and continue to evolve in response to changing political, environmental, and economic times. This survey was initiated in 2002 to monitor and record changes in the way Arkansas rice producers approach their livelihood. The survey was conducted by polling county extension agents in each of the counties in Arkansas that produce rice. Questions …