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The Effects Of Water Submersion On Skeletal Muscle Activation, Fatigue, And Whole-Body Gas Exchange, Caroline Griffin, Robert J. Shute

Honors Projects

THE EFFECTS OF WATER SUBMERSION ON SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVATION, FATIGUE, AND WHOLE-BODY GAS EXCHANGE

C.C. Griffin. Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.

Email: Cgriffin@eagles.bridgewater.edu

Fatigue of skeletal muscle can be affected by multiple environmental elements. Fatigue threshold can be measured by VO2 max on a cycle ergometer combined with the use of a metabolic cart and Electromyography (EMG) measurements. PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to determine if water submersion affects skeletal muscle activation, fatigue, and whole-body gas exchange. METHODS: Three participants were recruited to participate in a cold and no temperature trial. Participants arrived and baseline vitals and measurements were …

Educating Anesthesia Providers On The Physiological Effects And Anesthesia Implications Of Cannabis, Carmel Loud

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

In the U.S., currently 37 states have legalized cannabis for medicinal use prescribed by qualified medical professionals (National Conference of State Legislatures [NCSL], 2022). In 2012, the legalization of recreational cannabis began; as of 2022, 19 states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana (NCSL, 2022). This project aimed to optimize care for patients using cannabis by increasing anesthesia provider knowledge about cannabis. The project's aim was accomplished through a thorough review of the current medical literature and implementation of education to anesthesia providers about the physiological effects and anesthesia implications of cannabis. Thirteen CRNAs took a pre- and post-quiz …

Dissecting The Tissue-Specific Contributions To Seizures, Cardiorespiratory Dysfunction, And Sudden Death In The Kv1.1 Mouse Model Of Epilepsy Using Conditional Knockout Approaches, Kelsey Paulhus

Biological Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), the primary cause of mortality in epilepsy, remains poorly understood. Studies suggest seizures may trigger dangerous signals affecting the heart and lungs leading to collapse and death. The Kv1.1 deficiency mouse model mirrors clinical SUDEP cases, showing spontaneous seizures, cardiorespiratory issues, and premature death. However, this model lacks regional specificity in Kv1.1 deletion, hindering insights into SUDEP’s mechanisms and anatomical substrates.

This dissertation employs three distinct conditional knockout (cKO) techniques to investigate the individual roles for the forebrain, brainstem, and heart in SUDEP related phenotypes. The findings reveal that the forebrain alone can trigger …

Stress Hormone And Heart Rate Responses To Various Exercise Training Methods, Tomas Gomez Jr., Rebekah Schlatter, Megan Zamora, Marco Arriago, Sue Anne Chew, Murat Karabulut

Research Symposium

Background: Blood Flow Resistance (BFR) training has garnered attention for its ability to induce positive physiological adaptations with low-load resistance exercise. The present study aimed to examine the responses of catabolic hormones and heart rates (HR) to various BFR training protocols. This investigation seeks to provide insights into the stress levels induced by different protocols and identification behind the most effective protocol for optimal positive exercise-related adaptations.

Methods: Study population involved 10 healthy adult males (height: 175.0±5.0 cm, weight: 96.67±26.6 kg, age: 21.3±2.67 yr.) in a five-session investigation. Informed consent paperwork, pre-testing and anthropometric measurements served as session 1; sessions …

Establishing The Validity And Reliability Of The Astroskin® Biometric Shirt, Alex Macquarrie, Jasmin Sidhu, Chloe Deetlefs, Steve Whitfield, Matt Stainer

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 5: Issue 1, Article 4, 2024. Biometric garments such as the Astroskin® biometric shirt (Carre Technologies, Montreal, PQ) may be useful for non-invasively monitoring human physiology in a number of applied settings. The Astroskin® biometric shirt measures and records continuous heart rate (HR), blood oxygenation (SPO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiratory rate (RR). The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Astroskin® biometric shirt. This was achieved through comparing the Astroskin® with a commercially available hospital-grade cardiac monitor, the corpuls3® (Stemple GmbH, Kaufering, Germany) for the …

Anatomy And Physiology Of Intraosseous Infusion, Andrew Mizerowski, James Paxton

Medical Student Research Symposium

The introduction of fluids and medications via intraosseous (IO) infusion is highly dependent upon many unique aspects of bone anatomy and physiology. Key considerations include differences in the medullary cross-sectional area between insertion sites, age- and location-dependent variation in the distribution of red and yellow bone marrow, volume and pressure capacity within the venous system, and the influence of hormones and other chemical messengers on vasomotor tone. In addition to an exploration of these concepts, this chapter will also discuss the physiologic basis for pharmacokinetic relationships reported in the prevailing literature and propose methods to optimize the use of IO …

Ethical Implications Of Space Colonization, Anna K. Orta, Jose Lopez, Carlos Ontiveros

Young Scientists and Philosophers on the Border

No abstract provided.

Inter-Individual Variations In Circadian Misalignment-Induced Nafld Pathophysiology In Mice, Nobuya Koike, Yasuhiro Umemura, Hitoshi Inokawa, Isao Tokuda, Yoshiki Tsuchiya, Yuh Sasawaki, Atsushi Umemura, Naoko Masuzawa, Kazuya Yabumoto, Takashi Seya, Akira Sugimoto, Seung-Hee Yoo, Zheng Chen, Kazuhiro Yagita

Journal Articles

Pathological consequences of circadian misalignment, such as shift work, show considerable individual differences, but the lack of mechanistic understanding hinders precision prevention to prevent and mitigate disease symptoms. Here, we employed an integrative approach involving physiological, transcriptional, and histological phenotypes to examine inter-individual differences in pre-symptomatic pathological progression, preceding irreversible disease onset, in wild-type mice exposed to chronic jet-lag (CJL). We observed that CJL markedly increased the prevalence of hepatic steatosis with pronounced inter-individual differences. Stratification of individual mice based on CJL-induced hepatic transcriptomic signature, validated by histopathological analysis, pinpoints dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Moreover, the period and power of …

Biol 462-002: Comparative Biomechanics, Brooke Flammang

Biology Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Biol 698-002: St: Comparative Biomechanics, Brooke Flammang

Biology Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Ketogenic Diet, Caloric Restriction And Intermittent Fasting Increase The Mitochondrial Activity In Aged Rats, Mohamed H.A. Hassan, Hesham A.D. Abdel-Razek, Yahya M. Naguib, Eman A. Badr, Sara E. Abdou, Ahmed M. Gaafar

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective: Studying the effect of multiple dietary strategies on mitochondrial activity of aged rats. Background: Healthy aging may be achieved by intermittent fasting, caloric restriction or ketogenic diet regimens. Material and methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats, 20-22-week-old, were randomized into four equal groups: control, ketogenic diet (KD), caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) groups. After 8 weeks, rats were weighed, and subjected for measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) using a rat-tail sphygmomanometer, and neurobehavioral assessment via open field examination. Then, fasting retro-orbital blood samples were collected to measure free fatty acids (FFA), liver and kidney function tests and …

The Positive Functional And Structural Cardiovascular Impact Of Homoarginine In Aged Rats Via Modulation Of Cardiac Inos/Fibrosis Pathway And Ampk, Heba Fathy El-Domiaty, Walaa Abdellah Esa, Nesrin Abd Allah Salman

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objectives To investigate the cardiovascular protective effect of HA in aged rats and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Background: Aging is a natural process, which has a gradual biological impact on the normal functions of different organs. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were divided in to 3 groups: adult (4-6 months), aged (23-24 months) and aged HA supplemented groups. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and aortic blood flow parameters were recorded for all rats. Then, rats were sacrificed and cardiac tissue was dissected to measure the cardiac levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). …

Effect Of Type 2 Diabetes Milletus On Glycemic State, Cognitive Brain Functions And Hippocampus Dna In Adult Male Rats, Sohair A. Saleh, Gergess S. Hanna, Sobhy E. El-Naby, Suzy F. Ewieda, Rasha Sa. Elseadawy, Basma S. Ghoneim, Shaimaa M. Motawea

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective: To investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes milletus on glycemic state, cognitive brain function, and hippocampus DNA in adult male rats as well as potential underlying mechanisms.

Background: It has been predicted that the number of diabetics will more than likely double by the year 2030 as a result of urbanization, obesity, and ageing. Diabetes mellitus is linked to the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Thirty-six male albino rats of local strain, at 6 weeks of age weighing 150 - 200 gm each, were divided into 2 equal groups: non-Diabetic and Diabetic non-treated groups. After 4 …

The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activity And Climate Change On The Formation Of Harmful Algal Blooms (Habs) And Its Ecological Consequence, Zhangxi Hu, Aifeng Li, Zhun Li, Margaret R. Mulholland

OES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sex Differences In The Effects Of Cortisol On Muscle Characteristics: A Meta-Analysis, Natalie Bitetti

CMC Senior Theses

Background: Cortisol plays a central role in both muscle breakdown and growth. These effects are highly dependent on dose and interactions with other hormones. It is known that men and women show considerable differences in their muscle structure and physiology, which are largely driven by hormonal differences. Cortisol release patterns may also vary between the sexes, with current research showing considerable disagreement. The interplay between cortisol and muscle, two highly variable and sexually dimorphic factors, may prove to have different effects in males versus females.

Objective: This meta-analysis integrates existing research on sex differences in cortisol-muscle physiology with existing research …

Innate And Adaptive Immune System Consequences Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Tatlock H. Lauten, Tamara Natour, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

In the field of psychiatry, biological markers are rarely, if ever, used in the diagnosis of mental health disorders. Clinicians rely primarily on patient histories and behavioral symptoms to identify specific psychopathologies, which makes diagnosis highly subjective. Moreover, therapies for mental health disorders are aimed specifically at attenuating behavioral manifestations, which overlooks the pathophysiological indices of the disease. This is highly evident in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) where inflammation and immune system perturbations are becoming increasingly described. Further, patients with PTSD possess significantly elevated risks of developing comorbid inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, which are likely linked …

Physiological Responses Of The American Lobster Cardiovascular System To Neuropeptide Sgrnflrfamide (Sgrn), Andre Eden

Honors Projects

During every second of a human’s life, the cardiovascular system is modulated by factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to the physiology of the heart. We can uncover new insights regarding the nature of our system through investigations of similar systems in other model species. One example materializes itself in the form of the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) whose single-chambered heart finds resemblance to the function and anatomy to that of humans. The lobster heart is powered by the cardiac ganglion (CG), a group of neurons that drive contractions of surrounding heart muscles, known as the myocardium. Both the …

Comparing Ionoregulation And Modes Of Nitrogen Excretion Across The Life Cycle Of Parasitic And Non-Parasitic Lamprey Species, Shannon Davidson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Abstract

Ionoregulation and nitrogenous waste (N-waste) metabolism in fishes has been extensively documented in teleosts and elasmobranchs, but less so in lampreys (Petromizontiformes). All lamprey species undergo metamorphosis which drastically changes their physiology and modes of feeding. However, differences in ionoregulatory mechanisms due to anadromous versus non anadromous life history strategies emerge following metamorphosis in different lamprey species. Furthermore, some species, such as anadromous juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), are parasitic and migrate to seawater (SW) to ingest blood protein from host fishes, while juveniles of freshwater (FW), non-parasitic species, such as the American brook lamprey …

Metformin Alleviates Hepatic Iron Overload And Ferroptosis Through Ampk-Ferroportin Pathway In Hfd-Induced Nafld, Fangzhi Yue, Ying Shi, Shanyu Wu, Lin Xing, Dan He, Lin Wei, Anqi Qiu, Ryan D. Russell, Dongmei Zhang

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• Metformin alleviates HIO and ferroptosis in HFD-induced NAFLD

• FPN is involved in the molecular mechanism of metformin on HIO in HFD-induced NAFLD

• Metformin upregulates FPN expression by reducing lysosomal ubiquitination degradation

Summary

Metformin prevents progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the potential mechanism is not entirely understood. Ferroptosis, a recently recognized nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on ferroptosis and its potential mechanism in NAFLD. We found that metformin prevented the progression of NAFLD, and alleviated hepatic iron …

Metformin Alleviates Hepatic Iron Overload And Ferroptosis Through Ampk-Ferroportin Pathway In Hfd-Induced Nafld, Fangzhi Yue, Ying Shi, Shanyu Wu, Lin Xing, Dan He, Lin Wei, Anqi Qiu, Ryan D. Russell, Dongmei Zhang

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• Metformin alleviates HIO and ferroptosis in HFD-induced NAFLD

• FPN is involved in the molecular mechanism of metformin on HIO in HFD-induced NAFLD

• Metformin upregulates FPN expression by reducing lysosomal ubiquitination degradation

Summary

Metformin prevents progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the potential mechanism is not entirely understood. Ferroptosis, a recently recognized nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on ferroptosis and its potential mechanism in NAFLD. We found that metformin prevented the progression of NAFLD, and alleviated hepatic iron …

Impacts Of Environmental Stressors On Native South Dakota Amphibian Physiology And Survival, Danielle Jean Galvin

Dissertations and Theses

Amphibian populations around the world are declining, with some of the most likely drivers behind these declines including emerging infectious diseases and environmental contaminants. To address major gaps in the current literature, I sought to evaluate the effect of two major environmental stressors on various aspects of amphibian physiology: emerging infectious diseases and environmental contaminants. Emerging infectious diseases of amphibians include fungal, viral, and parasitic pathogens which have expanded in host range, either geographically or in competent host species. Environmental contaminants include chemicals which may be naturally occurring in the environment, or which may be introduced to the environment, often …

The Physiological Effects Of Acute And Ramp Hypoxic Exposure During Simulated Flight Tasks, Jasmin Renee Jenkins

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of hypoxia at simulated altitudes of FiO2 15.4% (8000’ equivalent), FiO2 13.2% (12,000’ equivalent), and a Ramp Hypoxic exposure on perceived workload, cardiovascular activity, electrodermal activity, oximetry, and flight simulator performance. A total of 17 participants (10 female & 7 males; mean ± SEM, age 24.82±1.6 yrs, BMI 25.87±1.0 who were apparently healthy, asymptomatic, and physically active performed 3 flight tasks using a video game head-mounted display (HMD) flight simulator while exposed to simulated altitudes of Normoxia, FiO2 15.4%, FiO2 13.2% and a Ramp Hypoxic Exposure (breathing at 8,000 …

Atrial Shunt Therapy For Heart Failure: An Update, William Gray

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Transcatheter atrial shunt therapies, designed to dynamically lower left atrial (LA) pressure by shunting blood into the larger reservoir of the right atrium and central veins, have been developed as a novel treatment for heart failure (HF) over the past 10+ years. Several atrial shunt devices and procedures are currently in development with several pivotal randomized clinical trials (RCT) underway; however, only 2 sham-controlled RCT (both with the Atrial Shunt Device [Corvia Medical] in HF with EF ≥ 40%) have been reported thus far; a mechanistic RCT (n = 44) that demonstrated a reduction in exercise LA pressure at …

Ms 106 Guide To Ferid Murad, Md, Phd Papers (1959-1996), Ferid Murad (1936-2023)

Manuscript Finding Aids

The Ferid Murad, MD papers consists of fifiteen handwritten notebooks documenting Dr. Ferid Murad's research. The notebooks include research data presented in tables and charts, as well as Dr. Murad's notes. The notebooks span the years 1959-1970. In addition, the collection includes a small number of printed materials from organizations of which Dr. Murad was a part. Notably, there are manuals from his internship and residency at Massachusetts General Hospital, dating around 1965. See more at MS 106.

Destination Integration: Linking Physiology, Histology, And Embryology Content In Foundational Sciences, Jennifer F. Dennis, Bradley A. Creamer

Faculty Publications

Anatomy and physiology are tightly linked disciplines that complement each other, however, in medical education delivery of this content is often siloed and divided. To address this, we created combined anatomy and physiology content for the female reproductive system, and team-taught designated histology and embryology topics integrated with the physiology content. Collectively, this created a more holistic incorporation of topics for student learning. Here we describe the format and approach for this teaching innovation.

Canine Testes Thin Sections Culture​, Nguyen Khoi Nguyen, Ramanpreet Singh

2023 Symposium

Canine testes thin section culture

Testes tissue culture systems would provide a tool to elucidate spermatogenesis mechanisms, with the aim of genetic preservation of mammals, especially endangered species. Our experiment aims to develop a culture system capable of producing viable mammalian sperm cells in vitro.

Dogs were chosen as the model organism because testes are readily available. Canine testes were obtained from a local veterinary clinic. Thin sections were generated using a commercial electric slicer. They then were cleaned using Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) supplemented with antibiotics then cultured in a modified Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM-199). Sections were …

Canine Testes Thin Sections Culture, Nguyen Khoi Nguyen, Ramanpreet Singh

2023 Symposium

Canine testes thin section culture

Testes tissue culture systems would provide a tool to elucidate spermatogenesis mechanisms, with the aim of genetic preservation of mammals, especially endangered species. Our experiment aims to develop a culture system capable of producing viable mammalian sperm cells in vitro.

Dogs were chosen as the model organism because testes are readily available. Canine testes were obtained from a local veterinary clinic. Thin sections were generated using a commercial electric slicer. They then were cleaned using Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) supplemented with antibiotics then cultured in a modified Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM-199). Sections were …

Biol 644-001: Physiological Mechanism, John Yarotsky

Biology Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Salinity Tolerance Of The Swordtail (Xiphophorus Hellerii), Alexandra Megan Krak

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

The swordtail, Xiphophorus hellerii, is a freshwater fish species native to Mexico and Central America and is commonly used in the tropical aquarium trade. Swordtails have been shown to have limited survival in 6 ‰ salinity (Nanda et al., 2016), suggesting they may have a greater salinity tolerance than previously expected. Using a gradual acclimation method, we examined the salinity tolerance and swim performance of this species. Freshwater-reared female swordtails were housed in 29-gallon aquaria. A control group was held in freshwater throughout the experiment. For the experimental group, the salinity was increased by 2 ‰ every week until 30 …

Editorial: Rising Stars In Microbial Physiology And Metabolism: 2022, Nicole R. Buan, Ulrike Kappler

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

This Research Topic was initiated to highlight work by young authors, the rising stars in the field of microbial physiology and metabolism. Microbial physiology and metabolism is an interdisciplinary field of research that seeks to uncover how the metabolic pathways of a cell work together to determine cell fate and function, whether that be growth, replication, pathogenicity, predation, respiration and fermentation, homeostasis or death. Ultimately, researchers like the ones featured here seek to integrate biological information and physicochemical parameters to try to find the underlying rules governing microbial function so that we can understand, predict and design microbes and microbial …