Digital Commons Network^™

Enrichment And Training Improve Cognition In Rats With Cortical Malformations, Kyle R. Jenks, Marcella M. Lucas, Ben A. Duffy, Ashlee A. Robbins, Barjor Gimi, Jeremy M. Barry, Rod C. Scott

Dartmouth Scholarship

Children with malformations of cortical development (MCD) frequently have associated cognitive impairments which reduce quality of life. We hypothesized that cognitive deficits associated with MCD can be improved with environmental manipulation or additional training. The E17 methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) exposure model bears many anatomical hallmarks seen in human MCDs as well as similar behavioral and cognitive deficits. We divided control and MAM exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into enriched and non-enriched groups and tested performance in the Morris water maze. Another group similarly divided underwent sociability testing and also underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans pre and post enrichment. A third group …

Self-Reported Juvenile Firesetting: Results From Two National Survey Datasets, Carrie Howell Bowling, Joav Merrick, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The main purpose of this study was to address gaps in existing research by examining the relationship between academic performance and attention problems with juvenile firesetting. Two datasets from the Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) were used. The Factor Analysis Dataset (N = 975) was utilized and results indicated that adolescents who report lower academic performance are more likely to set fires. Additionally, adolescents who report a poor attitude toward school are even more likely to set fires. Results also indicated that attention problems are predictive of self-reported firesetting. The National Survey Dataset (N = 1158) …

Effects Of Nonylphenol On Orientation By The Crayfish Orconectes Propinquus, Kathryn J. Page

Masters Theses

Nonylphenol is a widely used surfactant subject to ethoxylation and subsists in the environment for significant amounts of time. It has industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses, and makes its way into the aquatic ecosystem despite treatment of wastewater. Detrimental effects of nonylphenol are varied, but most notably endocrine disruption has been examined. Crayfish are a crucial invertebrate in freshwater ecosystems. They are omnivorous, and occupy a key position in the trophic web as both predator and prey. To determine if nonylphenol exposure has any effect on the orientation abilities of crayfish, I acutely (1 day) and chronically (4 days) exposed …

Positive Behavior Intervention And Support On The Playground, Teri M. Miller

Masters of Arts in Education Action Research Papers

The purpose of this action research project was to implement the Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) model on the playground environment and determine the effects on student behavior observed during recess. The study was conducted at an elementary school with first grade teachers and students. Data collection methods included surveys, student goal sheets, and a web-based application, School-Wide Information System (SWIS), used to document referrals on playground behavior. Results from the eight-week study yielded positive results, showing a dramatic decrease of problematic behaviors on the playground. Recommendations based on the results of the investigation include creating Active Recess (AR) …

Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Responses To Methylphenidate Correlated To Behavioral Responses Of Adolescent And Adult Rats, Zachary Jones

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Methylphenidate (MPD) is a psychostimulant used in the treat treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and more recently is being used as a cognitive enhancement and recreational drug. Its therapeutic effects are not fully understood, nor are the long term effects of the drug on brain development. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a site of psychostimulant action thought to be involved in behavioral sensitization. The aim of the this study was to first determine if there are differences in neuronal responses between individuals, with respect to neuronal firing patterns in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and whether these differences …

Toxic And Repellent Effects Of Pyrethroids Used In Orchards On The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Erin M. Ingram

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Managed honey bee colonies provide valuable pollination services and are rented by fruit orchards to improve fruit quality and yield. The placement of colonies in this agricultural setting increases the possibility of exposure to pyrethroids used for broad-spectrum pest control in orchards. Although highly toxic to bees, pyrethroids are believed to pose a relatively low hazard due to their low application rates in the field as well as their contact repellent properties. Previous studies have noted a decrease in foraging visits following pyrethroid application possibly preventing bees from acquiring a lethal dose in the field.

This research quantified behaviors associated …

An Algorithm To Recognize Multi-Stable Behavior From An Ensemble Of Stochastic Simulation Runs, Eduardo Monzon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Synthetic biological designers are demanding tools to help with the design and verification process of new biological models. Some of the most common tools available aggregate multiple simulation results into one “clean” trajectory that hopefully is representative of the system’s behavior. However, for systems exhibiting multiple stable states, these techniques fail to show all the possible trajectories of the system. This work introduces a method capable of detecting the presence of more than one “typical” trajectory in a system, which can also be integrated with other available simulation tools.

The Behavioral And Physiological Effects Of Long-Distance Translocation On Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Oreganus), Kory Hayden Heiken

Master's Theses

Long-distance translocation (LDT), the relocation of an animal outside of its home range, is a popular strategy for mitigating conflict between humans and venomous snakes. While LDT has been demonstrated to prevent a snake’s return to the location of capture, it may result in increased mortality, magnitude and frequency of movements, and activity range sizes. Thus, it has generally been discouraged. However, the effects of LDT on stress physiology and thermoregulation have gone largely unstudied in reptiles. To elucidate these effects, we conducted an experimental LDT on Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) on Vandenberg Air Force base in California. …

Pemetaan Dan Analisis Faktor Risiko Leptospirosis, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Sri Nurlaela, Devi Octaviana

Kesmas

Sampai dengan tahun 2013 dilaporkan ada 13 kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas.Terjadinya peningkatan kasus selama dua tahun terakhir perlu mendapat perhatian dari berbagai pihak agar kasus leptospirosis bisa segera ditangani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan kasus leptospirosis dan menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungan dan perilaku yang memengaruhi leptospirosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi observasional kasus kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran. Analisis data menggunakan analisis spasial, analisis univariat, dan bivariat. Kasus adalah penderita leptospirosis berjumlah 13 orang dan kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang tidak menderita leptospirosis berjumlah 52 orang. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas termasuk …

Beta 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Contributions To Anxiety-Like Behavior, Shawn Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Nicotine is a major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco that is thought to promote smoking behavior via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. Given reports that people smoke to relieve anxiety and that anxiety precipitates relapse, the overarching goal of this dissertation research is to assess beta 2 subunit containing nAChR (beta2*nAChR) contributions to anxiety-like behavior. Nicotine’s activity at beta2*nAChRs is concentration-dependent, with high concentrations facilitating activation followed by rapid desensitization and low concentrations preferentially desensitizing beta2*nAChRs; hence, activation or inhibition of beta2*nAChRs may support smoking behavior. Rodent studies reveal that nicotine affects anxiety-like behavior dose-dependently: low doses promote anxiolysis- …

Microcalorimetric Study Of Nematic-To-Neat-Soap And Nematic-To-Isotropic Phase Transitions In A Lyotropic Liquid Crystal, T. S. Shin, Satyendra Kumar

Satyendra Kumar

The results of specific-heat measurements at the nematic- (N) to-neat-soap (NS) and nematic-to-isotropic (I) phase transitions in binary mixtures of cesium-perfluoro-octanoate and water are reported. The ratio of specific-heat amplitudes above and below the N-NS transition, A+/A-, and the specific-heat exponent α remain ∼1.0 and ≤0.02, respectively, suggesting 3D XY-type behavior. At the first-order N-I transition, vanishing latent heat and coexistence range at low concentration indicate the existence of a Landau point.

Sanitasi Lingkungan Kandang, Perilaku, Dan Flu Burung, Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo, Kenti Friskarini

Kesmas

Flu burung (avian influenza) adalah suatu penyakit menular pada unggas yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza tipe A subtipe H5N1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan perilaku peternak berkaitan dengan flu burung. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner disertai pengamatan lapangan. Besar sampel sebanyak 7.200 yang tersebar di 18 kelurahan, dengan 1.536 responden peternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar jenis unggas yang dipelihara oleh masyarakat adalah ayam. Sebagian besar responden mengandangkan unggasnya. Sebesar 65,63% mencuci tangan dengan sabun setelah memegang unggas. Unggas yang mati dimusnahkan dengan cara dibakar 41,08% dan dikubur 50,06%. Tidak menjual unggas peliharaan, baik …

A Cellulose Liquid Crystal Motor: A Steam Engine Of The Second Kind, Yong Geng, Pedro Lucio Almeida, Cheng Cheng, Peter Palffy-Muhoray, Maria Helena Godinho, Susete Nogueira Fernandes

Peter Palffy-Muhoray

The salient feature of liquid crystal elastomers and networks is strong coupling between orientational order and mechanical strain. Orientational order can be changed by a wide variety of stimuli, including the presence of moisture. Changes in the orientation of constituents give rise to stresses and strains, which result in changes in sample shape. We have utilized this effect to build soft cellulose-based motor driven by humidity. The motor consists of a circular loop of cellulose film, which passes over two wheels. When humid air is present near one of the wheels on one side of the film, with drier air …

Pattern Formation In Non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw Flow, P. Fast, L. Kondic, M. J. Shelley, Peter Palffy-Muhoray

Peter Palffy-Muhoray

We study theoretically the Saffman-Taylor instability of an air bubble expanding into a non-Newtonian fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell, with the motivation of understanding suppression of tip-splitting and the formation of dendritic structures observed in the flow of complex fluids, such as polymeric liquids or liquid crystals. A standard visco-elastic flow model is simplified in the case of flow in a thin gap, and it is found that there is a distinguished limit where shear thinning and normal stress differences are apparent, but elastic response is negligible. This observation allows formulation of a generalized Darcy's law, where the pressure satisfies …

Distance Of Closest Approach Of Two Arbitrary Hard Ellipses In Two Dimensions, Xiaoyu Zheng, Peter Palffy-Muhoray

Peter Palffy-Muhoray

The distance of closest approach of hard particles is a key parameter of their interaction and plays an important role in the resulting phase behavior. For nonspherical particles, the distance of closest approach depends on orientation, and its calculation is surprisingly difficult. Although overlap criteria have been developed for use in computer simulations [ Vieillard-Baron J. Chem. Phys. 56 4729 (1972); Perram and Wertheim J. Comput. Phys. 58 409 (1985)], no analytic solutions have been obtained for the distance of closest approach of ellipsoids in three dimensions, or, until now, for ellipses in two dimensions. We have derived an analytic …

Effect Of Director Distortions On Morphologies Of Phase Separation In Liquid Crystals, D. Voloschenko, Oleg P. Pishnyak, Sergij V. Shiyanovskii, Oleg Lavrentovich

Oleg Lavrentovich

We study phase separation from a nematic liquid crystal with spatially nonuniform director gradients. Particles of a phase-separated component, which is either an isotropic fluid (silicone oil) or a nonmesogenic photopolymer, accumulate in the regions with the strongest director distortions, thus reducing the overall energy of the system.

Nanophase Segregation Of Nonpolar Solvents In Smectic Liquid Crystals Of Bent-Shape Molecules, M.Y.M. Huang, A.M. Pedreira, O.G. Martins, A.M.F. Neto, Antal Jakli

Antal Jakli

Electro-optical, calorimetric, x-ray, and dielectric measurements are reported on a mixture containing a bent-core liquid crystal 4-chloro-1,3-phenylinebis [4-(4-n-tetradecyloxyphenyliminomethyl) benzoate] mixed with the nonpolar solvent n-hexadecane (HEX). It is observed that the addition of HEX depresses the isotropic-to-smectic phase transition temperature, but the crystallization temperature does not change considerably. Instead, the texture of the crystalline phase changes and, at sufficiently high concentrations of HEX (>20 wt %), an optically isotropic phase appears. Above 40 wt % HEX concentrations, the mesophase completely disappears and a direct isotropic solid-to-isotropic liquid transition takes place. At increasing HEX concentration, the transition enthalpies, the layer …

Light-Induced Changes Of Optical And Electrical Properties In Bent-Core Azo Compounds, Antal Jakli, V. Prasad, D.S.S. Rao, Guangxun Liao, I. Janossy

Antal Jakli

We have studied the optical and electrical properties of two bent-core substances with an azo linkage in their cores. Pump-probe laser studies, direct textural observations, and spectrophotometric recordings show an initial decrease of light transmission, which at larger light intensities (similar to 1 mW/mm(2)) is followed by a bleaching. Simultaneously the electrical properties (electric conductivity, antiferroelectric polarization, switching threshold, and switching time) decreased monotonically with increasing light intensities. The monotonic decrease of electrical properties indicates that the darkening and bleaching have the same origin, namely, the photochemical isomerization of the azo linkage from the trans to the cis isomer. The …

Effects Of Ocean Acidification On The Behavior Of Two Marine Invertebrates: A Study Of Predator-Prey Responses Of The Molluscs Conus Marmoreus And Strombus Luhuanus At Elevated-Co2 Conditions, Jennifer Fields

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Ocean acidification has been affecting the world’s oceans since the introduction of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere during the Industrial Revolution. An increase in CO2 uptake from the atmosphere to the ocean has had a profound impact on not only the water chemistry, but marine organisms as well. Ocean acidification is known to have significant impacts on marine invertebrates in terms of calcification and reproduction; however, effects of increased CO2 on marine invertebrate behavior are vastly unknown. Marine conch gastropods have a modified muscularized foot that allows them to escape quite rapidly when faced with a predator cone shell. Utilizing …

A Capital Market, Corporate Law Approach To Creditor Conduct, Mark J. Roe, Frederico Cenzi Venezze

Michigan Law Review

The problem of creditor conduct in a distressed firm—-for which policymakers ought to have the distressed firm’s economically sensible repositioning as a central goal—-has vexed courts for decades. Because courts have not come to coherent, stable doctrine to regulate creditor behavior and because they do not focus on building doctrinal structures that would facilitate the sensible repositioning of the distressed firm, social costs arise and those costs may be substantial. One can easily see why developing a good rule here has been hard to achieve: A rule that facilitates creditor intervention in the debtor’s operations beyond the creditor’s ordinary collection …

Organizational Change And The Identity Cycle: Understanding The Effect Of Change On Individual Attitudes And Behaviors Through A Combined Social Identity Theory/Identity Theory Perspective, Daniel M. Cable, Theresa M. Welbourne

Theresa M. Welbourne, PhD

The study of roles and role behavior is particularly relevant today as individuals acquire more roles in the complexity of the 1990s. One environment that has been significantly prone to change is the workplace, where multiple committees, teams, and departments have transformed the nature of work and are altering the way that jobs are defined. In addition to the fact that workers are now taking on multiple roles within organizations, the roles themselves are changing at an accelerated pace. Reengineering, downsizing, mergers, acquisitions, and total quality initiatives are just a few of the interventions that businesses are implementing in order …

Effects Of Individual And Team Monitoring On Employee Performance: Differential Outcomes Under Gainsharing And Traditional Pay, Theresa M. Welbourne

Theresa M. Welbourne, PhD

Agency and justice theories suggest that pay plans affect monitoring, but the effect of monitoring on job performance has not been studied. Using a new categorization of monitoring behavior (individual/team and observing/advising), this study shows that individual observational monitoring has a positive impact on performance appraisals under gainsharing and traditional pay situations. Team advisory monitoring, however, has a positive effect on performance, measured both by appraisals and suggestions submitted under gainsharing, but a negative effect on both behaviors under traditional pay.

Fear: A Misunderstood Component Of Organizational Transformation, Theresa M. Welbourne

Theresa M. Welbourne, PhD

Corporate transformations are being implemented by many organizations, however, successes are remarkably rare. This paper suggests that a contributing factor might be the ineffective use of fear in employee communications. Rather than reducing fear, companies can enhance the transformation process by harnessing fear to quickly change behavior. Protection motivation theory has been applied by marketing researchers to suggest that fear appeals containing strong threats and information on coping strategies can be successful in changing behavior. Human resource managers can be instrumental in designing effective communications that incorporate fear-inducing messages and information on coping strategies.

The Role Of Distributive And Procedural Justice In Predicting Gainsharing Satisfaction, Theresa M. Welbourne

Theresa M. Welbourne, PhD

This paper tests three competing hypotheses on the relative importance of distributive and procedural justice in predicting satisfaction with productivity gainsharing. The analysis provides support for one of the hypotheses, which states that the payout will determine which type of fairness (procedural or distributive) is more predictive of gainsharing satisfaction.

Performance And Signaling In The Green Anole Lizard, Justin P. Henningsen

Open Access Dissertations

Green anoles are small lizards of the Southeastern United States. They possess an extensible throat-fan called a dewlap. Males have larger dewlaps and display them more often than females. Displays occur during courtship, during agonistic interaction, and during encounters with potential predators. The size of the dewlap of male green anoles is positively correlated with maximum bite force capacity. Bite force capacity, in turn, is predictive of the winner during agonistic interactions. The correlation between these traits suggests that dewlap size may be used as a reliable signal of maximum bite force capacity. In this dissertation, I address three components …

Mentoring Youth With Emotional And Behavioral Problems: A Meta-Analytic Review, David Aron Meyerson

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Our current service delivery models are falling short of helping youth with mental health problems. Mentoring is one option that may be effective at helping us address this shortcoming. Youth mentoring theory and research have typically treated mentoring as a prevention intervention (i.e., preventing school dropout, academic decline, psychopathology development, etc.), and research has found youth mentoring to be effective in a variety of domains. The benefits of mentoring may also be applicable to youth with known mental health problems. Research has begun to tackle this question. This meta-analysis addresses the questions of the effectiveness of mentoring programs targeting youth …

Behavioral Variation Between Two Clades Of Leptasterias Spp., Ashley N. Contreras

STAR Program Research Presentations

Leptasterias spp. are six-rayed sea stars found along the rocky intertidal of the northeast Pacific Alaska to Santa Catalina Island, southern California. In central California, three clades of Leptasterias are found in separate or mixed populations, in diverse habitats that range from shallow pools of seagrass and algae to bare rock exposed to crashing waves. Initial field observations of two clades from different locations suggested that behavioral variation may relate to habitat differences among clades. To measure differences in activity, the righting response was timed at both field sites. As a result of behavioral variation observed in the field, more …

The Importance Of Epigenetic Phenomena In Regulating Activity Of The Genetic Material, Sin Chan

Senior Honors Projects

Genetics has taught us that genes are represented as discrete sequences within a larger DNA molecule found embedded within the chromosomes of a living cell. Collectively these chromosomes and their associated genes carry all of the instructions for life. Until recently, the prevailing thought has been that genes are destiny in the life of an individual since the genes carry the information that determines the general traits and characteristics associated with that individual. The relatively recent understanding of mechanisms that underlie epigenetic phenomena has led to a rethinking of this concept. Epigenetics describes cellular mechanisms that explain how two individuals …

A Study Of How Selected Public School Junior-High Students Perceive The Effect Of Popular Music On Classroom Behavior, Christopher Mc Allister

Masters Theses

The objective of this study is to further the understanding of how junior-high students in the public schools perceive the effects of popular music on their behavior in the classroom. Two primary research questions serve as the foundation for this study. The first question investigates how themes disclosed in interviews of selected public school junior high students help to explain their personal perceptions of how popular music affects their behavior in the academic environment. The second question seeks to determine whether students that listen to a particular genre of popular music have different or similar perceptions of how music affects …

Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik, Ririn Setyowati, Surahma Asti Mulasari

Kesmas

Pencemaran lingkungan akibat sampah plastik semakin mengkhawatirkan apabila tidak ada usaha untuk mengatasinya. Masyarakat yang kurang pengetahuan dan berperilaku buruk dalam pengelolaan sampah plastik dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu rumah tangga dengan perilaku mengelola sampah plastik. Penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Kedesen, Desa Kradenan, Kecamatan Kaliwungu, Kabupaten Semarang Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi cross sectional, dengan sampel berjumlah 74 orang yang diambil secara secara acak sederhana. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji statistik Kai Kuadrat (X2). Penelitian …