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2011

Poverty

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Attempting To Close The Food Gap: An Evaluation Of The 2011 Fair Share Program In Gettysburg, Pa, Lisa M. Martin Dec 2011

Attempting To Close The Food Gap: An Evaluation Of The 2011 Fair Share Program In Gettysburg, Pa, Lisa M. Martin

Student Publications

Background: Families in Adams County with an income between 160% and 250% of the Federal Poverty Income Guidelines and ineligible for federal food assistance programs were determined to be in the “food gap.” In collaboration with Adams County Farm Fresh Markets and the Center for Public Service at Gettysburg College, the Adams County Food Policy Council developed the Fair Share Program to provide monthly food vouchers and educational sessions to a group of families in the food gap to use at farmers markets in Gettysburg, PA. The goals of the program were to provide families not eligible for federal food …

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The Association Between Reading Comprehension And Prerequisite Skills For Children In Poverty, Hyo Jin Yoon Dec 2011

The Association Between Reading Comprehension And Prerequisite Skills For Children In Poverty, Hyo Jin Yoon

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between reading comprehension and the prerequisite skills typically assessed by a school based speech pathologist with a focus on children raised in poverty. Based upon previous studies, three hypotheses were developed. First, children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds would not perform as well as children from the standardization sample on norm referenced language tests although the language tests would predict reading comprehension. Second, decoding would not be as good a predictor of reading comprehension for children from low SES backgrounds as it is in typically developing children from middle …

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Structural Determinants Of Homicide: The Big Three, Maria Tcherni Dec 2011

Structural Determinants Of Homicide: The Big Three, Maria Tcherni

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Building upon and expanding the previous research into structural determinants of homicide, particularly the work of Land, McCall and Cohen (1990), the current paper uses county-level data to disentangle three major influences on homicide rates: poverty, racial composition, and the disruption of family structure. Theoretical foundations of these influences are laid out, and the effects of the three factors on homicide rates are tested at two time periods as far removed from one another as possible: 1950-1960 and 1995-2005. All major variables typically used in homicide research are included as controls. The results of analyses show that the effects of …

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Doing A Little More For The Poor? Social Assistance In Shanghai, Zhang Haomiao Dec 2011

Doing A Little More For The Poor? Social Assistance In Shanghai, Zhang Haomiao

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Shanghai was a leader in nation-wide social assistance reform. It has established an extensive and complex social assistance system. This paper offers a general overview of different major assistance programs in Shanghai and uses a recent survey ofMinimum Living Standard Guarantee System (MLSGS) recipients in urban Shanghai to briefly examine the performance of social assistance. It finds that on the program construction and administration level, Shanghai's social assistance is advanced. However, due to high living costs and relatively low values of social assistance, social assistance plays a limited role in relieving the distress of recipients. The paper analyzes the main …

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Purging The Drug Conviction Ban On Food Stamps In California., Lyndsey K. Eadler Dec 2011

Purging The Drug Conviction Ban On Food Stamps In California., Lyndsey K. Eadler

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

California’s choice to only partially opt out of the federal lifetime ban on food stamps for felony drug offenders results in the California legislature denying necessary and vital food assistance to thousands of otherwise eligible Californians. Other than supporting a “tough on drugs” agenda, no legitimate reason can be provided for categorically denying food stamps to individuals with felony drug convictions while allowing individuals convicted of other crimes to continue receiving the benefit. This ban is detrimental to the reintegration of ex-felons into the community; for poor ex-felons, who are financially eligible to receive food stamps, the ban significantly limits …

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Bringing The Outside In: An Examination Of Non-Governmental Aid Organizations In Buenos Aires, Elisabeth B. Tilstra Dec 2011

Bringing The Outside In: An Examination Of Non-Governmental Aid Organizations In Buenos Aires, Elisabeth B. Tilstra

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

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If Not Welfare, Then What?: How Single Mothers Finance College Post-Welfare Reform, Kristin Wilson Dec 2011

If Not Welfare, Then What?: How Single Mothers Finance College Post-Welfare Reform, Kristin Wilson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The article follows previous work on TANF and AFDC by asking if not welfare, then what social programs and financial aid programs are low-income women using to support their college attendance, and what is the impact of these programs on the college-going decisions of low-income women? The study is based on case studies of 10 low-income women attending a community college. Results indicated that EITC, food stamps, and subsidized housing are stable sources of funding. However, each of these programs requires diferent application processes and compliance regulations. Only the Pell Grant was viewed as a dependable source of funding for …

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Single Mothers In College: The Effect Of Selected Variables, Rickey Booker Dec 2011

Single Mothers In College: The Effect Of Selected Variables, Rickey Booker

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Single parent mothers who are currently in poverty may find it difficult to find routes out of poverty and/or even to enrolling in college. Little empirical research has been conducted on low-income single parent mothers who attempt to enroll, persist and graduate college. The current research has shown that single parents are at a high risk of dropping out of college because of many barriers including poverty related issues. This study examined women who had at least one child or dependent, were in poverty, and were first time beginners in college. The purpose for conducting this study was to identify …

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Family Stability And Childhood Behavioral Outcomes: A Critical Review Of The Literature, Stephen Baldridge Nov 2011

Family Stability And Childhood Behavioral Outcomes: A Critical Review Of The Literature, Stephen Baldridge

Journal of Family Strengths

As the definition of what is considered a family changes in our society, the family unit itself continues to undergo changes. These changes can sometimes lead to decreased stability within the family unit. One of the greatest challenges facing those researching this phenomenon is the lack of consistency within the existing body of research surrounding what familial instability actually is (the definition). This critical review of the literature examines the current body of literature in order to identify what is known about family stability and its impact on adolescent behavior, as well as what gaps currently exist. This review focuses …

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[Review Of The Book Successes In Anti-Poverty], Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

[Review Of The Book Successes In Anti-Poverty], Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] Michael Lipton has devoted a long career to studying and fighting poverty in the developing world. In this volume he talks about how to make anti-poverty programs work.

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Asset Poverty In Urban China: A Study Using The 2002 Chinese Household Income Project, Jin Huang, Minchao Jin, Suo Deng, Baorong Guo, Li Zou, Michael Sherraden Nov 2011

Asset Poverty In Urban China: A Study Using The 2002 Chinese Household Income Project, Jin Huang, Minchao Jin, Suo Deng, Baorong Guo, Li Zou, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Defining asset poverty as insufficiency of assets to satisfy household basic needs for a limited period of time, the study examines asset poverty rates in urban China using the 2002 survey data from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP). We find that asset poverty rates in urban China are lower than those of developed countries, in part due to Chinese households’ strong commitment to precautionary savings and the low poverty standards. However, the liquid asset poverty rate is five times that of the income poverty rate in urban China. Notably, the asset-poverty-gap ratio shows that most households in asset poverty …

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[Review Of The Book Resources, Values And Development], Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

[Review Of The Book Resources, Values And Development], Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] Sen will not let us forget that development economics is a branch of social science. I expect that he will contribute as much to it in the future as he has in the past. For those wishing to join in the study of these issues, Resources, Values and Development would be an excellent place to start.

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Who Benefits From Economic Development? - A Reexamination Of Brazilian Growth In The 1960'S, Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

Who Benefits From Economic Development? - A Reexamination Of Brazilian Growth In The 1960'S, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] The purpose of this paper is to reexamine one of these two challenges, namely, the distributional impact of Brazilian economic growth during the 1960's. My results lead to a quite different interpretation from the conventional one. I will show that the poor in Brazil did participate in the rapid economic growth of the decade. Estimates presented below indicate that average real incomes among families defined as poor by Brazilian standards increased by as much as 60 percent while the comparable figure for nonpoor families is around 25 percent. However, since nonpoor families receive incomes which are much greater than …

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[Review Of The Book Income Distribution In Less Developed Countries], Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

[Review Of The Book Income Distribution In Less Developed Countries], Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] This book by R. M. Sundrum, a professor at the Australian National University and former director of the World Bank, is a compilation of issues, ideas, and data on income distribution in less developed countries (LDCs). Each chapter or section has something meaningful to say, and for this reason the book bears careful study. However, no overarching theme or approach is apparent, so the reader is likely to come away with numerous small lessons about distribution and development but few larger conclusions.

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[Review Of The Book The Distribution And Redistribution Of Income: A Mathematical Analysis], Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

[Review Of The Book The Distribution And Redistribution Of Income: A Mathematical Analysis], Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] This book seeks "to bring together, in a single body, the many strands of formal analysis of income distribution and redistribution which have developed since the beginning of the 1970s" (p. ix). It does this beautifully. Peter Lambert has produced an eminently readable and instructive volume, suitable for researchers, practitioners, and students alike.

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Who Benefits From Economic Development? Reply, Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

Who Benefits From Economic Development? Reply, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] Before the appearance of my 1977 paper in this Review, it was widely thought that the income distribution worsened during the economic growth which took place in Brazil during the 1960's. My paper demonstrated that the familiar data, when analyzed from an absolute perspective, could show that the poor had benefited from growth. I found that the entire income distribution shifted, benefiting every income class; that the proportion of the economically active population with incomes below the poverty level (as defined by Brazilian standards) declined during the decade; that those who remained poor were less poor than before in …

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The Potential Role Of An Employment Guarantee Scheme In Korea's Social Safety Net, Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

The Potential Role Of An Employment Guarantee Scheme In Korea's Social Safety Net, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] Beginning in November 1997, the Republic of Korea underwent a devastating economic crisis. Declining macroeconomic conditions brought about major labor market disruptions in 1998: a quadrupling of unemployment, a fall of 9% in real wages, informalization of the remaining jobs, increased job insecurity, and rising poverty and inequality. Disadvantaged groups suffered a disproportionate impact. The result was not only economic misery but also social pain: increased homelessness, rising crime, heightened school dropouts, an accelerating divorce rate, and an overwhelming sense of social malaise. 1999 marked a major turnaround for Korea. GDP grew by 10.7%, and real wages are growing …

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Assessing Progress Toward Greater Equality Of Income Distribution, Gary S. Fields Nov 2011

Assessing Progress Toward Greater Equality Of Income Distribution, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] Income distribution is only one indicator of economic well-being useful in gauging improvements in the economic position of the poor; change in income distribution, appropriately conceived and measured, is as good a criterion as any for assessing progress toward the alleviation of poverty. Income is intimately bound up with a family's command over economic resources. Rising modern-sector employment or reduced infant mortality might be suggestive of improvements in the economic position of the poor; gains in real income among low-income groups provide direct evidence that poverty is being alleviated. This chapter answers the following questions: What are the strengths …

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Household Food Insecurity And U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development Federal Housing Assistance, Veronica E. Helms, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Regina Gray, Debra L. Brucker Nov 2011

Household Food Insecurity And U.S. Department Of Housing And Urban Development Federal Housing Assistance, Veronica E. Helms, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Regina Gray, Debra L. Brucker

Institute on Disability

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides housing rental assistance to more than 4.5 million low-income households. Using health survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to Federal housing administrative data, household food insecurity was assessed among adults receiving housing assistance at the time of their NHIS interview during 2011 and 2012 (n=2,089). Food-insecure households had difficulty at times providing adequate food for all their members due to limited resources. Among NHIS adult respondents receiving HUD assistance, 37.2 percent reported household food insecurity (including low and very low food security), while 19.1 percent experienced …

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A Dream Deferred, Ruth-Arlene W Howe Oct 2011

A Dream Deferred, Ruth-Arlene W Howe

Ruth-Arlene W. Howe

Presentation at the MLK Annual Unity Breakfast, Boston College, January 19, 2005.

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The Four Pillars Of Successful Land Reform: Can Revolutionary Nepal Stand Up?, Ravi Bhandari, Alex Linghorn Oct 2011

The Four Pillars Of Successful Land Reform: Can Revolutionary Nepal Stand Up?, Ravi Bhandari, Alex Linghorn

Himalayan Policy Research Conference

The continued failure of land reform has been one of the most contentious issues in the political economy of Nepal for over half-a-century. Civil war (1996-2006) ended with cross-party commitments to implement ‘scientific’ land reform and end feudalism, putting the issue firmly back in the spotlight. Moving beyond traditional land reform debates this paper determines whether the necessary foundations are in place to provide a platform for successful pro-poor redistributive reform. Through the analytical lens of Borras and McKinley’s (2006) ‘4 Pillars’ paradigm, Nepal is assessed vis-à-vis the four fundamental elements of contemporary state-society driven redistributive reform: a beneficiaries-led movement, …

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Education And Income Distribution In Developing Countries: A Review Of The Literature, Gary S. Fields Oct 2011

Education And Income Distribution In Developing Countries: A Review Of The Literature, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] This paper is a survey of the available literature on education and income distribution in developing countries. Education may affect the distribution of income in a variety of ways: by raising the level of income; by changing, for better or worse, the dispersion of income; by opening up new opportunities for the children of the poor and thereby serving as a vehicle for social mobility and/or, by limiting participation to the children of the well-to-do, transmitting intergenerational inequality; by offering greater access to favored segments of the population (boys, city-dwellers, certain racial groups); by rewarding differently the education received …

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Results And Recommendations Of Water And Wastewater Affordability Study, Ryan A. Breisach, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts Oct 2011

Results And Recommendations Of Water And Wastewater Affordability Study, Ryan A. Breisach, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Poverty Changes In Developing Countries, Gary S. Fields Oct 2011

Poverty Changes In Developing Countries, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] This chapter is concerned with measuring how the extent of poverty changes in a country over time. 'Poverty', as the term is used here, denotes the inability of an individual or a family to command sufficient resources to satisfy basic needs. The poverty line is a constant real amount below which people are said to be poor. The extent of poverty in a country is then based on variables such as the number who are poor and the extent of their resource shortfall. This chapter treats three topics: how poverty is defined, how much poverty there is, and how …

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Poverty Measures And Anti-Poverty Policy, Francois Bourguignon, Gary S. Fields Oct 2011

Poverty Measures And Anti-Poverty Policy, Francois Bourguignon, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] Amartya Sen has made fundamental contributions to the study of distributional aspects of economic growth and decline. Among his pathbreaking works are his lectures on the economics of inequality (Sen, 1973), his article on the axiomatics of poverty measurement (Sen, 1976), and his book on anti-poverty policy in the context of famines (Sen, 1981). This paper is concerned with one of these areas, namely, the measurement of poverty and the implications for anti-poverty policy. In the 1960's and 1970's those who were working in the poverty field held a number of somewhat incompletely articulated views as to the extent …

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Implications Of Economic Growth On Poverty Levels In Putin’S Russia, 2000-2008., Sergey Maltsev Oct 2011

Implications Of Economic Growth On Poverty Levels In Putin’S Russia, 2000-2008., Sergey Maltsev

Undergraduate Economic Review

Devastating economic performance of the first years of Russia’s transition seemed to have reversed since the beginning of Vladimir Putin’s presidency. This work investigates whether the economic growth which occurred in Russia between 2000 and 2008 benefited all and the poor in particular. With the panel data from Rosstat we commence OLS, Fixed Effect and Random Effect regressions to find significant evidence that economic growth of the analysed period was pro-poor, however it was also associated with rising income inequality. Besides, we find that economic growth accounted for little variation in some other indicators of social welfare (education, housing, healthcare).

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Trade Strategies And The Poor: Adjusting To New Realities, Gary S. Fields Oct 2011

Trade Strategies And The Poor: Adjusting To New Realities, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] The major policy issue examined in this paper is that of a country's choice of a trade strategy in the context of helping the poor. As the end of the 1980s approaches, developing countries face a much more difficult economic situation than that which they confronted at the end of the 1970s. The paper begins by reviewing these new realities and the need for adjusting to them. After mentioning some non-policies, I proceed to consider both successful and unsuccessful country experiences and draw lessons from them. One policy singled out for special attention is wage policy and its interaction …

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Family Income, Parent Education, And Perceived Constraints As Predictors Of Observed Program Quality And Parent Rated Program Quality, Julia C. Torquati, Helen Raikes, Catherine Huddleston-Casas, James A. Bovaird, Beatrice A. Harris Oct 2011

Family Income, Parent Education, And Perceived Constraints As Predictors Of Observed Program Quality And Parent Rated Program Quality, Julia C. Torquati, Helen Raikes, Catherine Huddleston-Casas, James A. Bovaird, Beatrice A. Harris

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

Observed child care quality and parent perceptions of child care quality received by children in poor (below Federal Poverty Line, FPL), low-income (between FPL and 200% of FPL), and non-low-income families were examined. Observations were completed in 359 center- and home-based child care programs in four Midwestern states and surveys were received from 1313 parents whose children were enrolled in these programs. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that programs with higher proportions of low-income families tend to have lower observed quality than programs with a higher proportion of non-low-income families. Programs with more educated parents tended to have better observed …

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Putting A Face On The Facts, Mark Volkers Oct 2011

Putting A Face On The Facts, Mark Volkers

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Dordt College film professor and students work on a documentary on people living in poverty. It's called "The Fourth World".

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Human Trafficking For The Purpose Of Sexual Exploitation Within The United States And Denver Colorado, Jennifer E. Templeton Oct 2011

Human Trafficking For The Purpose Of Sexual Exploitation Within The United States And Denver Colorado, Jennifer E. Templeton

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The topic of human trafficking is not a new concept to the majority of individuals involved in any aspect of criminology. Human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, including prostitution, is dramatically increasing in the number of incidents opened for investigation since 2000; the increased public interest in the various elements of the sex industry only add to this problem. Human trafficking within the United States (U.S.) is not a new concept however; diminutive amounts of research as a whole have been conducted in and around the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area. This research project aimed to answer: whether experts …

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