Digital Commons Network^™

Cognitive Abilities And Individual Earnings In Hybrid Continuous Double Auctions, Yan Peng, Jason Shachat, Lijia Wei, S. Sarah Zhang

ESI Working Papers

We study the influence of cognitive abilities, in particular reaction time, trader intuition (Theory of Mind), and cognitive reflection abilities, on human participants’ individual earnings when competing alongside algorithmic traders in continuous double auctions. In balanced markets, where each human trader has an algorithmic trader clone with the same valuations or costs, faster human reaction time significantly improves trading performance, while Theory of Mind can be detrimental to human trading performance, particularly for sellers. For unbalanced markets with humans and algorithmic traders on opposite sides of the market, the effects of cognitive abilities depend on trader role as well as …

Enhancing Second Grade Students' Social-Emotional Development, Emily Elias-Castillo

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Many elementary students have not yet learned sufficient social-emotional learning skills when interacting with other children at school. In order to engage in acts of kindness and inclusion, children must develop social-emotional learning skills. When children do not have these skills, they may have disciplinary problems, difficulty creating trusting relationships, and understanding their own actions. On the other hand, children who develop these skills are more confident, may have higher academic achievement, and are more socially competent. To address the lack of social-emotional learning skills, I created a two-day lesson for second graders at Freedom Elementary School in Watsonville, California.

The Effect Of Cognitive Abilities On The Creative Performance Of Employees: An Exploratory Study Of The Opinions Of A Sample Of Employees Working At Tikrit University / College Of Administration And Economics, Taraq Azeez Kourdi

Journal of STEPS for Humanities and Social Sciences

The research aims to describe the study Variables As well as analyzing the relationship between (cognitive abilities and creative performance), and measuring the impact of cognitive abilities in achieving creative performance. In order to find an answer to the research questions and achieve its objectives, the research depends on two main hypotheses: there is a significant correlation between cognitive abilities and the achievement of creative performance, as well as a significant influence relationship for cognitive abilities in enhancing creative performance. The researcher used the analytical method in order to reach the results, and the questionnaire was a main tool in …

Infant Cognition As A Predictor Of Language Development, Casey Ripplinger

2023 SLP Posters

Through everyday interactions with their caregivers, most infants readily acquire early communication that leads to the development of listening and spoken language. However, a child's cognitive abilities may predict their language acquisition trajectory and the complexity of language they ultimately achieve. This poster describes the cognitive skills which are known predictors of language acquisition. Furthermore, this poster offers suggested intervention activities which caregivers and professionals can utilize to enhance the development of language in young children.

The Effects Of Educational Games On The Development Of Some Cognitive Skills In Children Aged (4-5) Years, Maytham Mohsen Abdul Kazem

Journal of STEPS for Humanities and Social Sciences

The research problem was the importance of the acquisition of these skills for the child, especially in the early stages of his life, since the researcher noticed that some children have weaknesses in their cognitive abilities. This led him to study this important aspect and look for the reasons that lead to the development of such weakness by determining the level of their cognitive abilities. Then he should work to develop them through a program of educational games and benefit from some games in the development of this important aspect in the child's life. The aim of the study is …

The Differences Between Genders In Learning Languages, Dilafruz Nematjanova

Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

This article mainly discusses the differences between the sexes in language acquisition in recent years and the biological, neurological, and environmental considerations that lead women and men to learn other languages in different ways.

Does The Early Bird Really Get The Worm? How Chronotype Relates To Human Intelligence, Aaron Gibbings, Laura B. Ray, Dylan Smith, Nicholas Van Den Berg, Balmeet Toor, Valya Sergeeva, Jeremy Viczko, Adrian M. Owen, Stuart M. Fogel

Neuroscience Institute Publications

Objectives: Chronotype impacts our state at a given time of day, however, chronotype is also heritable, trait-like, and varies systematically as a function of age and sex. However, only a handful of studies support a relationship between chronotype and trait-like cognitive abilities (i.e., intelligence), and the evidence is sparse and inconsistent between studies. Typically, studies have: (1) focused on limited subjective measures of chronotype, (2) focused on young adults only, and (3) have not considered sex differences. Here, using a combination of cognitive aptitude and ability testing, subjective chronotype, and objective actigraphy, we aimed to explore the relationship between trait-like …

Examining The Relationships Between Early Childhood Experiences And Adolescent And Young Adult Health Status In A Resource-Limited Population: A Cohort Study, Zeba A. Rasmussen, Wasiat H. Shah, Chelsea L. Hansen, Syed Iqbal Azam, Ejaz Hussain, Barbara A. Schaefer, Nicole Zhong, Alexandra A. Jamison, Khalil Ahmed, Benjamin J J. Mccormick

Department of Medicine

Background: Adolescence is a critical point in the realization of human capital, as health and educational decisions with long-term impacts are made. We examined the role of early childhood experiences on health, cognitive abilities, and educational outcomes of adolescents followed up from a longitudinal cohort study in Pakistan, hypothesizing that early childhood experiences reflecting poverty would manifest in reduced health and development in adolescence.
Methods and findings: Adolescents/young adults previously followed as children aged under 5 years were interviewed. Childhood data were available on diarrhea, pneumonia, and parental/household characteristics. New data were collected on health, anthropometry, education, employment, and languages …

Manuscript Writing And Publication Workshop: An Invoking Pilot Study On Enhancing Cognitive Research Capabilities In Health Sciences Institutes Of Pakistan, Mehwish Hussain, Rehana Rehman, Mukhtiar Baig

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: With an upsurge in research in developing countries, researchers from allied sciences need to augment their skills for disseminating research work worldwide. Training workshop is one of the quick interventions which can enhance writing skills and ease research publication.
Objective: We designed this research to explore the perception of the faculty of different higher education institutes (HEIs) regarding manuscript writing and to assess the impact of these workshops in the improvement of cognitive capabilities of preliminary researchers in Pakistan.
Methodology: We conducted workshops in HEIs of Sindh, Pakistan. Contents of the workshop covered algorithm of writing manuscript and related …

Moral Reconation Therapy: Efficacy And Predictors Of Dropout, Amber Maiwald

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

No known research has been conducted on whether Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) actually reduces criminogenic thinking. Similarly, no known research has been conducted to identify factors associated with dropout from the MRT program (i.e., choosing to leave the group before completion/release). Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to discover whether MRT reduces criminogenic thinking, and (b) to determine if criminogenic thinking, ACEs, cognitive abilities, and personality traits, particularly impulsivity, psychoticism, and antisocial traits, influence dropout. If significant effects in one or more of the aforementioned areas are discovered, individuals predicted to have the same profile as past …

The Importance Of Cognitive Diversity For Sustaining The Commons, Jacopo A. Baggio, Jacob Freeman, Thomas R. Coyle, Tam Nguyen, Dale Hancock, Karrie E. Elpers, Samantha Nabity, H.J. Francois Dengah Ii, David Pillow

Ecology Center Publications

Cognitive abilities underpin the capacity of individuals to build models of their environment and make decisions about how to govern resources. Here, we test the functional intelligences proposition that functionally diverse cognitive abilities within a group are critical to govern common pool resources. We assess the effect of two cognitive abilities, social and general intelligence, on group performance on a resource harvesting and management game involving either a negative or a positive disturbance to the resource base. Our results indicate that under improving conditions (positive disturbance) groups with higher general intelligence perform better. However, when conditions deteriorate (negative disturbance) groups …

Heredity And The Environment Effect On Parenting, N. A. Karimova

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

This article discusses the interaction of genetics, heredity and the environment, which are influenced by the unconscious and consciousness, and this discipline is the result of the motivation and participation of the human mind. The environment in the genetic composition of individual differences in the psychological characteristics of man. The influence of genetic and environmental factors is adjusted in the discipline. It is necessary to take into account the indicators of the reasons for personal differences in the studied features. Below are some of the most important results of gene influence

Advanced Artificial Intelligence And Contract, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

The aim of this article is to inquire whether contract law can operate in a state of affairs in which artificial general intelligence (AGI) exists and has the cognitive abilities to interact with humans to exchange promises or otherwise engage in the sorts of exchanges typically governed by contract law. AGI is a long way off but its emergence may be sudden and come in the lifetimes of some people alive today. How might contract law adapt to a situation in which at least one of the contract parties could, from the standpoint of capacity to engage in promising and …

Brain Activation Time-Locked To Sleep Spindles Associated With Human Cognitive Abilities, Zhuo Fang, Laura B. Ray, Adrian M. Owen, Stuart M. Fogel

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) studies have revealed brain activations time-locked to spindles. Yet, the functional significance of these spindle-related brain activations is not understood. EEG studies have shown that inter-individual differences in the electrophysiological characteristics of spindles (e.g., density, amplitude, duration) are highly correlated with "Reasoning" abilities (i.e., "fluid intelligence"; problem solving skills, the ability to employ logic, identify complex patterns), but not short-term memory (STM) or verbal abilities. Spindle-dependent reactivation of brain areas recruited during new learning suggests night-to-night variations reflect offline memory processing. However, the functional significance of stable, trait-like inter-individual differences in brain …

Brain Activation Time-Locked To Sleep Spindles Associated With Human Cognitive Abilities, Zhuo Fang, Laura B. Ray, Adrian M. Owen, Stuart M. Fogel

BrainsCAN Publications

Copyright © 2019 Fang, Ray, Owen and Fogel. Simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) studies have revealed brain activations time-locked to spindles. Yet, the functional significance of these spindle-related brain activations is not understood. EEG studies have shown that inter-individual differences in the electrophysiological characteristics of spindles (e.g., density, amplitude, duration) are highly correlated with "Reasoning" abilities (i.e., "fluid intelligence"; problem solving skills, the ability to employ logic, identify complex patterns), but not short-term memory (STM) or verbal abilities. Spindle-dependent reactivation of brain areas recruited during new learning suggests night-to-night variations reflect offline memory processing. However, the functional …

Evaluation Of A Cognitive Training Program And Its Effects On Healthy Older Adults, Nathan Jensen

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

As one ages, some degree of cognitive decline is expected. Despite this, declines in cognitive abilities and the possibility of dementia is a common concern among older adults. In response to these concerns, a variety of cognitive training programs have been developed that aim to improve or maintain cognitive functioning. Prior literature has shown mixed or limited findings on cognitive changes after implementation of cognitive training. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a cognitive training program designed for older adults with no to minimal cognitive decline. The current study included 18 participants who engaged in two one-hour cognitive training sessions …

Word Counts In Response To Cognitively Demanding Essay Prompts As Reflections Of General Cognitive Ability And Broad Cognitive Abilities, Michael Beaumont Armstrong

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Natural language processing techniques can be used to analyze text and speech data. These techniques have been applied within many domains to date but have only recently been examined in the domain of personnel assessment. By linking workplace-relevant constructs such as general cognitive ability (GCA) to natural language processing outcomes such as word counts, a foundation for language-based psychological assessment of those abilities can be laid. Over 400 participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk to write cognitively demanding essays and complete a battery of cognitive tests. Essays were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). Structural equation modeling …

Do The Wj-Iv Tests Of Cognitive Abilities Predict Reading Equally Across Groups?, Isaac L. Woods Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reading and intelligence tests are commonly used as instruments to decide on special educational services for students. The construct validity and predictive validity of the Woodcock Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ IV; Schrank, McGrew, & Mather,2014) has not been examined for bias across racial/ethnic groups. This study extends Keith's (199) examination of bias for general and specific cognitive ability latent variables predicting basic reading skills, reading comprehension, and reading rate using a cognitive model and a reading achievment model adapted from Niileksela, Reynolds, Keith, and McGrew (2016). Using Black, Hispanic, and White samples of 9- to 13-year-olds from …

An Exploration Of Relations Among The Wechsler Scales, The Woodcock-Johnson Iii Cognitive And Achievement Batteries, And Mental Health Measures In A Sample Of College Students With Suspected Disabilities, C. Lee Affrunti

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation reports results of analyses of an archival dataset created at a large Midwestern public university, where staff at the university's resource center for students with disabilities conduct neuropsychological evaluations of students suspected of psychological disabilities, learning disabilities, or both. To explore the relations among the variables, analyses included standardized cognitive and achievement test scores, psychological rating scales results, resource center service utilization, and seven to eight consecutive semesters of grade-point average information of approximately 1292 students evaluated from 2000 to 2012. Descriptions of the cognitive and achievement variables are provided for the largest demographic and diagnostic groups. Demographic …

Adult Cleaner Wrasse Outperform Capuchin Monkeys, Chimpanzees And Orang-Utans In A Complex Foraging Task Derived From Cleaner – Client Reef Fish Cooperation, Lucie H. Salwiczek, Laurent Pretot, Lanila Demarta, Darby Proctor, Jennifer Essler, Ana I. Pinto, Sharon Wismer, Tara Stoinski, Sarah F. Brosnan, Redouan Bshary

Psychology Faculty Publications

The insight that animals’ cognitive abilities are linked to their evolutionary history, and hence their ecology, provides the framework for the comparative approach. Despite primates renowned dietary complexity and social cognition, including cooperative abilities, we here demonstrate that cleaner wrasse outperform three primate species, capuchin monkeys, chimpanzees and orang-utans, in a foraging task involving a choice between two actions, both of which yield identical immediate rewards, but only one of which yields an additional delayed reward. The foraging task decisions involve partner choice in cleaners: they must service visiting client reef fish before resident clients to access both; otherwise the …

Psychological Functioning In Adulthood: A Self-Efficacy Analysis, Daniele Artistico, Jane M. Berry, Justin Black, Dan Cervone, Courtney Lee, Heather Orom

Psychology Faculty Publications

In the first edition of this handbook, we laid the foundation for a self-efficacy approach to understanding learning in adulthood. We examined self-efficacy applications to learning in adulthood from two broad-based theoretical perspectives: KAPA (knowledge and appraisal personality architecture; Cervone, 2004a) and SOC (selective optimization with compensation, Baltes, Lindenberger, & Staudinger, 2006). Both perspectives emphasize the dynamic interplay between dispositional, motivational, situational, and developmental contexts for successful functioning and adaptation in life. In this edition, we build upon earlier claims with new evidence regarding the central role of self-efficacy to adult development, aging, and well-being in memory, health, work, and …

Simplifying The Cattellian Psychometric Model, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:
This chapter concerns the scientific analysis of individual differences in human psychological functioning including personality structure, undertaken by the author over a 30-year period (Boyle, 2006b).

Categorical Exclusions From Capital Punishment: How Many Wrongs Make A Right?, Dora W. Klein

Faculty Articles

The two categorical exclusions of age and mental capacity will impact not only those offenders who are excluded from the death penalty, but also those offenders who remain subject to this punishment. The Supreme Court’s decisions in Roper v. Simmons and Atkins v. Virginia raise the issue that a capital-punishment-limiting decision possesses wrongs of its own. Both decisions limit the death penalty—Roper excludes from this punishment offenders who committed their crimes before they were eighteen years old and Atkins excludes offenders who are mentally retarded. But in both cases, the Supreme Court overstated the uniformity and universality of traits associated …

Assessing Cognitive Abilities In A Sample Of Sioux Children Utilizing Traditional And Nonverbal Measures Of Intelligence, Norman C. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The disproportionate number of American Indian students receiving special education services indicates an ongoing need for research leading to improved assessment and placement practices with this population. Standardized tests are most often used to screen and select students for special education services. However, not all intelligence tests have been normed for use with all populations, especially where minority groups have been concerned.

While the merits of traditional intelligence tests must not be discounted, the emergence of new tests and assessment measures is encouraging, particularly for the assessment of American Indian students. A natural next step is to consider a traditional …

The Cognitive Ability Requirements Of Vocational Education: A Role For Elementary Industrial Arts, E. Bryan Newsome

OTS Master's Level Projects & Papers

The problem associated with substituting vocational education for general education is examined in three areas: 1. the vocational development patterns of American students; 2. the skills necessary for occupational success; 3. the skills required for vocational training.