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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
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A Combined-Method Approach To Trace Submarine Groundwater Discharge From A Coastal Karst Aquifer In Ireland, Philip Schuler, L. Stoeckl, P. A. Schnegg
A Combined-Method Approach To Trace Submarine Groundwater Discharge From A Coastal Karst Aquifer In Ireland, Philip Schuler, L. Stoeckl, P. A. Schnegg
KIP Articles
Knowledge about the hydraulic connections between submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and its terrestrial coastal catchment is relevant with regard to the management of marine and coastal waters in karst areas. This study applies different methods and monitoring approaches to trace SGD between the Burren Limestone Plateau and Galway Bay in western Ireland, via an excavated sinkhole shaft and deep conduit. Areas of potential SGD were first delineated based on sea surface temperature anomalies using Landsat satellite images. Two fluorescent dyes and solid wood chips were then used as tracers. Solid wood chips were tested as potential means to circumvent the …
Uis Commission On Volcanic Caves Newsletter, No. 75, December 2019, Ed Waters
Uis Commission On Volcanic Caves Newsletter, No. 75, December 2019, Ed Waters
KIP Articles
Contents: Editorial - Message from the Chairman - 19th International Symposium on Volcanic Caves, Catania, August/September 2020 - European Space Agency Appeal for Innovative Ideas for Exploring Lunar Caves - STOP PRESS! 19th International Symposium on Volcanic Caves Registration Now Open
No Change Detected In Culturable Fungal Assemblages On Cave Walls In Eastern Canada With The Introduction Of Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, Karen J. Vanderwolf, David Malloch, Donald F. Mcalpine
No Change Detected In Culturable Fungal Assemblages On Cave Walls In Eastern Canada With The Introduction Of Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, Karen J. Vanderwolf, David Malloch, Donald F. Mcalpine
KIP Articles
Studies of fungi in caves have become increasingly important with the advent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the invasive fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that has killed an estimated 6.5 million North American bats. We swabbed cave walls in New Brunswick, Canada, in 2012 and 2015 to determine whether the culturable fungal assemblage on cave walls changed after the introduction of Pd and subsequent decrease in hibernating bat populations. We also compared fungal assemblages on cave walls to previous studies on the fungal assemblages of arthropods and hibernating bats in the same sites. The fungal diversity of bats …
A Relictual Troglomorphic Harvestman Discovered In A Volcanic Cave Of Western Argentina: Otilioleptes Marcelae, New Genus, New Species, And Otilioleptidae, New Family (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptoidea), Luis E. Acosta
KIP Articles
The troglomorphic harvestman Otilioleptes marcelae gen. nov., sp. nov. from the basaltic cave Doña Otilia, Payunia region, Mendoza Province, Argentina, is described. Its systematic affinities were studied through cladistic and Bayesian analyses that included representatives of Gonyleptoidea; it was determined to represent a new monotypic family, Otilioleptidae fam. nov., occupying a basal position within the clade Laminata. This species shows accentuated troglomorphic traits, typical for troglobitic harvestmen: elongated appendages, depigmentation, reduction of eyes and fading of scutal sulci. Additionally, it almost lacks sexual dimorphism, the distal portion of coxa IV is not completely fused to the stigmatic segment, and penis …
Microliths In The South Asian Rainforest ~45-4 Ka: New Insights From Fa-Hien Lena Cave, Sri Lanka, Oshan Wedage, Andrea Picin, James Blinkhorn
Microliths In The South Asian Rainforest ~45-4 Ka: New Insights From Fa-Hien Lena Cave, Sri Lanka, Oshan Wedage, Andrea Picin, James Blinkhorn
KIP Articles
Microliths–small, retouched, often-backed stone tools–are often interpreted to be the product of composite tools, including projectile weapons, and efficient hunting strategies by modern humans. In Europe and Africa these lithic toolkits are linked to hunting of medium- and large-sized game found in grassland or woodland settings, or as adaptations to risky environments during periods of climatic change. Here, we report on a recently excavated lithic assemblage from the Late Pleistocene cave site of Fa-Hien Lena in the tropical evergreen rainforest of Sri Lanka. Our analyses demonstrate that Fa-Hien Lena represents the earliest microlith assemblage in South Asia (c. 48,000–45,000 cal. …
Hominin And Animal Activities In The Microstratigraphic Record From Denisova Cave (Altai Mountains, Russia), Mike W. Morley, Paul Goldberg, Vladimir A. Uliyanov
Hominin And Animal Activities In The Microstratigraphic Record From Denisova Cave (Altai Mountains, Russia), Mike W. Morley, Paul Goldberg, Vladimir A. Uliyanov
KIP Articles
Denisova Cave in southern Siberia uniquely contains evidence of occupation by a recently discovered group of archaic hominins, the Denisovans, starting from the middle of the Middle Pleistocene. Artefacts, ancient DNA and a range of animal and plant remains have been recovered from the sedimentary deposits, along with a few fragmentary fossils of Denisovans, Neanderthals and a first-generation Neanderthal–Denisovan offspring. The deposits also contain microscopic traces of hominin and animal activities that can provide insights into the use of the cave over the last 300,000 years. Here we report the results of a micromorphological study of intact sediment blocks collected …
Resistance Is Futile: Rna-Sequencing Reveals Differing Responses To Bat Fungal Pathogen In Nearctic Myotis Lucifugus And Palearctic Myotis Myotis, Thomas M. Lilley, Jenni M. Prokkola, Anna S. Blomberg
Resistance Is Futile: Rna-Sequencing Reveals Differing Responses To Bat Fungal Pathogen In Nearctic Myotis Lucifugus And Palearctic Myotis Myotis, Thomas M. Lilley, Jenni M. Prokkola, Anna S. Blomberg
KIP Articles
Resistance and tolerance allow organisms to cope with potentially life-threatening pathogens. Recently introduced pathogens initially induce resistance responses, but natural selection favors the development of tolerance, allowing for a commensal relationship to evolve. Mycosis by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, causing white-nose syndrome (WNS) in Nearctic hibernating bats, has resulted in population declines since 2006. The pathogen, which spread from Europe, has infected species of Palearctic Myotis for a longer period. We compared ecologically relevant responses to the fungal infection in the susceptible Nearctic M. lucifugus and less susceptible Palearctic M. myotis, to uncover factors contributing to survival differences in the two species. …
Cave Temperature And Management Implications In Lehman Caves, Great Basin National Park, Usa, Stanka Šebela, Gretchen Baker, Barbara Luke
Cave Temperature And Management Implications In Lehman Caves, Great Basin National Park, Usa, Stanka Šebela, Gretchen Baker, Barbara Luke
KIP Articles
Cave air temperature was measured at six locations in Lehman Caves (USA) for one year at hourly intervals. Lehman is a show cave in a national park, treasured for its geological and biological resources. The two monitoring locations that are off of the tour route and, also, relatively distant from the cave’s entrances displayed nearly constant air temperature during the year. The other four sites, along the tour route, show daily temperature variation as well as annual fluctuation. After visitation levels decreased in the autumn, cave temperatures lagged but eventually reached an equilibrium which demonstrates recovery in the quiet winter. …
Phouhin Namno 2019, Clément Marguet, Thomas Marguet, Gaël Brewal Diraison
Phouhin Namno 2019, Clément Marguet, Thomas Marguet, Gaël Brewal Diraison
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
Availability Of An Environmental Assessment For Field Testing Of A Pseudogymnoascus Destructans Vaccine, Live Raccoon Poxvirus Vector (Rcn–Cal/Sp), Department Of Agriculture. Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service
Availability Of An Environmental Assessment For Field Testing Of A Pseudogymnoascus Destructans Vaccine, Live Raccoon Poxvirus Vector (Rcn–Cal/Sp), Department Of Agriculture. Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
Cave Research Foundation Quarterly, Volume 47, No. 3, August 2019, Laura Lexander
Cave Research Foundation Quarterly, Volume 47, No. 3, August 2019, Laura Lexander
KIP Articles
Contents: Twenty Years of Owning Diamond Caverns -- Exploration in the World's Longest Cave -- Lava Beds National Monument, Siskiyou County, California South Castle Flow Expedition, March 24 - April 1, 2019 -- Lava Beds National Monument, April 22-29, 2019 -- Craters of the Moon National Monument, Blaine County, Idaho -- Ozark Operations Activities, March-June 2019 -- 2019 Expedition Calendar
Protecting Stone Heritage In The Painted Desert: Employing The Rock Art Stability Index In The Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, Kaelin M. Groom, Niccole Villa Cerveny, Casey D. Allen
Protecting Stone Heritage In The Painted Desert: Employing The Rock Art Stability Index In The Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, Kaelin M. Groom, Niccole Villa Cerveny, Casey D. Allen
KIP Articles
Located in northeastern Arizona (USA), Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO) presents a unique story of both geologic and human history. Though perhaps most well-known for its abundant petrified wood and being part of the Painted Desert, visitors are often surprised when they discover PEFO hosts many ancient petroglyph sites. Over the years, many attempts have been made to record the petroglyph sites, but nothing has been done to assess their geomorphic stability. To address this shortcoming, we employed the Rock Art Stability Index (RASI) to assess geologic stability and (potential) deterioration of rock art sites in PEFO. Used for more …
Linking Late Paleoindian Stone Tool Technologies And Populations In North, Central And South America, Keith M. Prufer, Asia V. Alsgaard, Mark Robinson
Linking Late Paleoindian Stone Tool Technologies And Populations In North, Central And South America, Keith M. Prufer, Asia V. Alsgaard, Mark Robinson
KIP Articles
From the perspective of Central and South America, the peopling of the New World was a complex process lasting thousands of years and involving multiple waves of Pleistocene and early Holocene period immigrants entering into the neotropics. These Paleoindian colonists initially brought with them technologies developed for adaptation to environments and resources found in North America. As the ice age ended across the New World people adapted more generalized stone tools to exploit changing environments and resources. In the neotropics these changes would have been pronounced as patchy forests and grasslands gave way to broadleaf tropical forests. We document a …
Rare Dental Trait Provides Morphological Evidence Of Archaic Introgression In Asian Fossil Record, Shara E. Bailey, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Susan C. Anton
Rare Dental Trait Provides Morphological Evidence Of Archaic Introgression In Asian Fossil Record, Shara E. Bailey, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Susan C. Anton
KIP Articles
The recently described Denisovan hemimandible from Xiahe, China [F. Chen et al., (2019) Nature 569, 409–412], possesses an unusual dental feature: a 3-rooted lower second molar. A survey of the clinical and bioarchaeological literature demonstrates that the 3-rooted lower molar is rare (less than 3.5% occurrence) in non-Asian Homo sapiens. In contrast, its presence in Asian-derived populations can exceed 40% in China and the New World. It has long been thought that the prevalence of 3-rooted lower molars in Asia is a relatively late acquisition occurring well after the origin and dispersal of H. sapiens. However, the presence of a …
Multiscale Model Of Regional Population Decline In Little Brown Bats Due To White‐Nose Syndrome, Andrew M. Kramer, Claire S. Teitelbaum, Ashton Griffin
Multiscale Model Of Regional Population Decline In Little Brown Bats Due To White‐Nose Syndrome, Andrew M. Kramer, Claire S. Teitelbaum, Ashton Griffin
KIP Articles
The introduced fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans is causing decline of several species of bats in North America, with some even at risk of extinction or extirpation. The severity of the epidemic of white‐nose syndrome caused by P. destructans has prompted investigation of the transmission and virulence of infection at multiple scales, but linking these scales is necessary to quantify the mechanisms of transmission and assess population‐scale declines. We built a model connecting within‐hibernaculum disease dynamics of little brown bats to regional‐scale dispersal, reproduction, and disease spread, including multiple plausible mechanisms of transmission. We parameterized the model using the approach of …
State Of The Art Forensic Techniques Reveal Evidence Of Interpersonal Violence Ca. 30,000 Years Ago, Elena F. Kranioti, Dan Grigorescu, Katerina Harvati
State Of The Art Forensic Techniques Reveal Evidence Of Interpersonal Violence Ca. 30,000 Years Ago, Elena F. Kranioti, Dan Grigorescu, Katerina Harvati
KIP Articles
The Cioclovina (Romania) calvaria, dated to ca. 33 cal ka BP and thought to be associated with the Aurignacian lithic industry, is one of the few relatively well preserved representatives of the earliest modern Europeans. Two large fractures on this specimen have been described as taphonomic modifications. Here we used gross and virtual forensic criteria and experimental simulations on synthetic bone models, to investigate their nature. Both forensic trauma pattern analysis and experimental models exclude a postmortem origin for the Cioclovina fractures. Rather, they indicate two incidents of blunt force trauma, the second clearly inflicted with a club-like object. The …
Cave Millipede Diversity With The Description Of Six New Species From Guangxi, China, Weixin Liu, J. Judson Wynne
Cave Millipede Diversity With The Description Of Six New Species From Guangxi, China, Weixin Liu, J. Judson Wynne
KIP Articles
We synthesized the current knowledge of cave-dwelling millipede diversity from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), South China Karst, China and described six new millipede species from four caves from the Guilin area, northeastern Guangxi. Fifty-two cave-dwelling millipedes are known for the region consisting of 38 troglobionts and 14 troglophiles. Of the troglobionts, 24 are presently considered single-cave endemics. New species described here include Hyleoglomeris rukouqu sp. nov. and Hyleoglomeris xuxiakei sp. nov. (Family Glomeridae), Hylomus yuani sp. nov. (Family Paradoxosomatidae), Eutrichodesmus jianjia sp. nov. (Family Haplodesmidae), Trichopeltis liangfengdong sp. nov. (Family Cryptodesmidae), and Glyphiulus maocun sp. nov. (Family Cambalopsidae). Our …
Carbon Dioxide Monitoring : Preliminary Results Report 2019, Sonia Meyer
Carbon Dioxide Monitoring : Preliminary Results Report 2019, Sonia Meyer
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
Field Trial Of A Probiotic Bacteria To Protect Bats From White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph R. Hoyt, Kate E. Langwing, Paul White
Field Trial Of A Probiotic Bacteria To Protect Bats From White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph R. Hoyt, Kate E. Langwing, Paul White
KIP Articles
Tools for reducing wildlife disease impacts are needed to conserve biodiversity. White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has caused widespread declines in North American bat populations and threatens several species with extinction. Few tools exist for managers to reduce WNS impacts. We tested the efficacy of a probiotic bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, to reduce impacts of WNS in two simultaneous experiments with caged and free-flying Myotis lucifugus bats at a mine in Wisconsin, USA. In the cage experiment there was no difference in survival between control and P. fluorescens-treated bats. However, body mass, not infection intensity, predicted mortality, …
Subaqueous Speleothems (Hells Bells) Formed By The Interplay Of Pelagic Redoxcline Biogeochemistry And Specific Hydraulic Conditions In The El Zapote Sinkhole, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, Simon Michael Ritter, Margot Isenbeck-Schröter, Christian Scholz
Subaqueous Speleothems (Hells Bells) Formed By The Interplay Of Pelagic Redoxcline Biogeochemistry And Specific Hydraulic Conditions In The El Zapote Sinkhole, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, Simon Michael Ritter, Margot Isenbeck-Schröter, Christian Scholz
KIP Articles
Unique bell-shaped underwater speleothems were recently reported from the deep (∼ 55 m) meromictic El Zapote sinkhole (cenote) on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. The local diving community has termed these speleothems as Hells Bells because of their shape and appearance in a dark environment in ∼ 28–38 m water depth above a sulfidic halocline. It was also suggested that Hells Bells form under water, yet the mystery of their formation remained unresolved. Therefore, we conducted detailed hydrogeochemical and geochemical analyses of the water column and Hells Bells speleothems including stable carbon isotopes. Based on the comprehensive results presented in this …
Cave Research Foundation Quarterly, Volume 47, No. 2, May 2019, Laura Lexander
Cave Research Foundation Quarterly, Volume 47, No. 2, May 2019, Laura Lexander
KIP Articles
Contents: President's Corner -- Evidence for Extreme Floods in New Discovery and Related Passages in Mammoth Cave -- Echo Spring Trip Report -- Lower Cave, February 2019, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico -- Ozark Operations Activities, December 2018 - March 2019 -- Oklahoma Ozarks -- Mammoth Cave: Labor Day Expedition, August 31 - September 3, 2018 -- Mammoth Cave: February Expedition, February 15-18, 2019 -- Just Published by Cave Books: Letters from Mammoth Cave -- 2019 Expedition Calendar
Uis Commission On Volcanic Caves Newsletter, No. 74, May 2019, Ed Waters
Uis Commission On Volcanic Caves Newsletter, No. 74, May 2019, Ed Waters
KIP Articles
Contents: Editorial - Message from the Chairman - The Volcanic Cave Inventory Project of Lanzarote - Cueva Agua del Leon, Argentina - Prehistoric Archaeology, Vietnam - Lava caves in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, China - Installation of pahoehoe by lava tubes and tunnels
The Effect Of Volatile Organic Compounds On Pseudogymnoascus Destructans The Causative Agent Of White Nose Syndrome In Bats, Victoria Lois Korn
The Effect Of Volatile Organic Compounds On Pseudogymnoascus Destructans The Causative Agent Of White Nose Syndrome In Bats, Victoria Lois Korn
KIP Articles
The causative agent of White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) in bats is the psychrophilic fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since its discovery in the winter of 2006-2007 there has been a flurry of research to better understand this pathogenic fungus as well as find a treatment to save the bats. There is promise in finding a potential treatment through the use of safe Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). There was potential for the use of 1- octen-3-ol, mushroom alcohol as a treatment for WNS. The first chapter shows the effectiveness of the R and S enantiomers and the racemic form of 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom alcohol) as …
Beneath The Forest, Volume 12, No. 1, Spring 2019, Dan Seifert
Beneath The Forest, Volume 12, No. 1, Spring 2019, Dan Seifert
KIP Articles
Contents: Best Practices in Show Caves Management -- White-Nose Syndrome Screening and Visitor Management at Lava River Cave -- Cave Conservation Education Comes to Montana and Colorado -- eCave: An Online Citizen Science Approach to Cave Monitoring -- Montana Caving Groups Receive Awards -- Jewel Cave: After Mile 200 -- Tips for Growing a Cave and Karst Program on your Forest
Bat Coronaviruses In China, Yi Fan, Kai Zhao, Zheng-Li Shi
Bat Coronaviruses In China, Yi Fan, Kai Zhao, Zheng-Li Shi
KIP Articles
During the past two decades, three zoonotic coronaviruses have been identified as the cause of large-scale disease outbreaks–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome (SADS). SARS and MERS emerged in 2003 and 2012, respectively, and caused a worldwide pandemic that claimed thousands of human lives, while SADS struck the swine industry in 2017. They have common characteristics, such as they are all highly pathogenic to humans or livestock, their agents originated from bats, and two of them originated in China. Thus, it is highly likely that future SARS- or MERS-like coronavirus outbreaks …
Mosaic Dental Morphology In A Terminal Pleistocene Hominin From Dushan Cave In Southern China, Wei Liao, Song Xing, Dawei Li
Mosaic Dental Morphology In A Terminal Pleistocene Hominin From Dushan Cave In Southern China, Wei Liao, Song Xing, Dawei Li
KIP Articles
Recent studies reveal high degrees of morphological diversity in Late Pleistocene humans from East Asia. This variability was interpreted as complex demographic patterns with several migrations and possible survival of archaic groups. However, lack of well-described, reliably classified and accurately dated sites has seriously limited understanding of human evolution in terminal Pleistocene. Here we report a 15,000 years-old H. sapiens (Dushan 1) in South China with unusual mosaic features, such as large dental dimensions, cingulum-like structures at the dentine level in the posterior dentition and expression of a “crown buccal vertical groove complex”, all of which are uncommon in modern …
Cave Research Foundation Quarterly, Volume 47, No. 1, February 2019, Laura Lexander
Cave Research Foundation Quarterly, Volume 47, No. 1, February 2019, Laura Lexander
KIP Articles
Contents: President's Corner -- Caves and Named Karst Features in Cave Research Foundation's Hamilton Valley, Kentucky -- Obituary for Robert Ray Parrish -- Elmer's Trench and Downflow Post Office Cave, Lava Beds National Monument, Tulelake, California, October 13-19, 2018 -- Ozark Operations Activities, September-December 2018 -- Mammoth Cave: Independence Day Expedition, June 29 - July 8, 2018 -- Mammoth Cave: CRF Annual Meeting and November Expedition, November 8-11, 2018 -- Mammoth Cave: Thanksgiving Expedition, November 21-25, 2018 -- Mammoth Cave: New Year's Expedition, December 28, 2018 - January 1, 2019 -- 2019 Expedition Calendar
Habitability Of Lava Tubes On The Moon And Mars: Lessons From Earth, Pascal Lee
Habitability Of Lava Tubes On The Moon And Mars: Lessons From Earth, Pascal Lee
KIP Articles
Background. Lava tubes are caves that form when the surface of a lava flow cools and solidifies, while molten rock underneath continues to flow and eventually drains away: a tube-shaped underground cave is then created. Lava tubes are known to exist on the Moon and Mars where they may form in either volcanic or large impact crater settings. Motivation. Lava tubes on the Moon and Mars are of interest for space settlement because caves have been proposed as natural shelters that future human explorers could occupy. Caves would in principle protect dwellers from surface radiation, wide temperature swings, micrometeorite impacts, …
Vampire Venom: Vasodilatory Mechanisms Of Vampire Bat (Desmodus Rotundus) Blood Feeding, Rahini Kakumanu, Wayne C. Hodgson, Ravi Ravina
Vampire Venom: Vasodilatory Mechanisms Of Vampire Bat (Desmodus Rotundus) Blood Feeding, Rahini Kakumanu, Wayne C. Hodgson, Ravi Ravina
KIP Articles
Animals that specialise in blood feeding have particular challenges in obtaining their meal, whereby they impair blood hemostasis by promoting anticoagulation and vasodilation in order to facilitate feeding. These convergent selection pressures have been studied in a number of lineages, ranging from fleas to leeches. However, the vampire bat (Desmondus rotundus) is unstudied in regards to potential vasodilatory mechanisms of their feeding secretions (which are a type of venom). This is despite the intense investigations of their anticoagulant properties which have demonstrated that D. rotundus venom contains strong anticoagulant and proteolytic activities which delay the formation of blood clots and …
Hunter-Gatherers Harvested And Heated Microbial Biogenic Iron Oxides To Produce Rock Art Pigment, Brandi Lee Macdonald, David Stalla, Xiaoqing He
Hunter-Gatherers Harvested And Heated Microbial Biogenic Iron Oxides To Produce Rock Art Pigment, Brandi Lee Macdonald, David Stalla, Xiaoqing He
KIP Articles
Red mineral pigment use is recognized as a fundamental component of a series of traits associated with human evolutionary development, social interaction, and behavioral complexity. Iron-enriched mineral deposits have been collected and prepared as pigment for use in rock art, personal adornment, and mortuary practices for millennia, yet little is known about early developments in mineral processing techniques in North America. Microanalysis of rock art pigments from the North American Pacific Northwest reveals a sophisticated use of iron oxide produced by the biomineralizing bacterium Leptothrix ochracea; a keystone species of chemolithotroph recognized in recent advances in the development of thermostable, …