Digital Commons Network^™

The Use Of Probiotics To Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In Adults, Michael Roper, Paige Douthett

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of preventing the acquisition of ventilator- associated pneumonia with the use of probiotic supplementation, as compared to a placebo, among hospitalized adult men and women receiving more than 24 hours of mechanical ventilation. Design: Systematic Literature Review. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted through PubMed and Scopus using the search terms “ventilator”, “probiotics”, and “prevention”. Records were excluded from the analysis if they were published before 2015, full text was not available, studies other than randomized control trial or cohort studies, and if the study population was less than 18 years old. Results: Of …

Flowers Or Flora?: Understanding The Effects Of Probiotics On Depression, Nicole Collopy

Senior Theses

The human gut is populated with hundreds of types of bacteria and fungi. In North America, both intestinal and mood disorders are prevalent, presenting health problems that challenge health care professionals and patients alike. A scholarly literature review was conducted to explore this important relationship.

The investigation of the literature revealed that there is an association between gut health disorders and mood disorders, mainly anxiety and depression. This is due to bi-directionality between the brain-gut pathways, meaning that gastrointestinal health may have an effect on mental health and vice versa.

This connection between gut and mood can have substantial implications …

The Physicochemical Properties Of Soy Protein Hydrolysate And Its Formulation And Stability With Encapsulated Probiotic, John Stricklin Edwards

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soy protein isolate (SPI) and probiotics can serve as a functional ingredient and beneficial supplement, respectively, to food formulations, but few studies focus on the compatibility of these two ingredients. The objective of this study was to prepare soy protein isolate (SPI) from defatted soybean flour and identify an optimal hydrolysis protocol to create soy protein hydrolysates (SPH) with improved solubility and functional properties and achieve an optimum encapsulation technique for probiotics and to determine the in vitro viability of encapsulated probiotic cells with SPH in a gastrointestinal environment. The SPI was prepared using an alkaline extraction procedure for solubility …

Role Of Probiotics In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Does Gut Microbiota Matter?, Chencheng Xie, Dina Halegoua-De Marzio

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic consequence of metabolic syndrome, which often also includes obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The connection between gut microbiota (GM) and NAFLD has attracted significant attention in recent years. Data has shown that GM affects hepatic lipid metabolism and influences the balance between pro/anti-inflammatory effectors in the liver. Although studies reveal the association between GM dysbiosis and NAFLD, decoding the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis resulting in NAFLD remains challenging. The potential pathophysiology that links GM dysbiosis to NAFLD can be summarized as: (1) disrupting the balance between energy harvest and expenditure, (2) promoting hepatic …

Deleterious Effects Of Neonicotinoid Pesticides On Drosophila Melanogaster Immune Pathways, John A. Chmiel, Brendan A. Daisley, Jeremy P. Burton, Gregor Reid

Probiotics, Health and Nutrition

Copyright © 2019 Chmiel et al. Neonicotinoid insecticides are common agrochemicals that are used to kill pest insects and improve crop yield. However, sublethal exposure can exert unintentional toxicity to honey bees and other beneficial pollinators by dysregulating innate immunity. Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the dual oxidase (Duox) pathway is a critical component of the innate immune response, which functions to impede infection and maintain homeostatic regulation of the gut microbiota. Despite the importance of this pathway in gut immunity, the consequences of neonicotinoid exposure on Duox signaling have yet to be studied. Here, we use a Drosophila …

Proposed Research Project Regulation Of Human Intestinal Microbes To Treat And Manage Anxiety, Madison Rea

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

This is my proposed research project on the regulation of gut microbiota to help treat anxiety disorders. My proposal talks about using prebiotics and probiotics to regulate anxiety disorders as an alternative to medications that cause horrible side effects.

Investigation Of Microbiota In Health And Disease Of Poultry, Bishnu Adhikari

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The microbiotas play vital roles in health and diseases of both humans and animals. 16S rRNA genes sequence analysis is one of the most popular and commonly used methods in the analysis of microbiotas associated with hosts. In this dissertation, the microbiotas of chickens (broilers, breeders, and layers) and turkeys were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Characterization of the culturable subpopulations of Lactobacillus in the chicken gut can serve as a valuable resource for probiotic development. In Chapter 2, Lactobacillus subpopulations recovered on MRS from chicken gut were defined comprehensively for the first time using 16S rRNA gene profiling, …

Prescribing Probiotics In Tandem With Antibiotics In A Pediatric Setting., Allyson Riggs

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort including antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy. As antibiotic use continues to increase, more patients are affected by AAD. Significant evidence has been found on using probiotics for the treatment and prevention of GI distress and AAD. Provider education is needed in the clinical setting to share evidence and make recommendations on best practice. The goal of this intervention was to increase the rate at which providers prescribe probiotics in tandem with antibiotics, via increased provider education. A retrospective Electronic Health Record (EHR) review was conducted once before and once after …

In Vivo Effectiveness And Safety Of Probiotics On Prophylaxis And Treatment Of Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Lijun Hu, Mimi Zhou, Andrew L. Young, Weiwei Zhao, Zhimin Yan

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

BACKGROUND: To systematically review and assess the in vivo effectiveness and safety of probiotics for prophylaxis and treating oral candidiasis.

METHODS: A literature search for studies published in English until August 1, 2018 was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled clinical trials and experimental mouse animal model studies comparing probiotics (at any dosage and in any form) with control groups (placebo, blank control or other agents) and reporting outcomes of the prophylactic and therapeutic effects were considered for inclusion. A descriptive study and, potentially, a meta-analysis were planned.

RESULTS: Six randomized …

The Coliform Kind: E. Coli And Its “Cousins” The Good, The Bad, And The Deadly, Alan L. Gillen, Matthew Augusta

Alan L. Gillen

Even though some intestinal bacteria strains are pathogenic and even deadly, most coliforms strains still show evidence of being one of God’s “very good” creations. In fact, bacteria serve an intrinsic role in the colon of the human body. These bacteria aid in the early development of the immune system and stimulate up to 80% of immune cells in adults. In addition, digestive enzymes, Vitamins K and B12, are produced byEscherichia coli and other coliforms. E. coli is the best-known bacteria that is classified as coliforms. The term “coliform” name was historically attributed due to the “Bacillus coli …

Development Of A Pediatric Model Of Nafld In Neonatal Iberian Pigs, Gabriella Veronica Hernandez, Victoria Alice Smith, Morgan Coffin, Daniel Columbus, Matthew Burd, Kimberly Sprayberry, Mark Edwards, Daniel Peterson, Darin Bennett, Robert Fanter, Christopher Kitts, Michael La Frano, Margaret Rice, Douglas Burrin, Magdalena Maj, Rodrigo Manjarin

Master's Theses

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has increased over the past decades, creating a need for animal models that recapitulate the features of the pediatric disease. Iberian pigs have a leptin-resistant phenotype characterized by hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, and extreme adipogenesis. We hypothesized that neonatal Iberian pigs fed a high fat high-fructose (HFF) diet will develop a pattern of liver injury resembling pediatric NAFLD. In addition, we sought to determine if a mixture of probiotics would prevent the disease. Animals were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 0 g fructose, 11 g fat …

Immobilization Of Cadmium And Lead By Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gr-1 Mitigates Apical-To-Basolateral Heavy Metal Translocation In A Caco-2 Model Of The Intestinal Epithelium, Brendan A. Daisley, Marc Monachese, Mark Trinder, Jordan E. Bisanz, John A. Chmiel, Jeremy P. Burton, Gregor Reid

Probiotics, Health and Nutrition

© 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. Heavy metals are highly toxic elements that contaminate the global food supply and affect human and wildlife health. Purification technologies are often too expensive or not practically applicable for large-scale implementation, especially in impoverished nations where heavy metal contamination is widespread. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) was shown in previous work to reduce heavy metal bioaccumulation in a Tanzanian cohort of women and children through indeterminant mechanisms. Here, it was hypothesized that LGR-1 could sequester the heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), thereby reducing their absorption across intestinal epithelium. …

The Effect Of Feed Additives On Male Broiler Performance, Andrew Taylor Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Over the past decade the poultry industry has made tremendous improvements in production and efficiency that can be attributed to areas of nutrition. Feed additives are one area of nutrition that the poultry industry utilizes to improve performance and efficiency. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of two nutrient densities diets and three enzyme inclusion strategies on 59 d Ross x Ross 708 male broiler performance under a natural disease challenge. These data suggest that when supplementing EIS2 broiler performance and processing characteristics are improved. Additionally, HD also improved broiler performance. The objective of the second experiment was to examine the …

The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota And Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis In Patients With Liver Cirrhosis - A Literature Review, Roxana-Emanuela Popoiag, Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian, Adrian P. Suceveanu, Andra I. Suceveanu, Laura Mazilu, Irinel R. Parepa, Laura M. Serban, Mihai Paunica, Catalina Motofei, Carmen Fierbinteanu Braticevici

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Gut microbiota is an essential component in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and its complications. There is a direct relationship between the gut and the liver called the gutliver axis through which bacteria can reach the liver through the portal venous blood. However, it remains unclear how bacteria leave the intestine and reach the fluid collection in the abdomen. A series of mechanisms have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and other complications of liver cirrhosis, including bacterial translocation, bacterial overgrowth, altered intestinal permeability and dysfunctional immunity. The hepatic function may also be …

Probiotic Use And Their Effect On Ibs Symptoms: A Review Of Literature, Emma A. Nice, Brianna M. Noller, Janae E. Coin

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Aim: Probiotics are an attractive therapy for patients dealing with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in light of decreased financial costs, fewer medications, and a more natural approach. In this review of literature our purpose was to answer the following PICO question: “In adults with IBS, how does supplemental probiotic use compared to no probiotic use affect IBS symptoms?” Methods: In our review of the literature, the databases searched were CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Onesearch from the years 2008-2018; from which we found ten articles published within the last six years. Results: Seventy percent of the articles reviewed …

Probiotic Administration As An Adjuvant Therapeutic Treatment For Anxiety, Depression, And Cognitive Impairment Among Hypothyroid Patients, Erin R. Gorman

Selected Honors Theses

Hypothyroidism is a form of thyroid dysfunction that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make and secrete enough thyroid hormones to regulate certain processes in the body. Because thyroid hormones take part in many bodily functions, hypothyroidism can cause a large range of symptoms. Current research indicates that some strains of probiotics have beneficial effects on certain neurological and inflammatory diseases, leading to the impression that they can be used therapeutically for effective treatment of different mental health issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, and impaired memory. Because hypothyroidism often leads to such mental symptoms, it may be possible …

Effects Of Some Probiotics During Its Use As A Growth Promoter In Calves, Magdy Amer, Mohamed Elsayed, Dina Elallamy

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

This study was performed on to evaluate the effect of some probiotic strains (Pediococcus acidophilus and Pedicoccus pentosaceus) on performance, blood picture and some biochemical parameters in serum of treated calves (10 weaned calves 90-115 kg). Calves were classified into 2 equal groups (each of 5 calves). The 1st group was served as the control group while the second group was given Maxboost® (20gm/head/day) in drinking water (after fermentation for 2-3 hours) for five months. Calves were weighed monthly to calculate the body weight gain till the end of the experiment whole blood weight and serum were collected from both …

Pretreatment With A Heat-Killed Probiotic Modulates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome And Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer In Mice., I-Che Chung, Chun-Nan Ouyang, Sheng-Ning Yuan, Hsin-Chung Lin, Kuo-Yang Huang, Pao-Shu Wu, Chia-Yuan Liu, Kuen-Jou Tsai, Lai-Keng Loi, Yu-Jen Chen, An-Ko Chung, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang, Lih-Chyang Chen

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Inflammation contributes to cancer development and inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study is to assess whether a widely used probiotic Enterococcus faecalis can modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and protect against colitis and colitis-associated CRC. We studied the effect of heat-killed cells of E. faecalis on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pretreatment of E. faecalis or NLRP3 siRNA can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in response to fecal content or commensal microbes, P. mirabilis or E. coli, according …

Gut Microbiome, Probiotics And Bone: An Updated Mini Review, Myriam Abboud, Dimitrios Papandreou

All Works

© 2019 Myriam Abboud, Dimitrios Papandreou. The gut microbiome is now considered as a large organ that has a direct effect on gastrointestinal tract, immune and endocrine system. There is no evidence that gut microbiota regulates the immune system and is responsible for bone formation and destruction. Probiotics have been shown through the gastrointestinal tract to have a positive effect on the management of the healthy bone. This article discusses the latest data available from PubMed and Scopus databases regarding gut microbiome, probiotics and bone briefly.

Characterization Of Immunomodulatory Microbial Factors In Medicinal Plants, Kriti Kalpana

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Medicinal plants are one of the biggest sources of natural products with therapeutic importance. There are currently over 28,000 plants with putative medicinal values. Plant-derived compounds have been explored extensively for various biological activities ranging from anti-cancer, immune-boosting to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. Some of the most important therapeutic agents are of plant-origin, such as paclitaxel from Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) and artemisinin from qinghao su (a Chinese medicinal herb; a.k.a. Artemisia annua) to name a few.

The study presented in this thesis started out as classical pharmacognosy research, which focused on the identification of immunostimulatory factors in …

Protection From Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection By Probiotic Exopolysaccharide, Wonbeom Paik

Dissertations

Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause severe systemic infection with high mortality rates. Antibiotics are the only approved therapy for patients, but the widespread prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains limits treatment efficacy, and many patients succumb to the disease. Many probiotic agents are commercially available, but the mechanisms by which they benefit are not known. Understanding these mechanisms will help develop novel therapeutics that can improve healthcare, including systemic infections by S. aureus. Bacillus subtilis is a probiotic bacterium that produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) that induces anti inflammatory macrophages (MΦ). We tested if EPS could be used for systemic S. …

From Benchside To Community Research: Development Of Affordable And Accessible Probiotic Foods In East Africa, Toby Le, Kathy Yu, Megha Shetty, Iman Ahmed, Yaoshen Fang, Naressa Karmali, Wenjing Liu, Arnold N. Onyango, Maimuna Kanyamala, Judith Okoth, Sharareh Hekmat

Business and Social Enterprise

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. In 2004, Western Heads East brought Fiti to East Africa and trained women how to produce Fiti probiotic yogurt. Fiti is composed of a probiotic culture, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and a starter strain, Streptococcus thermophilus C1062. This initiative has since empowered low-income groups to gain financial independence, particularly women. There are currently ~250 kitchens feeding over 250,000 consumers daily in East Africa.

A challenge with accessing Fiti yoghurt is the fluctuating cost of milk and inconsistent supply of high quality milk. A potential solution is the consumption …

Youth Opportunities Unlimited Fiti Plan 2019, Bob Gough, Toby Le

Business and Social Enterprise

Intent of the Collaboration To establish and operate a Fiti probiotic yogurt social enterprise in London Ontario. Many studies, including by Western’s Geography Professor Gilliland, have shown that schools and homes in the poorest part of London, are surrounded by 40 or more fast food outlets. The data correlates with malnutrition, obesity, and diabetes. By bringing highly nutritious food with added health benefits at an affordable price, it will encourage families to include Fiti as a substitute for those ‘harmful foods. One of the key aims of the program is to provide probiotic foods to vulnerable populations through youth engagement …

Prebiotics, Probiotics, And Bacterial Infections, Christina C. Tam, Kirkwood M. Land, Luisa W. Cheng

College of the Pacific Faculty Books and Book Chapters

Bacterial pathogens have developed exquisite virulence mechanisms to survive in the host cells. These virulence mechanisms help them bind and internalize into host cells, replicate, and evade the host immune response. The mammalian host itself has developed its own repertoire of weapons to prevent this from happening. One important component of host response in preventing infections in the gut lumen is the diverse commensal microbiota present. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases. A potential therapeutic pathway to solve these diseases would be by providing probiotics and/or prebiotics to help stimulate growth …

Coaggregation Patterns And Surface Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg Under Varying Nutrient Conditions, Amanda Rielinger

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the best studied probiotic organisms. The ability of probiotics to adhere to other microorganisms and the intestinal epithelium is thought to play a major role in their protective functions. Coaggregation is an important mechanism for biofilm formation by microorganisms. The goals of this study were to examine the ways in which nutrient variation affects intercellular interactions between LGG and other gut microbes and the hydrophobic character of LGG. We hypothesized that nutritional variation may affect the ability of LGG to coaggregate and form biofilms and thus affect its probiotic characteristics and ability to …

Are Probiotics Effective In Reducing Symptoms Of Atopic Dermatitis?, Samuel H. Kim

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not probiotics are effective in reducing symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

STUDY DESIGN: Selective EBM review of three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials published after 2009, all English language.

DATA SOURCES: All three studies were published in peer-reviewed journals found on PubMed and selected based on relevance to the proposed clinical question.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The main outcome measured was the percentage change in SCORAD index to determine severity of atopic dermatitis before and after trial through objective and subjective findings. Additional outcomes included DLQ index which was evaluated via …

Evidence-Based Probiotic Intervention For Behavioral And Social Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Allisen To

Scripps Senior Theses

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a heterogeneous neurological condition characterized by repetitive and restrictive behaviors and social communication deficits. ASD diagnoses are at a record high, at approximately 1 in 59 children according to the US Center for Disease Control. Currently, there are no available interventions that effectively treat the core symptoms of ASD. All pharmaceutical options address comorbid side effects of ASD but not core deficits and are particularly associated with negative side effects. Additionally, there are economic and geographic barriers that can prevent families of individuals with ASD from seeking or receiving effective interventions. Many of the …

Functional Characteristics Of Lactobacilli From Traditional Bulgarian Fermented Milk Products, Veronica Nemska, Petya Logar, Tanya Rasheva, Zdravka Sholeva, Nelly Georgieva, Svetla Danova

Turkish Journal of Biology

After oral administration, probiotic lactobacilli meet a number of protection systems in the human body, such as exposure to gastric, pancreatic, and small intestinal juices. Overcoming these detrimental barriers allows living bacteria to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), providing health benefits to the host. Based on this, the transit tolerance of 25 candidate probiotic lactobacilli from katak, yoghurt, and white-brined and yellow cheese to simulated bile and small intestinal juices of variable pH was investigated. To establish their resistance, in vitro model systems based on modified MRS media and a longer duration of …

Probiotics: Reiterating What They Are And What They Are Not, Azza A. Gadir, Raja Dhir, Gregor Reid

Microbiology & Immunology Publications

It has been over seventeen years since the scientific definition of probiotics was crafted, along with guidelines ensuring the appropriate use of the term. This definition is now used globally, yet on a consistent basis scientists, media and industry misrepresent probiotics or make generalized statements that illustrate a misunderstanding of their utility and limitations. The rate of discovery of novel organisms with potentially therapeutic benefit for both human and environmental health is progressing at an unprecedented rate. However, the term “probiotic” is often misapplied to describe any microbe with plausible therapeutic utility in the human host. It is argued that …

Flowers Or Flora?: Understanding The Effects Of Probiotics On Depression, Nicole Collopy

Student Research Posters

Chances are, we all know someone who has had their life affected by depression and anxiety; and we have all experienced these feelings on some level. What if the key to unlocking these problems lied within every one of us -- inside of our gut? The research topic being explored is the relationship between gut health and mood disorders. The question of interest is: Does the use of probiotic supplementation have an effect on feelings of depression?

Connection between gut health and mental health is significant as approximately 6.7% of adults in the U.S. suffer from major depressive disorder. There …