Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of Mping-Based Activation Tags For Crop Insertional Mutagenesis, Alexander Johnson, Edward Mcassey, Stephanie Diaz, Jacob Reagin, Priscilla S. Redd, Daymond R. Parrilla, Hanh T. Nguyen, Adrian Stec, Lauren A.L. Mcdaniel, Thomas E. Clemente, Robert M. Stupar, Wayne A. Parrott, C Nathan Hancock

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop improvement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to induce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. Expression analysis …

Assessing The Quantification Of Soy Protein In Incurred Matrices Using Targeted Lc-Ms/Ms, Jenna Krager

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Soy-derived ingredients are commonly added as auxiliary components to a diverse range of food products. The versatile end-applications of commercially processed soy ingredients is concerning for the safety of allergic consumers. Immunological detection of soy proteins in food matrices has some drawbacks, including loss of epitope binding and matrix masking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess naturally incurred matrices with an existing liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflow to determine the recovery of total soy protein.

The existing LC-MS/MS workflow was time intensive. The peptide responses of five soy protein targets were compared between two dilution methods …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2019, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2019 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines, from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only a data set from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of …

Modeling The Relationship Between Estimated Fungicide Use And Disease-Associated Yield Losses Of Soybean In The United States I: Foliar Fungicides Vs Foliar Diseases, Ananda Y. Bandara, Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya, Shawn P. Conley, Carl A. Bradley, Tom W. Allen, Paul D. Esker

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Fungicide use in the United States to manage soybean diseases has increased in recent years. The ability of fungicides to reduce disease-associated yield losses varies greatly depending on multiple factors. Nonetheless, historical data are useful to understand the broad sense and long-term trends related to fungicide use practices. In the current study, the relationship between estimated soybean yield losses due to selected foliar diseases and foliar fungicide use was investigated using annual data from 28 soybean growing states over the period of 2005 to 2015. For national and regional (southern and northern United States) scale data, mixed effects modeling was …

Assessing Approaches For Stratifying Producer Fields Based On Biophysical Attributes For Regional Yield-Gap Analysis, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Patricio Grassini, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, José F. Andrade, Peter M. Kyveryga, Shawn P. Conley

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Large databases containing producer field-level yield and management records can be used to identify causes of yield gaps. A relevant question is how to account for the diverse biophysical background (i.e., climate and soil) across fields and years, which can confound the effect of a given management practice on yield. Here we evaluated two approaches to group producer fields based on biophysical attributes: (i) a technology extrapolation domain spatial framework (‘TEDs’) that delineates regions with similar (long-term average) annual weather and soil water storage capacity and (ii) clusters based on field-specific soil properties and weather during each crop …

A Transcriptional Regulatory Network Of Rsv3-Mediated Extreme Resistance Against Soybean Mosaic Virus, Lindsay C. Demers, Neelam R. Redekar, Aardra Kachroo, Sue A. Tolin, Song Li, M. A. Saghai Maroof

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Resistance genes are an effective means for disease control in plants. They predominantly function by inducing a hypersensitive reaction, which results in localized cell death restricting pathogen spread. Some resistance genes elicit an atypical response, termed extreme resistance, where resistance is not associated with a hypersensitive reaction and its standard defense responses. Unlike hypersensitive reaction, the molecular regulatory mechanism(s) underlying extreme resistance is largely unexplored. One of the few known, naturally occurring, instances of extreme resistance is resistance derived from the soybean Rsv3 gene, which confers resistance against the most virulent Soybean mosaic virus strains. To discern the regulatory mechanism …

Dissecting The Economic Impact Of Soybean Diseases In The United States Over Two Decades, Ananda Y. Bandara, Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya, Carl A. Bradley, Tom W. Allen, Paul D. Esker

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is an economically important commodity for United States agriculture. Nonetheless, the profitability of soybean production has been negatively impacted by soybean diseases. The economic impacts of 23 common soybean diseases were estimated in 28 soybean-producing states in the U.S., from 1996 to 2016 (the entire data set consisted of 13,524 data points). Estimated losses were investigated using a variety of statistical approaches. The main effects of state, year, pre- and post-discovery of soybean rust, region, and zones based on yield, harvest area, and production, were significant on “total economic loss” as a function of …

Comparative Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Heat Stress Responses Of Two Soybean Genotypes Differing In Temperature Sensitivity, Sruthi Narayanan, Zolian S. Zoong Lwe, Nitant Gandhi, Ruth Welti, Benjamin Fallen, James R. Smith, Sachin Rustgi

Publications

Heat-induced changes in lipidome and their influence on stress adaptation are not well-defined in plants. We investigated if lipid metabolic changes contribute to differences in heat stress responses in a heat-tolerant soybean genotype DS25-1 and a heat-susceptible soybean genotype DT97-4290. Both genotypes were grown at optimal temperatures (OT; 30/20 °C) for 15 days. Subsequently, half of the plants were exposed to heat stress (38/28 °C) for 11 days, and the rest were kept at OT. Leaf samples were collected for lipid and RNA extractions on the 9^th and 11^th days of stress, respectively. We observed a decline in …

Soil Microbial Communities In Diverse Agroecosystems Exposed To The Herbicide Glyphosate, Ryan M. Kepler, Dietrich J. Epp Schmidt, Stephanie A. Yarwood, Michel A. Cavigelli, Krishna N. Reddy, Stephen O. Duke, Carl A. Bradley, Martin M. Williams, Jude E. Maula

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Despite glyphosate's wide use for weed control in agriculture, questions remain about the herbicide's effect on soil microbial communities. The existing scientific literature contains conflicting results, from no observable effect of glyphosate to the enrichment of agricultural pathogens such as Fusarium spp. We conducted a comprehensive field-based study to compare the microbial communities on the roots of plants that received a foliar application of glyphosate to adjacent plants that did not. The 2-year study was conducted in Beltsville, MD, and Stoneville, MS, with corn and soybean crops grown in a variety of organic and …

Soybean Response To Water: Trait Identification And Prediction, Shawn Jenkins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The rising demand for soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] taken in consideration with current climatic trends accentuates the importance of improving soybean seed yield response per unit water (WP). To further our understanding of the quantitative WP trait, a multi-omic approach was implemented for improved trait identification and predictive modeling opportunities. Through the evaluation of two recombinant inbred line populations jointly totaling 439 lines subjected to contrasting irrigation treatments, informative agronomic, phenomic, and genomic associations were identified. Across both populations, relationships were identified between lodging at maturity (r = -0.58, H = 0.86), canopy to air temperature differential …

Organic Soybean Variety Trial, Heather Darby, Sara Ziegler, Ivy Krezinski, Rory Malone

Northwest Crops & Soils Program

In 2020, the University of Vermont Extension Northwest Crops and Soils Program evaluated yield and quality of short season organic soybean varieties at Borderview Research Farm in Alburgh, VT. Soybeans can be grown for human consumption, animal feed, and biodiesel. As farmers look to reduce feed costs or diversify markets, soybean acreage across Vermont is increasing. Local research is needed to identify varieties that are best adapted to this region. In an effort to support and expand the local soybean market throughout the northeast, the University of Vermont Extension Northwest Crop and Soils (NWCS) Program established a trial in 2020 …

Soybean Cover Crop Trial, Heather Darby, Ivy Krezinski, Sara Ziegler

Northwest Crops & Soils Program

In 2020, the University of Vermont Extension Northwest Crops and Soils Program investigated the impact of various cover crop mixtures on the subsequent soybean crop’s yield and quality at Borderview Research Farm in Alburgh, VT. Soybeans are grown for human consumption, animal feed, and biodiesel and can be a useful rotational crop in corn silage and grass production systems. As cover cropping expands throughout Vermont, it is important to understand the potential benefits, consequences, and risks associated with growing cover crops in various cropping systems. In an effort to support the local soybean market and to gain a better understanding …

Conventional Soybean Performance Trials Summary, Heather Darby

Northwest Crops & Soils Program

Maturity range (0 – 2.1) of soybean varieties in Alburgh, VT

Planting Date: 05-21-2020 Harvest Date: 10-15-2020

Impact Of Planting Date And Variety On Soybean Yield, Heather Darby, Sara Ziegler, Ivy Krezinski, Rory Malone

Northwest Crops & Soils Program

In 2020, the University of Vermont Extension Northwest Crops and Soils Program investigated the impact of planting date and variety on soybean yield and quality at Borderview Research Farm in Alburgh, VT. Soybeans can be grown for human consumption, animal feed, and biodiesel. Livestock farmers are interested in producing more of their own grains and as a result, soybean acreage in Vermont is increasing. Given the short growing season in Vermont, it is important to understand optimum planting dates to obtain the highest yields. In an effort to support and expand the local soybean market throughout the northeast, the University …

Organic Soybean Performance Trials Summary, Heathe Darby

Northwest Crops & Soils Program

Maturity range (0.6 – 1.8) of soybean varieties in Alburgh, VT

Planting Date: 05-21-2020 and Harvest Date: 10-14-2020

Feeding A Growing Population--Feasibility Of Leghemoglobin As Visual Marker For Facilitating Plant Genetics Based Nutritional Improvement, Rebecca E. Caldbeck

Oswald Research and Creativity Competition

As the population continues to expand, it is becoming increasingly relevant to find sustainable and affordable sources of high-nutritional value food, specifically protein and fatty acids.

One such crop of interest is Glycine max, commonly known as soybean. The leguminous plant is of high importance globally with its far-reaching economic applicability. Soybeans are a versatile crop with a wide-ranging habitat, making them a readily available food source. Besides their abundance, this crop is also one of the most economical sources of protein on the planet.

With their already blanketed global reach, the introduction of improved genetics to facilitate improved nutritional …

Influence Of Burner Position On Temperature Distribution In Soybean Flaming, Miloš Miloš Rajkovic, Goran Malidža, Strahinja Stepanovic, Marko Kostic, Kristina Petrovic

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

The main objective of this study was to identify optimal burner orientation for a newly designed flame cultivator by quantifying the flame temperature distributions of cross, back, and parallel position of burners at different heights of the soybean canopy (distance from the soil surface). Flame temperatures were measured within-row for three burner orientations at seven propane doses (20–100 kg/ha) and eight different canopy heights (0–18 cm above soil surface). Soybean plants in V3 growth stage were flamed with the same doses and burner orientations, and 28 days after treatment (DAT) crop injury (0%–100%), plant height (cm), dry matter (g) and …

Insufficient Nitrogen Supply From Symbiotic Fixation Reduces Seasonal Crop Growth And Nitrogen Mobilization To Seed In Highly Productive Soybean Crops, Nicolas Cafaro La Menza, Juan Pablo Monzon, John L. Lindquist, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Johannes M.H. Knops, Murray Unkovich, James E. Specht, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen (N) supply can limit the yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in highly productive environments. To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this limitation, seasonal changes in N dynamics, aboveground dry matter (ADM) accumula- tion, leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed radiation (fAPAR) were compared in crops relying only on biological N2 fixation and available soil N (zero-N treatment) versus crops receiving N fertilizer (full-N treatment). Experiments were conducted in seven high-yield environments without water limitation, where crops received optimal management. In the zero-N treatment, biological N2 fixation was not sufficient to meet the N demand of …

Herbicide Resistance In Turfgrass: A Chance To Change The Future?, James T. Brosnan, Michael W. Barrett, Prasanta C. Bhowmik

Stockbridge Faculty Publication Series

Herbicide resistance has for decades been an increasing problem of agronomic crops such as corn and soybean. Several weed species have evolved herbicide resistance in turfgrass systems such as golf courses, sports fields, and sod production—particularly biotypes of annual bluegrass and goosegrass. Consequences of herbicide resistance in agronomic cropping systems indicate what could happen in turfgrass if herbicide resistance becomes broader in terms of species, distribution, and mechanisms of action. The turfgrass industry must take action to develop effective resistance management programs while this problem is still relatively small in scope. We propose that lessons learned from a series of …