Digital Commons Network^™

Analysis Of N-Nitrosamines In Water By Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry, James A. Mcdonald, Nick B. Harden, Long Nghiem, Stuart J. Khan

Long D Nghiem

A method has been developed for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in drinking water and treated municipal effluent. The method uses solid phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography (GC) and analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) with electron ionization (EI). The target compounds are N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethyethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBuA), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMorph). The use of direct isotope analogues for isotope dilution analysis of all analytes ensures accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may occur during sample processing, extraction and instrumental analysis. Method detection levels (MDLs) were determined to describe analyte …

N-Nitrosamine Removal By Reverse Osmosis For Indirect Potable Water Reuse – A Critical Review Based On Observations From Laboratory, Pilot And Full-Scale Studies, Takahiro Fujioka, Stuart J. Khan, Yvan Poussade, Jorg E. Drewes, Long D. Nghiem

Long D Nghiem

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and several other N-nitrosamines have been identified as probable human carcinogens. Here, we review key aspects related to the occurrence and removal of N-nitrosamines by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the context of indirect potable water reuse. A comprehensive analysis of the existing data reveals significant variations in the rejection of NDMA by RO membranes reported in the literature, ranging from negligible up to 86%. This review article provides some insight into the reasons for such variations by examining the available data on the effects of operating conditions on NDMA rejection. Amongst several operating parameters investigated so far …

Critical Risk Points Of Nanofiltration And Reverse Osmosis Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer

Long D Nghiem

NF/RO membrane filtration processes have been recognized as an important technology to facilitate water recycling. Those processes are well-proven technologies, which can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants including trace contaminants that are of particular concern in water recycling. However, risk implications in association with brine or concentrate and membrane cleaning wastewater disposal have to date not been adequately understood. This study examines the adsorption and release process of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during NF/RO filtration processes. Results reported here indicate that the membrane can serve as a large reservoir for EDCs and their release may be …

Perceptions Of Water, Sanitation And Hygiene Interventions In Select Communities In Central America. Recommendations To Explore The Issue Of Sustainability, Arlyn Nathalia Gleaton

Public Health Theses

Background: Estimations from the Joint Monitoring program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP, 2012) reveal that “less than five percent of water and sanitation interventions are revisited once they have been completed and less than one percent are monitored over the long term”. Since 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) has been working with the American Red Cross (ARC) to evaluate the long-term sustainability of post-disaster water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (WASH) provided in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador. Sustainability assessments were conducted in 2006, 2009 and most recently in 2012. In the 2012 evaluation, a qualitative …

Background Reading: Department Of The Interior, 2013 Departmental Overview, United States. Department Of The Interior, Ken Salazar

The Future of Natural Resources Policy (December 6)

18 pages (DO-5 through DO-22).

"Background Reading"

The Future of Natural Resources Policy: This forum will provide a post-election perspective on some of the challenges and opportunities that natural resources, public lands, and energy policymakers in Washington are likely to face in the next four years. An expert panel will discuss the dynamics in the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, and Congress, and how their evolving policies are likely to affect Colorado in the coming years.

Model Development And Application Of Molecular Simulations For The Study Of Proton Transport In Bulk Water And For The Prediction Of Dipole Moments Of Organic Compounds, Abhishek Asthana

Theses and Dissertations

The present work demonstrates the application of molecular simulations (MD) in two different areas: proton transport in bulk water and estimation of the dipole moment of polar organic compounds. In both areas, relatively few successful and robust methodologies exist. In the first part, a new polarizable water model is developed for MD simulations of the proton transport process. The model was parametrized from a combination of quantum chemical calculations and experimental water properties. The model was implemented in MD simulation studies of liquid water at room temperature, as well as with excess protons. For pure water the model gave good …

Laboratory And Field Performance Of The Biosand Point Of Use Water Filtration System In The Artibonite Valley, Haiti, Andrew John Sisson

Masters Theses

The research presented here is summary two years of studying the Biosand filter (BSF) both in Haiti during March 2011 and in the laboratory. In Chapter 2, we examined the long term use and sustainability 55 BSF systems near Deschapelles, Haiti and 47% were found to be no longer in use. Interviews with BSF owners revealed problems related to intermittent filter use. A review of 17 BSF field studies also was included to compare and substantiate observations made in Haiti. Together, previous field studies and our observations point toward the importance of providing culturally appropriate technologies and education materials explaining …

Hydraulic Modeling: Pipe Network Analysis, Trevor T. Datwyler

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Water modeling is becoming an increasingly important part of hydraulic engineering. One application of hydraulic modeling is pipe network analysis. Using programmed algorithms to repeatedly solve continuity and energy equations, computer software can greatly reduce the amount of time required to analyze a closed conduit system. Such hydraulic models can become a valuable tool for cities to maintain their water systems and plan for future growth. The Utah Division of Drinking Water regulations require cities to maintain hydraulic models of their culinary water systems, and before additional connections can be made to the water system, a licensed professional engineer must …

Untitled, Ben Hansburger

The Prairie Light Review

No abstract provided.

Safe Water For People In Low, Small Island Pacific Nations: The Rural-Urban Dilemma, Ian White, Tony Falkland, Taboia Metutera, Mourongo Katatia, Tererei Abete-Reema, Marc Overmars, Pascal Perez, Anne Dray

Professor Pascal Perez

The issue of ensuring that growing communities in small island countries have access to safe water and adequate sanitation is examined in Kiribati, whose islands are spread over three million square kilometres in the central Pacific. Its coral island communities have water supply and sanitation problems among the most difficult in the world. Formulaic developed-world approaches, models, techniques and toolboxes that do not consider the social and cultural context have had little success. Changes in approach at the international, national and local levels are called for, and the resourcing of village-level water and sanitation committees would return ownership and control …

Towards An Art And Science Of Decision Aiding For Water Management And Planning: A Participatory Modelling Process, Katherine A. Daniell, Ian White, Nils Ferrand, Alexis Tsoukias, Stewart Burn, Pascal Perez

Professor Pascal Perez

Planning and management of water resources are faced with increasingly high levels of complexity, uncertainty and conflict. Traditional technical and top-down management strategies have proved inadequate, forcing a move to more "integrated" forms of management, planning and decision making that can include stakeholders and communities, as well as technical experts and policy makers. These integrated forms of management require not only good technical or scientific ability, but a range of "art-like" skills including communication, creativity and the capacity to acknowledge and integrate diverse points of view. However, processes designed to aid such inter-organisational or multi-stakeholder decisionmaking are rare and in …

Slides: Colorado Law: Protecting Water Quantity And Quality, Alan E. Curtis

Monitoring and Protecting Groundwater During Oil and Gas Development (November 26)

Presenter: Alan E. Curtis, White & Jankowski, LLP

23 slides

Natural Resource Damages Under Cercla: The Emerging Champion Of Environmental Enforcement , Patrick Thomas Michael Iii

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Methods, Strategies, And Implementation Of Agricultural Preservation In The South Valley, New Mexico, Gonzales Moises

Student Publications

The purpose of this plan is to formulate strategies to preserve agricultural land in the South Valley area of Bernalillo County. The project is intended to assist the Bernalillo County Planning Department by providing the SouthWest Area Plan Steering Committee with an understanding of the current agricultural conditions in the South Valley. The project is also intended to help the community to develop goals and strategies to preserve agriculture. Historically, the South Valley maintained itself as a self sufficient agricultural community until the early 1940s. Recently, the number of acres in agriculture had declines. Much of this decline has been …

Water. World Water, A Crisis Of Global Governance?, Robert Weiner

Robert Weiner

In a global world, how can water, a necessary and increasingly scarce resource, be managed? We understand that water is a basic need. Do we also share the belief that water is a basic right? Does the international community share beliefs about water that may be the foundation of an international regime or system of global governance for the equitable implementation of global water policy? And finally, what international body or bodies might handle the disputes that arise as our population and need for water increase? The author tackles these questions and looks at models to guide us.

The Impact Of Water On Girls' Formal Education: A Study Of Kenyan Secondary Schools, Jennifer Emick

Master's Theses

This study applies a human rights lens to view how the lack of access to potable water in Kenya’s rural areas impacts girls’ education. This research is intended to serve as a baseline for iteration and expansion, with the long-term goal of developing a greater understanding of the ways in which water development projects and the smarter provision of basic resources can be used as strategies for achieving gender equality in both education and civic participation.

Integrating Water Resources Into Computable General Equilibrium Models - A Survey, Roberto Ponce, Francesco Bosello, Carlo Giupponi

Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers

Water resources are facing several stresses in terms of quantity and quality. These pressures are closely related to the human interventions in fields like: agriculture, land-use/land use change, construction/management of reservoirs, pollutant emissions, and water /wastewater treatment, among others. Considering the critical role that water plays for agricultural production, any shock in water availability will have great implications for agricultural production, and through agricultural markets these impacts will reach the whole economy with economy-wide consequences. The aim of this report is to present a literature review about the state of the art methodology regarding the study of water issues using …

Finding Money (2012), Sharon Rollins

MTAS Publications: Full Publications

This guide provides an overview of various financing programs available to Tennessee's local governments for water, wastewater, solid waste, and other project needs.

Drinking Water Resource Directory, New England Environmental Finance Center

Sustainable Communities Capacity Building

This document is intended to help local and regional planning agencies, and their constituent water utilities, integrate drinking water infrastructure planning and investments into plans for sustainable development. Resources listed here provide guidance on making land use decisions that protect water resources, setting adequate and sustainable drinking water rates, controlling water loss, funding water infrastructure projects, and managing water utilities.

The directory was developed by the Environmental Finance Center Network through the Capacity Building for Sustainable Communities program funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Environmental Protection Agency. Through this program, EFCN is providing capacity …

Sustainable Water Management On Brownfields Sites, Ryan Fenwick, New England Environmental Finance Center

Sustainable Communities Capacity Building

This practice guide was developed by the Environmental Finance Center Network (EFCN) through the Capacity Building for Sustainable Communities program funded by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Through a cooperative agreement with HUD, EFCN is providing capacity building and technical assistance to recipients of grants from the federal Partnership for Sustainable Communities, an interagency collaboration that aims to help towns, cities, and regions develop in more economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable ways.

Sourcing Scarcity, Muneerah Alrabe

Architecture Thesis Prep

"Water is an essential element to human development and urban vitality. As a response to future oil depletion in cities, a new appearance of water emerges in cities: Hydro-urbanism. Through rethinking the potential of water infrastructure in cities, HydroUrbanism situates itself as a spectacular functional event that aims to collect, purify, store, and generate energy within a city. The project reconsiders the production process of water on the periphery of the city and hypothesizes for an integrated process of the production of water to work within the city at an urban scale. Exposing the water infrastructure, fantasizing water, and re-connecting …

Slides: Impacts Of Energy Deficits In Cooking, Illumination, Water, Sanitation, And Motive Power, Paul S. Chinowsky

2012 Energy Justice Conference and Technology Exposition (September 17-18)

Presenter: Dr. Paul Chinowsky, Director, Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities; Professor, University of Colorado

25 slides

Book Review: "Troubled Waters: Confronting The Water Crisis In Australia's Cities" By Patrick Troy (Ed.), Leah M. Gibbs

Leah Maree Gibbs

Troubled Waters is a collection of essays edited by Patrick Troy, Emeritus Professor and Visiting Fellow at the Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University. The papers are contributed by a multidisciplinary group of authors, from the fields of economics, history, geography, environmental and social policy and law. As a result, the book does not present a single theoretical or methodological approach and in this regard it is refreshing. The book is published by the ANU E Press; a publisher that makes academic output from the ANU freely available from its website, as well as for purchase through …

Ec81-1240 Vegetable Gardening In Nebraska, Dale T. Lindgren, Laurie Hodges, Don Steinegger, Ralph E. Neild

Laurie Hodges

Nebraskans are increasing their consumption of fresh vegetables — as appetizers, salads, side dishes, and snacks. Fresh vegetables are an integral part of a healthy, well-balanced diet. Although Nebraska's climate and soil are well-suited for many vegetables, most are supplied from out of the state, even during summer. Growing fresh vegetables can provide higher nutrition and flavor at less expense than buying fresh produce at the grocery store. A garden also can be a source of personal enjoyment and satisfaction. This extension circular helps the gardener decide when, where, and how to plant and maintain a vegetable garden.

G80-496 Tomatoes In The Home Garden, Laurie Hodges, Dale T. Lindgren, Susan Schoneweis

Laurie Hodges

This NebGuide outlines tomato rearing practices, cultivars and possible pest, disease and weed control problems.

Tomatoes come in a wide range of fruit colors, sizes, shapes and maturities. Ripe tomatoes may be red, yellow, orange, pink or even green. Shapes vary from globe or round to slightly flattened, pear-like or cherry-sized. Often consumers complain tomatoes purchased in grocery stores are lacking in flavor or have tough skin. In a home garden, you can grow the tomatoes you prefer, including a wide selection of fruit colors, flavors, textures and sizes. Although rumored, there is no direct link between fruit acidity and …

Closing The Regulatory Gap In Michigan's Public Trust Doctrine: Saving Michigan Millions With Statutory Reform, Kelsey Breck

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The Great Lakes are some of Michigan's most valuable and important environmental resources. The public trust doctrine requires Michigan to protect and preserve the lands along the shores of the Great Lakes for the use of future generations. Unfortunately, the public trust doctrine in Michigan is in disarray and as a result, public and private rights to the lands along the Great Lakes are poorly delineated. This Note presents an economic argument for why the public trust doctrine should be reformed to better define public and private rights to the land along Michigan's Great Lakes. It also suggests a statutory …

The Effects Of Oil Concentration And Droplet Diameter In Oil-In-Water Emulsion On Strip Rolling, Prabuono B. Kosasih, A. K. Tieu, Weihua Li, Cheng Lu

Professor Weihua Li

A numerical scheme, which allows tracking of the concentration process within both the inlet and wok zones, has been developed. The scheme allowed us to calculate the rolling pressure and friction associated with the process for different emulsion’s oil concentrations, and oil droplets diameter, ds. Hence the intertwined effect of A,ds, ds and rolling speed on strip rolling parameters could be analyzed. The result shows that rapid concentration, which occurs in the inlet zone, increases the emulsion’s oil concentration sharply. This process effectively transforms the oil into the continuous phase of the emulsion. The analysis of the results also suggests …

Analysis Of Jet Characteristics And Structural Optimization Of A Liquamatic Fire Water Monitor With Self-Swinging Mechanism, Guoliang Hu, Ming Long, Juxing Liang, Weihua Li

Professor Weihua Li

This paper presents analysis and optimization of a liquamatic fire water monitor with a novel self-swinging mechanism. The design of the self-swinging mechanism has adopted a four-bar linkage driven by an impeller. The Fluent software was used to simulate the internal flow performance of the fire water monitor. In particular, the effects of the cross-sectional shape, diameters of the monitor body, inlet water pressure, and drive set of the self-swinging mechanism on the jet characteristics were analyzed. These analyses have led to optimal structural parameters of the flow channel. A prototype of the fire ware monitor was manufactured, and the …

The Effects Of Oil Concentration And Droplet Diameter In Oil-In-Water Emulsion On Strip Rolling, Prabuono B. Kosasih, A. K. Tieu, Weihua Li, Cheng Lu

Professor Weihua Li

A numerical scheme, which allows tracking of the concentration process within both the inlet and wok zones, has been developed. The scheme allowed us to calculate the rolling pressure and friction associated with the process for different emulsion’s oil concentrations, and oil droplets diameter, ds. Hence the intertwined effect of A,ds, ds and rolling speed on strip rolling parameters could be analyzed. The result shows that rapid concentration, which occurs in the inlet zone, increases the emulsion’s oil concentration sharply. This process effectively transforms the oil into the continuous phase of the emulsion. The analysis of the results also suggests …

Local Government Public Works Standards And Specifications, John Chlarson, Sharon Rollins

MTAS Publications: Full Publications

This document was developed to provide Tennessee cities with guidelines for construction projects. It includes guidelines for construction standards, materials specifications, design criteria, and contract documents to be used for streets, storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and water distribution systems.