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Experimental Study Of The Ultrasonic Extraction Process Of Plant Raw Materials, Azamat Bakir Ogli Usenov, Doston Ishmuxammat Ogli Samandarov, Qobil Akmal Ogli Mukhiddinov, Jasur Esirgapovich Safarov Dcs

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In-depth scientific research is being conducted around the world aimed at developing the scientific and methodological foundations of energy-saving extractors, processing medicinal plants, increasing the efficiency of modern technologies, processes and equipment for obtaining high-quality pharmaceutical raw materials rich in biologically active substances. Energy-saving extractors, developed in conjunction with the extraction process of medicinal plants, are introduced into the industry using scientifically proven technology. At the global level, special attention is paid to the creation of intelligent designs of innovative extraction plants that operate using ultrasonic waves, allowing the extraction of medicinal components of plants.

Fluid Dynamics, Nathan Speirs

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Areas of interest: Interfacial fluid dynamics (this is where 2 fluids that don't mix meet, like air and water); water entry; cavitation; others

High All-Cause Mortality And Increasing Proportion Of Older Adults With Tuberculosis In Texas, 2008–2020, Belinda A. Medrano, Miryoung Lee, Gretchen L. Gemeinhardt, Lana Yamba, Blanca I. Restrepo

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) elimination efforts must consider the global growth of the ageing population. Here we used TB surveillance data from Texas, United States (2008–2020; total n = 10656) to identify unique characteristics and outcomes in older adults (OA, ≥65 years) with PTB, compared to young adults (YA, 18–39 years) or middle-aged adults (40–64 years). We found that the proportion of OA with PTB increased from 15% in 2008 to 24% in 2020 (trend p < 0.05). Diabetes was highly prevalent in OA (32%) but not associated with adverse outcomes. Death was 13-fold higher in OA compared to YA and was 7% at the time of diagnosis which suggests diagnostic delays. However, once TB was suspected, we found no differences in culture, smear, or nucleic acid detection of mycobacteria (although less lung cavitations) in OA. During treatment, OA had less drug-resistant TB, few adverse reactions and adhered with TB treatment. We recommend training healthcare workers to ‘think TB’ in OA, for prompt treatment initiation to diminish deaths. Furthermore, OA should be added as a priority group to the latent TB treatment guidelines by the World Health Organization, to prevent TB disease in this highly vulnerable group.

Case Of Metastatic Eshophageal Adenocarcinoma Presenting As Multiple Cavitary Lung Lesions, Michael L. Ahrens, Mala Goyal, Shivangi A. Gohil, Shruti Verma, Pratima K. Singh

Continental, MidAmerica, & Mountain Divisions GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Numerical Modeling Of Cavitation During Shock Droplet Interaction, Khanh Chi Nguyen

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

This effort explores the complex phenomena of cavitation inside different liquid geometry interacting with a planar shock wave by employing the use of Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) modeling. The simulation is an unsteady multiphase simulation utilizing a finite volume commercial code known as STAR-CCM+ . Two primary cavitation models were employed: the Schnerr- Sauer model and the Full Rayleigh-Plesset model. The initial investigation involves validating the numerical simulations against available experimental data. Subsequently, a comprehensive parameter study was conducted, examining the effects of varying Mach numbers, liquid geometries, and seed densities on the cavitation phenomenon. Results indicated that cavitation occurs …

Void Formation In Model Liquids, Polymer Glasses, And Granular Materials, Kai Nan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soft matter, as a subfield of condensed matter physics, has gained lots of interest from the academic and industrial communities due to its complexity and intellectual challenges. Soft materials, such as liquids, polymers, and granular materials, are widely used in real-world applications like foams, paints, and lubricants. Furthermore, their cost-effective and unique features like extreme ductility also make soft materials suitable for many advanced applications such as bioimplantable devices.

In Chapter 2, we examine thermodynamic cavitation, a transition from liquid to gas that occurs when the ambient pressure drops below the liquid’s vapor pressure. Varying the …

Snapping Shrimp Have Helmets That Protect Their Brains By Dampening Shock Waves, Alexandra C.N. Kingston, Sarah A. Woodin, David S. Wethey, Daniel Isaac Speiser

Faculty Publications

Shock waves are supersonic high-amplitude pressure waves that cause barotrauma when they transfer kinetic energy to the tissues of animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Snapping shrimp (Alpheidae) produce shock waves and are exposed to them frequently, so we asked if these animals have evolved mechanisms of physical protection against them. Snapping shrimp generate shock waves by closing their snapping claws rapidly enough to form cavitation bubbles that release energy as an audible “snap” and a shock wave when they collapse.5, 6, 7, 8 We tested if snapping shrimp are protected from shock waves …

Numerical Simulations Of Cavitation In The Oil Pump And Thin-Fluid-Bearing For Automotive Applications, Jiaqi Xu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The cavitation in hydraulic pumps and fluid bearings could cause system instability, wearing, and failure. Modern commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers such as Simerics Inc and GT-Suite have the capabilities of predicting cavitation. However, the fidelity and accuracy of those models require further evaluation. The aim of the thesis is to develop a methodology to improve the analysis of oil flow and cavitation in the oil circuit. The research project is conducted jointly by the University of Windsor and Politecnico di Torino. 3D CFD models of the vane pump and journal bearing are simulated using Simerics Inc to evaluate …

Application Of High-Intensity Ultrasound To Improve Food Processing Efficiency: A Review, Prasad Chavan, Pallavi Sharma, Sajeev Rattan Sharma, Tarsem Chand Mittal, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

The use of non-thermal processing technologies has grown in response to an ever-increasing demand for high-quality, convenient meals with natural taste and flavour that are free of chemical additions and preservatives. Food processing plays a crucial role in addressing food security issues by reducing loss and controlling spoilage. Among the several non-thermal processing methods, ultrasound technology has shown to be very beneficial. Ultrasound processing, whether used alone or in combination with other methods, improves food quality significantly and is thus considered beneficial. Cutting, freezing, drying, homogenization, foaming and defoaming, filtration, emulsification, and extraction are just a few of the applications …

Ultrasonic Extraction Of Instant Forms Of Plant Substrates In Industrial Production, Shakhnoza Abduvaxitovna Sultanova, Jasur Safarov, Azamat Bakir O'G'Li Usenov, Doston Ishmuhammat Ogli Samandarov, Qobil Akmal Ogli Mukhiddinov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In recent years, both in our country and abroad, ultrasonic extraction methods have been increasingly used in industrial production, which is associated with the extraction of various substances and compounds from natural plant substrates. Domestic and foreign experience shows that this method has significant advantages over traditional methods and can significantly increase the efficiency and profitability of industrial enterprises, producing complete and functional food products.

This article discusses a brief theory of ultrasonic cavitation and the experience of extracting substrates from plants. Different results have been compared and analyzed.

Effect Of High-Intensity Ultrasound On Bubble Dynamics, Oxidation, And Crystallization Behavior Of Fats, Juhee Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) provide desired texture, stability, and extended shelf life in food products. These types of lipids have been commonly used in food industry. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided to remove generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of PHOs in 2015 due to the association between PHOs and coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Hence, it is necessary to find alternative new healthy lipids or novel processing conditions that can be used to replace the functionality of PHO. Among the processing methods to be used in alternative PHOs fats, high-intensity …

Improvements Of Renewable Energy: Cavitation Treatment And Optimization Of Hybrid System For Remote Areas, Mohammad Qandil

Theses and Dissertations

The optimization of turbines hydrofoils is to improve the efficiency and lifetime of the hydro turbines. Air treatment is one of the methods to reduce the cavitation effect and improve hydro turbines performance. It is necessary to utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and to generate cavitation at different Angle of Attack (AoA) for the hydrofoil and test a variety of designs of air injection slots through the hydrofoil to optimize the best design. StarCCM+ software is used for CFD simulations. The hydrofoil is tested in a square water tunnel with water entering the tunnel at different velocities for each …

Pulmonary Embolism And Giant Cavitary Lesion Developing After Covid-19 Pneumonia, Ahmet Vural, Ahmet Nedim Kahraman

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction: The clinical manifestations of the worldwide pandemic, which began in mainland China in December 2019, were very similar to viral pneumonia and defined as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac tissue damage, secondary infections, isolated coagulopathy and pulmonary embolism have been reported with COVID-19 disease.

Clinical Findings: A 79-year-old woman admitted to the emergency room (ER) had complaints of fever and cough. The patient was admitted to the ER with the suspicion of COVID-19. Samples were collected with a nasopharyngeal swab and confirmed as COVID-19. In addition, a chest CT examination …

Effect Of Geometry And Fluid Viscosity On Dynamics Of Fluid-Filled Cracks: Insights From Analog Experimental Observations, Haitao Cao, Ezequiel F. Medici, Gregory P. Waite, Roohollah Askari

Michigan Tech Publications

Fluid-filled volumes in geological systems can change the local stress field in the host rock and may induce brittle deformation as well as crack propagation. Although the mechanisms relating fluid pressure perturbations and seismicity have been widely studied, the fluid-solid interaction inside the crack of a host rock is still not well understood. An analog experimental model of fluid intrusion in cracks between planar layers has been developed to study stress conditions at the margins and tips. A combined high-speed shadowgraph and a photoelasticity imaging system is used to visualize the fluid dynamics and induced stresses on the solid matrix. …

Cavitation: An Integral Agent Of Energetic Geomorphological Processes, Clifford A. Paiva

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

waters of the Genesis Flood. However geomorphology addresses only one aspect of structural geology. The etiological processes associated with sedimentary and igneous stratigraphy addresses yet an even more important study of Flood Geology. The general Flood model usually consists initially of a global fracture event occurring simultaneously with a global vapor canopy collapse, generating very energetic hydrodynamic processes - not the least of which is cavitation phenomena. (1) This explosive phenomenon (cavitation), resulting from exceedingly intense procession and recession of Flood waters, probably generated pressures well in excess of 200,000 psi(2) and is postulated to have occurred in the precession …

Cavitation Processes During Catastrophic Floods, Edmond W. Holroyd

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The destruction of rock by cavitation processes will be examined using a monograph and accompanying software written for evaluating man-made structures. Starting with actual damaging conditions in eight dam structures, the software will be stretched towards examining cavitation potential in simulated natural stream channels during catastrophic flood conditions.

"Nothing" Can Reduce "Everything", Paul M. Mackinney

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Vacuum bubbles formed within turbulent fluids possess unimaginable capability for rapidly reducing materials. Thew violent collapse of these bubbles (cavitation) is unavoidable in floods, and rampant cavitation during the historical flood explains how portions of the geologic column could have been formed within minimum time.

A Flood-Based Origin Of Little River Canyon Near Ft. Payne, Alabama, Alfred Jerry Akridge

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Uttle River Canyon, located on Lookout Mountain near Ft. Payne. Alabama (Figure 1), demonstrates water erosion on a colossal scale. The canyon sits on a plateau with side canyons, hanging tributary valleys, and underfit streams which testify of a massive amount of energized water involved in the formative process. The presence of sheer cliffs along the rim of the canyon and the close proximity of the canyon in two locations to the eastern margin of Lookout Mountain, indicate that the canyon was formed in the relatively recent past. Sapping features, such as alcoves, present evidence of the canyon's formation before …

Change In Level Water In Pumping-Plant Intake, R.R. Ergashev, B.T. Xolbutayev

Irrigation and Melioration

A decrease in the water level in the pump chamber of the pumping stations leads to the formation of whirlpools in front of the suction pipes. As a result of air intake, the pump unit operates in cavitation mode and their intensive wear occurs. As the data obtained from the Karshi machine channel show, mainly a decrease in design water levels in the downstream waters is observed at the first pumping station. Depending on the number of simultaneously operating pumping units, the minimum water level in the head pumping station should be from 4.5 m to 5.7 m. The received …

A Multiscale Study Of Cavitation Mechanism And Damage In Soft Materials, Fuad Hasan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations

Cavitation is defined as the formation and growth of the gaseous bubble in bulk liquid due to the tensile pressure followed by the violent collapse. The collapse of the bubble is particularly significant due to its potential to cause damage to relatively stronger materials by either creating pressure waves (symmetric collapse) or liquid jet (asymmetric collapse). The study of cavitation in soft materials (e.g., tissue, brain, gelatin gel, etc.) has, therefore, gained a fair share of attention in the scientific communities. Recent studies have indicated that cavitation could be one of the leading causes of the mild Traumatic Brain Injury …

A Molecular Scale Study Of Cavitation Growth And Shock Response In Soft Materials, Khandakar Mahmud

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations

Cavitation is a mechanism through which small vapor-filled cavities are formed in a liquid medium due to rapid changes of pressure. In liquid, the cavitation bubble is created when surrounding pressure drops below the saturation vapor pressure. Here, cavitation formation due to shock wave is considered. The molecular level heterogeneous and homogenous cavitation mechanisms and bubble growth kinetics in soft gelatin hydrogel and water has been studied. Gelatin, which is derived from collagen, is frequently used as a brain simulant material. As such, the morphology of gelatin is very different from water. In the heterogeneous cavitation study, using molecular dynamics …

Fundamental Understanding Of Plasma Discharge Formation In Liquid And Multiphase Configurations Through Multiphysics Modeling, Ali Charchi Aghdam

Theses and Dissertations

During the last two decades, non-thermal plasma discharges in and in contact with liquids have received significant attention due to their wide range of applications including chemical analysis, medical, water treatment, fuel processing, etc. Despite the tremendous interest and advances attained in the experimental studies, modeling efforts providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying physicochemical processes are limited. There is still no unified theory on plasma formation in dense medium and various theories have been proposed such as the presence of bubbles and tunneling which are topics of debate. In the first part of this study, a mathematical model is …

Numerical Simulation Of Cavitation And Failure Analysis In Hydraulic Loader, Mo Li, Yang Qi, Yumei Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Using software CFX with SST κ-ω model and Rayleigh-Plesset cavitation model, the numerical simulation of 3-D steady flow with water liquid and water vapour two phases in whole flow passage of hydraulic loader was conducted. The influences of different parameters (inlet flow rate, rotational speed and blade angle) on cavitation of hydraulic loader were studied. The results show that, under small flow rate, large blade angle (≥60°) and low speed (≤3 000 r/min), cavitation is light. At different working conditions, where cavitation appears in radial direction of position is the same. The cavitation mainly distributes where the r/R …

Acoustic Sonolysis Of Antibiotics In Water, Natalie Pinon

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Antibiotic resistance is a prominent issue in the world today. It is said by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that it is one of the major public health challenges we face today. Predominantly, antibiotic resistance is growing because conventional wastewater treatment processes are not able to completely break down antibiotics. As bacteria are exposed to such antibiotics, which don’t kill them due to selective pressure, they become immune and develop resistance which is a huge health concern. To prevent this from occurring, antibiotics need to be removed from hospital wastewater. Sonication is a promising technology that can be …

Vibrational And Sonochemical Characterization Of Ultrasonic Endodontic Activating Devices For Translation To Clinical Efficacy, Erfan Dashtimoghadam, Alexander Johnson, Farahnaz Fahimipour, Mohamadali Malakoutian, Jessica Vargas, Jose Gonzalez, Mohamed Ibrahim, John Baeten, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Passive activation of endodontic irrigants provides improved canal disinfection, smear layer removal, and better subsequent sealing. Although evidence suggests that passive activating endodontic devices increase the effectiveness of irrigation, no study exists to quantitatively compare and validate vibrational characteristics and cavitation produced by different ultrasonic endodontic devices. The current study aims to compare the efficiency of various commercially available ultrasonic endodontic activating devices (i.e., EndoUltra™, EndoChuck, Irrisafe™, and PiezoFlow®). The passive endodontic activating devices were characterized in terms of tip displacement and cavitation performance using scanning laser vibrometry (SLV) and sonochemical analysis, respectively. The obtained results showed that …

Numerical Simulation Of Steady Flow Performance Of Venturi Tube Based On Fluent, Fuyu Liu, Xiaodong Hu, Zhixi Liang, Qinglei Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The cavitation flow performances of a given Venturi tube were studied to get the steady flow curve and predict the cavitation region based on the realizable k-ε turbulence model and Zwart (Zwart-Gerber-Belamri) cavitation model under the designed conditions with FLUENT software. The throat diameters D of the Venturi tube were chosen as 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 9mm respectively; and the distances L between the throat and the entrance were 60mm,40mm and 20mm respectively. It can be concluded that: (1) The phenomenon of hydraulic cavitation is the main reason for the steady flow of Venturi tubes; (2) Throat diameter affects …

A New Synthesized Microalloys Steel Ods Of High Amplitude Ultrasonically Irradiation, Marzuki Silalahi, Hanif Abdurrahman Wicaksana, Ferhat Aziz, Syahfandi Ahda, Mohamad Riza Iskandar

Makara Journal of Technology

Micropowders of oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel have been synthesized using the ultrasonic irradiation method with variations in amplitude. The ultrasonic irradiation process is performed for 50 h at a frequency of 20 kHz with 40%, 50%, and 60% amplitudes in toluene solution. The formation of Fe-Cr microalloys in the preparation of Fe- 15Cr-0.5Y2O3 powder was analyzed using SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and TEM-EDS. The percentage of Fe- Cr phase mass fraction of ODS steel micropowder formed during ultrasonic irradiation with 40%:50%:60% amplitude was 12.2%:34.1%:22.1%, with 25.67:77.02:38.51 nm crystallite size. The crystallite size at 50% amplitude was the largest, and the diffusion …

Investigating Inducer Performance Over A Wide Range Of Operating Conditions, David Tate Fanning

Theses and Dissertations

Inducer performance is investigated for a variety of inducer geometries operating at multiple flow conditions using computational fluid dynamics. Inducers are used as a first stage in turbopumps to minimize cavitation and allow the pump to operate at lower inlet head conditions. The formation of inlet flow recirculation or backflow in the inducer occurs at low flow conditions and can lead to instabilities and cavitation-induced head breakdown. Backflow formation is often attributed to tip leakage flow. The performance of an inducer with and without tip clearance is examined. Removing the tip clearance eliminates tip leakage flow; however, backflow is still …

A Numerical Study Of Cavitating Flows Based On Plic-Vof Method For Arbitrary Unstructured Meshes, Dezhi Dai

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations

Cavitation appears when local static pressure drops below the water vapor pressure and causes significant impacts on marine propeller blades. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, which is also referred to as the Transport Equation-based Model (TEM), has been extensively adopted in the cavitating flow simulations. Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation (PLIC) schemes have been extensively employed in the VOF method for interface capturing in numerical simulations of multiphase flows. Polyhedral unstructured meshes are often adopted due to their geometric flexibility and superiority in gradient calculation. Four analytical interface reconstruction algorithms in the PLIC-VOF method for arbitrary convex polyhedral cells have …

Investigation Of Performance And Cavitation Treatment In A Kaplan Hydro Turbine, Muhannad R. Al-Haddad

Theses and Dissertations

Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs in various turbomachinery applications causing drawbacks on the. Some of these downsides are damaging the components of the system, generating noise and vibration, and loss of the turbine efficiency over time. Thus, it is imperative to address issue of cavitation to increase the life span of the equipment in addition to improve the system performance. This thesis introduces a method used to mitigate the cavitation phenomenon in a 3-inch Kaplan hydro turbine via injecting air at the leading edge of the rotor blades. The study is based on modeling the turbine using Computational Fluid …