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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Pathogenicity In Chickens And Turkeys Of A 2021 United States H5n1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Wild Bird Virus Compared To Two Previous H5n8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Erica Spackman, Christina Leyson, Sungsu Youk, Scott A. Lee, Linda M. Moon, Mia K. Torchetti, Mary L. Killian, Julianna B. Lenoch, Darrell R. Kapczynski, David E. Swayne, David L. Suarez
Pathogenicity In Chickens And Turkeys Of A 2021 United States H5n1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Wild Bird Virus Compared To Two Previous H5n8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Erica Spackman, Christina Leyson, Sungsu Youk, Scott A. Lee, Linda M. Moon, Mia K. Torchetti, Mary L. Killian, Julianna B. Lenoch, Darrell R. Kapczynski, David E. Swayne, David L. Suarez
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5 of the Gs/GD/96 lineage remain a major threat to poultry due to endemicity in wild birds. H5N1 HPAIVs from this lineage were detected in 2021 in the United States (US) and since then have infected many wild and domestic birds. We evaluated the pathobiology of an early US H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b, 2021) and two H5N8 HPAIVs from previous outbreaks in the US (clade 2.3.4.4c, 2014) and Europe (clade 2.3.4.4b, 2016) in chickens and turkeys. Differences in clinical signs, mean death times (MDTs), and virus transmissibility were found between chickens and …
Limited Accumulation And Persistence Of An Influenza A Virus In Tadpole Snails (Physa Spp.), Paul T. Oesterle, J. Jeffrey Root, Darcy S.O. Mora, Heather Schneider, Alan B. Franklin, Kathryn P. Huyvaert
Limited Accumulation And Persistence Of An Influenza A Virus In Tadpole Snails (Physa Spp.), Paul T. Oesterle, J. Jeffrey Root, Darcy S.O. Mora, Heather Schneider, Alan B. Franklin, Kathryn P. Huyvaert
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Waterfowl infected with avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) shed infectious virus into aquatic environments, providing a mechanism for transmission among waterfowl, while also exposing the entire aquatic ecosystem to the virus. Aquatic invertebrates such as freshwater snails are likely exposed to IAVs in the water column and sediment. Freshwater snails comprise a significant portion of some waterfowl species’ diets, so this trophic interaction may serve as a novel route of IAV transmission. In these experiments, tadpole snails (Physa spp.) were exposed to a low-pathogenicity IAV (H3N8) to determine whether snails can accumulate the virus and, if so, how long virus …
Entre La Exclusión Y La Empatía: Conocimientos Y Sentimientos De La Juventud Judía De Buenos Aires Sobre La Memoria Colectiva De “La Comunidad Judía” En La Última Dictadura Argentina (1976-1983) / Between Exclusion And Empathy: Knowledge And Sentiments Of Jewish Youth In Buenos Aires About The Collective Memory Of The “The Jewish Community” During The Argentine Dictatorship (1976-1983), Rachel Colson
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
La última dictadura cívico-militar en Argentina es tanto parte del pasado como del futuro. El “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional” instalado por las Fuerzas Armadas trajo opresión política y violencia extrema hacia la gente en contra del régimen. Desde su fin, la sociedad ha enfrentado el problema de cómo recordar esta época. La memoria forma parte importante de la identidad social argentina, pero es complicada debido a la experiencia de determinados grupos durante la dictadura. En estos años, los judíos sufrieron una victimización especial dentro de los campos clandestinos de detención—los sitios de tortura y desaparición—de las Fuerzas Armadas. Mientras algunos …
Electric Motor And Transmission Integration For Light-Duty Electric Vehicles: A 2023 Benchmarking Perspective And Component Sizing For A Fleet Approach, Darrell Robinette
Electric Motor And Transmission Integration For Light-Duty Electric Vehicles: A 2023 Benchmarking Perspective And Component Sizing For A Fleet Approach, Darrell Robinette
Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2
A review of past, current, and emerging electric vehicle (EV) propulsion system technologies and their integration is the focus of this paper, namely, the matching of electric motor (EM) and transmission (TRM) to meet basic requirements and performance targets. The fundaments of EM and TRM matching from a tractive effort and a vehicle dynamics perspective are provided as an introductory context to available or near-production propulsion system products available from OEM and Tier 1 suppliers. Engineering data and details regarding EM and TRM combinations are detailed with a specific focus on volumetric and mass density. Evolutionary trends in EM and …
Adenoviral-Vectored Epigraph Vaccine Elicits Robust, Durable, And Protective Immunity Against H3 Influenza A Virus In Swine, Erika M. Petro-Turnquist, Matthew J. Pekarek, Nicholas Jeanjaquet, Cedric Wooledge, David J. Steffen, Hiep Vu, Eric A. Weaver
Adenoviral-Vectored Epigraph Vaccine Elicits Robust, Durable, And Protective Immunity Against H3 Influenza A Virus In Swine, Erika M. Petro-Turnquist, Matthew J. Pekarek, Nicholas Jeanjaquet, Cedric Wooledge, David J. Steffen, Hiep Vu, Eric A. Weaver
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Current methods of vaccination against swine Influenza A Virus (IAV-S) in pigs are infrequently updated, induce strain-specific responses, and have a limited duration of protection. Here, we characterize the onset and duration of adaptive immune responses after vaccination with an adenoviral-vectored Epigraph vaccine. In this longitudinal study we observed robust and durable antibody responses that remained above protective titers six months after vaccination. We further identified stable levels of antigen-specific T cell responses that remained detectable in the absence of antigen stimulation. Antibody isotyping revealed robust class switching from IgM to IgG induced by Epigraph vaccination, while the commercial comparator …
An Overview Of Viruses And The Infamous Sars-Cov-2, Jake Sun
An Overview Of Viruses And The Infamous Sars-Cov-2, Jake Sun
The Confluence
Background information on viruses is first presented which include topics like evolution, ecology, history, identification, structure, and application. The novel SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, pandemic originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Millions of people were infected with the virus in a short time period causing urgent concern worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief and general understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 to increase awareness and actions toward preventive measures. COVID-19 is a (+) ssRNA spherical enveloped virion that causes primarily respiratory illnesses. The S protein interacts with ACE-2 receptors on the host cell to gain entry …
Nipah Virus: A Rare Infection On The Rise, Vivian Vang, Shyanne Garrett, Presztyigei Pachan, Myrna Rezcallah
Nipah Virus: A Rare Infection On The Rise, Vivian Vang, Shyanne Garrett, Presztyigei Pachan, Myrna Rezcallah
Research and Scholarship Symposium Posters
Nipah virus has caused recurrent outbreaks in Bangladesh and Western India and the most recent outbreak in Kerala in 2018 was the first recorded in Southern India. Some of these outbreaks involved human-to-human transmission, showing the risk of this virus becoming more widespread. It is however a zoonotic disease so it can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats of the Pteropus genus, or flying foxes, are the main reservoir for NiV. Agricultural practices are also key factors in the disease spreading to humans. For example, in Malaysia, the first reported Nipah outbreak led to 265 human cases and 105 …
Lassa Fever: From A Nigerian Town To A Global Threat, Ranya Almasaoudy, Joshelin G. Lopez, Juliana A. Rounds, Margarita Avlarado
Lassa Fever: From A Nigerian Town To A Global Threat, Ranya Almasaoudy, Joshelin G. Lopez, Juliana A. Rounds, Margarita Avlarado
Research and Scholarship Symposium Posters
Lassa fever is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. This is due to the primary host of Lassa virus being a rodent of the genus Mastomy’s, also referred to as ‘multimammate rat’. Once infected, Mastomy’s rats do not become ill but can shed the virus in their urine and feces. Thus, there has been a call for educational interventions to improve the knowledge of Lassa fever among community members. It is important to point out that health workers have a prominent role to play in realizing this. In conclusion, Lassa Fever hasn't been a main global threat in the …
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Tick-Borne Killer, Deisy Reyes Andrade, Sofia Dodge, Basheer Alam
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Tick-Borne Killer, Deisy Reyes Andrade, Sofia Dodge, Basheer Alam
Research and Scholarship Symposium Posters
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne virus. It was first identified in Crimea in 1944 and was later detected in Congo in 1969. It is endemic where it is mainly located in regions such as Africa, Europe, and Asia. CCHF is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, however direct contact with bodily fluids can also be another route of transmission. Specifically, Hyalomma ticks are the main reservoirs and vectors of CCHF. Symptoms may range from asymptomatic to severe development of hemorrhage, with a fatality rate of up to 40%. Initial symptoms include headaches, high fevers, body …
A Natural Mouse Model For Neisserial Transmission In The Upper Respiratory Tract, Tauqir Zia
A Natural Mouse Model For Neisserial Transmission In The Upper Respiratory Tract, Tauqir Zia
Student Research and Creative Activity Expo
Gonorrhea is considered the second most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by Neisseria
Sensibilities, Transmission, And Deep Metaphors, Nancy Fuchs-Kreimer
Sensibilities, Transmission, And Deep Metaphors, Nancy Fuchs-Kreimer
Journal of Textual Reasoning
No abstract provided.
Application Of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method To Computation Of Rf Signal Degradation During Hypersonic Flight, Andrew Derubertis
Application Of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method To Computation Of Rf Signal Degradation During Hypersonic Flight, Andrew Derubertis
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
In order to further understand the hypersonic blackout problem, the first step is to investigate models to quantify signal degradation and begin implementing these models to representative plasma sheath and flow data. This research is the first attempt at implementing a model to predict RF signal degradation through the plasma sheath surrounding the hypersonic air vehicle. The investigation is performed using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) based flow solver. The dsmcFoam solver in the OpenFoam library is used to simulate the flow around hypersonic bodies to obtain flow field properties, most importantly the electron number density profile, to aid …
Editorial: What Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger: Interactions Between Environmental Stresses And Microbial Virulence, Liang Wang, Ling-Jun Zhan, Michael J. Wise
Editorial: What Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger: Interactions Between Environmental Stresses And Microbial Virulence, Liang Wang, Ling-Jun Zhan, Michael J. Wise
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
The intriguing sit-and-wait hypothesis predicts that “virulence should be positively correlated with durability in the external environment because high durability reduces the dependence of transmission on host mobility” (Walther and Ewald, 2004) (Figure 1). Since the hypothesis was first proposed in the late 20th century (Ewald, 1983), both theoretical and computational studies have been reporting the relationships between environmental durability and microbial virulence (Sundberg et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2017, 2018, 2019a,b, 2020; Rafaluk-Mohr, 2019; Li et al., 2021) [...].
H7n9 Influenza A Virus Transmission In A Multispecies Barnyard Model, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Anna Rodriguez, Rachel M. Maison, Stephanie M. Porter, J. Jeffrey Root
H7n9 Influenza A Virus Transmission In A Multispecies Barnyard Model, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Anna Rodriguez, Rachel M. Maison, Stephanie M. Porter, J. Jeffrey Root
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Influenza A viruses are a diverse group of pathogens that have been responsible for millions of human and avian deaths throughout history. Here, we illustrate the transmission potential of H7N9 influenza A virus between Coturnix quail (Coturnix sp.), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) co-housed in an artificial barnyard setting. In each of four replicates, individuals from a single species were infected with the virus. Quail shed virus orally and were a source of infection for both chickens and ducks. Infected chickens transmitted the virus to quail but not to ducks or …
Social Network Analysis Of White-Tailed Deer Scraping Behavior: Implications For Disease Transmission, Michael E. Egan, Kim M. Pepin, Justin Fischer, Scott R. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau
Social Network Analysis Of White-Tailed Deer Scraping Behavior: Implications For Disease Transmission, Michael E. Egan, Kim M. Pepin, Justin Fischer, Scott R. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Host contact structure affects pathogen transmission in host populations, but many measures of host contact do not distinguish contacts that are relevant to pathogen transmission from those that are not. Scrapes are sites for chemical communication by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the breeding season and potential sites of transmission of prions, the causative agent of chronic wasting disease (CWD). Scrape-related behaviors vary in their probability of transmitting prions to or from the environment, suggesting that behavior be combined with contact structure to better reflect potential heterogeneity in prion transmission at scrapes. We recorded visits and behaviors by …
Mpox (Formally Known As Monkeypox), Molly O'Neill, Tricia Lepage, Vanessa Bester, Henry Yoon, Frederick Browne, Eric C. Nemec
Mpox (Formally Known As Monkeypox), Molly O'Neill, Tricia Lepage, Vanessa Bester, Henry Yoon, Frederick Browne, Eric C. Nemec
Physician Assistant Studies Student Publications
Mpox originates from the Mpox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family.1, 2, 3 Other Orthopoxvirus species include the variola virus (the now eradicated smallpox virus), vaccinia virus (a virus used in the creation of the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus.1, 2, 3 The identified clades consist of the West African clade and the Congo Basin clade, each with varying fatality rates of 1% and 10%, respectively.1, 2, 3, 4 Since the eradication of smallpox in 1980, the Mpox virus has emerged as the most relevant Orthopoxvirus infection in humans.
Genomic Epidemiology And Transmission Dynamics Of Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection In Western Australia, Daniel R. Knight, Korakrit Imwattana, Deirdre A. Collins, Su-Chen Lim, Stacey Hong, Papanin Putsathit, Thomas V. Riley
Genomic Epidemiology And Transmission Dynamics Of Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection In Western Australia, Daniel R. Knight, Korakrit Imwattana, Deirdre A. Collins, Su-Chen Lim, Stacey Hong, Papanin Putsathit, Thomas V. Riley
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Recurrent cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) remain one of the most common and serious challenges faced in the management of CDI. The accurate distinction between a relapse (caused by infection with the same strain) and reinfection (caused by a new strain) has implications for infection control and prevention, and patient therapy. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the epidemiology of 94 C. difficile isolates from 38 patients with rCDI in Western Australia. The C. difficile strain population comprised 13 sequence types (STs) led by ST2 (PCR ribotype (RT) 014, 36.2 %), ST8 (RT002, 19.1 %) and ST34 (RT056, …