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Hunter-Gatherers Harvested And Heated Microbial Biogenic Iron Oxides To Produce Rock Art Pigment, Brandi Lee Macdonald, David Stalla, Xiaoqing He
Hunter-Gatherers Harvested And Heated Microbial Biogenic Iron Oxides To Produce Rock Art Pigment, Brandi Lee Macdonald, David Stalla, Xiaoqing He
KIP Articles
Red mineral pigment use is recognized as a fundamental component of a series of traits associated with human evolutionary development, social interaction, and behavioral complexity. Iron-enriched mineral deposits have been collected and prepared as pigment for use in rock art, personal adornment, and mortuary practices for millennia, yet little is known about early developments in mineral processing techniques in North America. Microanalysis of rock art pigments from the North American Pacific Northwest reveals a sophisticated use of iron oxide produced by the biomineralizing bacterium Leptothrix ochracea; a keystone species of chemolithotroph recognized in recent advances in the development of thermostable, …
Evaluation For The Development Of A Jacob’S Well Groundwater Management Zone In Hays County, Texas, Marcus O. Gary, Brian B. Hunt, Brian A. Smith
Evaluation For The Development Of A Jacob’S Well Groundwater Management Zone In Hays County, Texas, Marcus O. Gary, Brian B. Hunt, Brian A. Smith
KIP Articles
Jacob’s Well is a karst spring originating from the Lower Cretaceous, Middle Trinity Aquifer and is located in the Cypress Creek watershed near Wimberley, Texas. The Middle Trinity Aquifer is the primary groundwater resource for water supply in the region. Jacob’s Well flow responds to climatic variations of both short- and long-term cycles. Groundwater pumping from the Middle Trinity Aquifer also directly influences flow at Jacob’s Well. The combination of periodic drought cycles and increased groundwater pumping has significantly diminished springflow in recent years. The Hays Trinity Groundwater Conservation District (District) is charged with managing the groundwater resources within its …