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Genetic And Biochemical Investigation Of Seed Fatty Acid Accumulation In Arabidopsis, Chinedu Charles Nwafor, Delin Li, Ping Qin, Long Li, Wei Zhang, Yuanwei Zhou, Jingjing Xu, Yongtai Yin, Jianbo Cao, Limin He, Fu Xiang, Chao Liu, Liang Guo, Yongming Zhou, Edgar B. Cahoon, Chunyu Zhang

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

As a vegetable oil, consisting principally of triacylglycerols, is the major storage form of photosynthetically-fixed carbon in oilseeds which are of significant agricultural and industrial value. Photosynthesis in chlorophyll-containing green seeds, along with photosynthesis in leaves and other green organs, generates ATP and reductant (NADPH and NADH) needed for seed fatty acid production. However, contribution of seed photosynthesis to fatty acid accumulation in seeds have not been well-defined. Here, we report the contribution of seed-photosynthesis to fatty acid production by probing segregating green (photosynthetically-competent) and non-green or yellow (photosynthetically-non-competent) seeds in siliques of an Arabidopsis chlorophyll synthase mutant. Using this …

Understanding The Cellular And Physiological Mechanisms Of Fertilization And Early-Stage Seed Development, Mohammad Foteh Ali

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Flowering plants have evolved a unique double-fertilization process. Two sperm cells fuse with two female gametophytic cells, the egg and central cells within the ovule, giving rise to the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Sperm cells in flowering plants are nonmotile and delivered in close proximity to the egg and central cells by the pollen tube. Flowering plants have established filamentous actin (F-actin) based sperm nuclear migration system for successful fertilization. Prior to fertilization, the female gamete forms a mesh-like structure of F-actin that shows constant inward movement from the plasma membrane periphery to the center of the cell where the …

Divergent Phenotypic Response Of Rice Accessions To Transient Heat Stress During Early Seed Development, Puneet Paul, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Jaspreet Sandhu, Waseem Hussain, Larissa Irvin, Gota Morota, Paul E. Staswick, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increasing global surface temperatures is posing a major food security challenge. Part of the solution to address this problem is to improve crop heat resilience, especially during grain development, along with agronomic decisions such as shift in planting time and increasing crop diversification. Rice is a major food crop consumed by more than 3 billion people. For rice, thermal sensitivity of reproductive development and grain filling is well-documented, while knowledge concerning the impact of heat stress (HS) on early seed development is limited. Here, we aim to study the phenotypic variation in a set of diverse rice accessions for elucidating …

Evaluating Nitrogen And Carbon Differences In Standing Litter From Normal And Prematurely Senesced Bromus Tectorum Plants, Alexa Lunt Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Bromus tectorum, an invasive winter annual, has displaced native vegetation throughout the western United States. Bromus tectorum litter influences nutrient cycling near the soil surface as well as plant establishment. Failed seed production of B. tectorum occasionally occurs in the field, with plants exhibiting weak flowering culms that turn straw-colored in spring when normal plants are green or purple in color. Because annual grasses transport most soluble carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to reproductive organs, seed production failure results in significantly different fates for these nutrients compared with normal plants. As part of larger efforts to understand events leading to …

Temporal Transcriptome Profiling Of Developing Seeds Reveals A Concerted Gene Regulation In Relation To Oil Accumulation In Pongamia (Millettia Pinnata), Jianzi Huang, Xuehong Hao, Ye Jin, Xiaohuan Guo, Qing Shao, Kavitha Kumar, Yogesh Ahlawat, David Harry, Chandrashekhar Joshi, Yizhi Zheng

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Background

Pongamia (Millettia pinnata syn. Pongamia pinnata), an oilseed legume species, is emerging as potential feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production. Breeding Pongamia for favorable traits in commercial application will rely on a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanism regulating oil accumulation during its seed development. To date, only limited genomic or transcript sequences are available for Pongamia, while a temporal transcriptome profiling of developing seeds is still lacking in this species.

Results

In this work, we conducted a time-series analysis of morphological and physiological characters, oil contents and compositions, as well as global gene expression profiles in developing Pongamia …

Embryological Studies On Trichloris (Poaceae, Chloridoideae), Geraldina Alicia Richard, María Carolina Cerino, Beatriz G. Galati, Eliana De Luján Exner, José Francisco Pensiero

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study provides information on the development of the female and male gametophytes and seed ontogeny characteristics for Trichloris, and it discusses their taxonomic significance to the family Poaceae. Trichloris species are characterized by having 2?3 stamens per floret, tetrasporangiate anthers, a monocotyledonous development of the anther wall, a single middle layer of common origin with the tapetum, fibrous thickening in the cell walls of the endothecium, and a secretory tapetum. These characteristics are constant within Poaceae. The possession of bitegmic and tenuinucellate ovules, laterally positioned antipodals prior to their degeneration, a free exocarp, and an epiblast in the …

Transient Heat Stress During Early Seed Development Primes Germination And Seedling Establishment In Rice, Kevin Begcy, Jaspreet Sandhu, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Rice yield is highly sensitive to increased temperature. Given the trend of increasing global temperatures, this sensitivity to higher temperatures poses a challenge for achieving global food security. Early seed development in rice is highly sensitive to unfavorable environmental conditions. Heat stress (HS) during this stage decreases seed size and fertility, thus reducing yield. Here, we explore the transgenerational phenotypic consequences of HS during early seed development on seed viability, germination, and establishment. To elucidate the impact of HS on the developmental events in postzygotic rice seeds, we imposed moderate (35°C) and severe (39°C) HS treatments initiated 1 day after …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of Alternative Splicing In Paleopolyploid Maize, Wenbin Mei, Sanzhen Liu, James C. Schnable, Cheng-Ting Yeh, Nathan M. Springer, Patrick S. Schnable, William Brad Barbazuk

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Identifying and characterizing alternative splicing (AS) enables our understanding of the biological role of transcript isoform diversity. This study describes the use of publicly available RNA-Seq data to identify and characterize the global diversity of AS isoforms in maize using the inbred lines B73 and Mo17, and a related species, sorghum. Identification and characterization of AS within maize tissues revealed that genes expressed in seed exhibit the largest differential AS relative to other tissues examined. Additionally, differences in AS between the two genotypes B73 and Mo17 are greatest within genes expressed in seed. We demonstrate that changes in the level …

Expression Patterns Of Aba And Ga Metabolism Genes And Hormone Levels During Rice Seed Development And Imbibition: A Comparison Of Dormant And Non-Dormant Rice Cultivars, Yang Liu, Jun Fang, Fan Xu, Jinfang Chu, Cunyu Yan, Michael Schläppi, Youping Wang, Chengcai Chu

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in cereals. Using deep dormant (N22), medium dormant (ZH11), and non-dormant (G46B) rice cultivars, we correlated seed dormancy phenotypes with abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) metabolism gene expression profiles and phytohormone levels during seed development and imbibition. A time course analysis of ABA and GA content during seed development showed that N22 had a high ABA level at early and middle seed developmental stages, while at late developmental stage it declined to the level of ZH11; however, its ABA/GA ratio maintained at a high level …

Seed Quality, And Fatty Acid And Sugar Contents Of Pepper Seeds (Capsicum Annuum L.) In Relation To Seed Development And Drying Temperatures, İbrahi̇m Demi̇r, Azi̇z Teki̇n, Z. Aytanga Ökmen, Gamze Okçu, Burcu B. Kenanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of drying temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C) and the developmental stage (55, 65, 75, and 85 days after anthesis (DAA)) on germination, vigor, and the sugar (sucrose, glucose, fructose) and fatty acid contents of pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.) over 2 consecutive years. In seeds harvested at 75 DAA and after, seed viability and vigor were not influenced by drying at temperatures up to 45 °C. Linoleic acid (18:2) was the main fatty acid in pepper seeds, comprising 75-80% of total fatty acids. It was followed by oleic …

A Proteomic Study Of Soybean Seed Coats (Glycine Max), M Carmen Romero

Digitized Theses

The seed coat arises from maternal integuments and its main role is the protection of the developing embryo. At maturity the soybean seed coat is composed mainly of dead cells that impart protection, enable germination and enhance dispersal. Soybean seed coat is an agricultural-by product that is currently under utilized, although some reports have found diverse applications that are currently explored. Using gel-based pre fractionation of proteins followed by electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, a comprehensive proteomic database of physiologically mature soybean seed coats was created. Around 150,000 spectral was acquired and used to challenge current protein databases. The …

Seed Storage Reserves And Glucosinolates In Brassica Rapa L. Grown On The International Space Station, M. E. Musgrave, Anxiu Kuang, L. K. Tuominen, L. H. Levine, R. C. Morrow

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although plants are envisioned to play a central role in life support systems for future long-duration space travel, plant growth in space has been problematic due to horticultural problems of nutrient delivery and gas resupply posed by the weightless environment. Iterative improvement in hardware designed for growth of plants on orbital platforms now provides confidence that plants can perform well in microgravity, enabling investigation of their nutritional characteristics. Plants of B. rapa (cv. Astroplants) were grown in the Biomass Production System on the International Space Station. Flowers were hand-pollinated and seeds were produced prior to harvest at 39 days after …

Bulletin No. 370 - The Superb Plant Bug, Adelphocoris Superbus (Uhler): Its Life History And Its Relation To Seed Development In Alfalfa, Charles J. Sorenson, Lowell Cutler

UAES Bulletins

Infestations of the superb plant bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhler), in Utah alfalfa fields first came to the attention of entomologists of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station during their investigations of the seed chalcid and lygus bug problems of alfalfa seed production in the Uinta Basin from 1926 to 1934. Because of its occurrence in considerable numbers, particularly in first crop alfalfa fields with thin stands, the superb plant bug was suspected of interfering with seed development. Consequently an investigation of the activities of this insect was begun in the summer of 1932 and continued through that of 1933.

Objectives sought …