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High-Speed Digital And Mixed-Signal Components For X– And Ku–Band Direct Digital Synthesizers In Indium Phosphide Dhbt Technology, Steven Eugene Turner
High-Speed Digital And Mixed-Signal Components For X– And Ku–Band Direct Digital Synthesizers In Indium Phosphide Dhbt Technology, Steven Eugene Turner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recently reported double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) devices manufactured in Indium Phosphide (InP) technology with ft and fmax both over 300 GHz enable advanced high-speed digital and mixed-signal circuits. In this thesis, the use of InP DHBT devices for high-speed accumulator circuits and X– and Ku–band direct digital synthesizer (DDS) circuits are investigated. At these frequencies, new technological challenges in the design of digital and mixed-signal circuits arise in areas including power consumption and clock distribution. This thesis addresses the speed/power tradeoffs in high-speed accumulator designs, the design of DDS circuits, and clock distribution simulation. The results of six accumulator …
Initial In Vitro And In Vivo Characterization Of A Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Assist System., Jeffrey Michael Colyer
Initial In Vitro And In Vivo Characterization Of A Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Assist System., Jeffrey Michael Colyer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Historically in the area of pediatric heart failure, few options have been available that are specifically designed to provide pediatric circulatory support. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) was the traditional method of choice, providing cardiopulmonary support (CPS) for a relatively short time of 3-7 days. The pediatric cardiopulmonary assist system (pCAS) examined in this paper is designed to be able to provide left ventricular assist (LVA), right ventricular assist (RVA), or cardiopulmonary assist to a pediatric patient for a period of 30 days, with the option of device replacement if needed. A specially designed controller allows for both continuous and pulsatile …
Electrical Properties Of Reactive Magnetron Sputtered Vanadium Oxide Thin Films, Vu Huynh Lam
Electrical Properties Of Reactive Magnetron Sputtered Vanadium Oxide Thin Films, Vu Huynh Lam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It is well known that vanadium oxide can take many different forms. However for this study, only the amorphous phase was investigated. Amorphous vanadium oxide (VOx) thin films were deposited on thermally grown silicon dioxide by DC magnetron sputtering using a vanadium metal target in an argon / oxygen atmosphere. The driving force of this study was to investigate the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and low resistivity in the amorphous films. Sheet resistance is very sensitive to small changes in temperature, making amorphous VOx very attractive to thermal sensor applications such as infrared detectors. To form the vanadium oxide, …
Measuring Optical Turbulence Parameters With A Three-Aperture Receiver, David Wayne
Measuring Optical Turbulence Parameters With A Three-Aperture Receiver, David Wayne
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis discusses methods to measure several atmospheric parameters related to turbulence. Techniques used by two different scintillometers based on weak turbulence theory are discussed along with a method to estimate the inner scale developed by Hill. The theory and minimization algorithm used to infer the atmospheric parameters are discussed. The main focus is on the analysis and collection of experimental data with a three-aperture receiver system. Intensity fluctuations from a CW laser source are collected over a 1km path with three different receiving apertures. The scintillation index is found for each receiving aperture and recently developed theory for all …
Analyis Of Airborne Microwave Polarimetric Radiometer Measurements In The Presence Of Dynamic Platform Attitude Errors, Jean Yves Kabore
Analyis Of Airborne Microwave Polarimetric Radiometer Measurements In The Presence Of Dynamic Platform Attitude Errors, Jean Yves Kabore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There are numerous applications for airborne imaging systems in remote sensing, and this thesis deals with a new microwave polarimetric radiometer technique for inferring ocean surface wind direction [3, 5, 7]. This technique is based upon the anisotropy of the polarized ocean blackbody emissions at microwave frequencies relative to the azimuth angle between the microwave radiometer antenna "look" direction and the direction of the wind. Because of the weak wind direction signature, it is important that all systematic brightness temperature (Tb) errors be eliminated, especially those that vary with the radiometer antenna scan position (look direction). This can be accomplished …
Radiation Studies Of The Tin-Doped Microscopic Droplet Laser Plasma Light Source Specific To Euv Lithography, Chiew-Seng Koay
Radiation Studies Of The Tin-Doped Microscopic Droplet Laser Plasma Light Source Specific To Euv Lithography, Chiew-Seng Koay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Extreme ultraviolet lithography(EUVL) is being developed worldwide as the next generation technology to be inserted in ~ 2009 for the mass production of IC chips with feature sizes <35 nm. One major challenge to its implementation is the development of a 13.5 nm EUV source of radiation that meets the requirements of current roadmap designs of the source of illumination in commercial EUVL scanners. The light source must be debris-free, in a free-space environment with the imaging EUV optics that must provide sufficient, narrow spectral band EUV power to print 100 wafers/hr. To meet this need, extensive studies on emission from a laser plasma source utilizing tin-doped droplet target was conducted. Presented in this work, are the many optical techniques such as spectroscopy, radiometry, and imaging, that were employed to characterize and optimize emission from the laser plasma source State of the art EUV spectrographs were employed to observe the source's spectrum under various laser irradiation conditions. Comparing the experimental spectra to those from theory, has allowed the determination of the Sn ion stages responsible for emitting into the useful EUV bandwidth. Experimental results were compared to spectral simulations obtained using Collisional-Radiative Equilibrium (CRE) model, as well. Moreover, extensive measurements surveying source emission from 2 nm to 30 nm, which is the region of the electromagnetic spectrum defined as EUV, was accomplished. Absolutely calibrated metrology was employed with the Flying Circus instrument from which the source's conversion efficiency (CE)--from laser to the useful EUV energy--was characterized under various laser irradiation conditions. Hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma expansion together with the CRE model predicted the condition at which optimum conversion could be attained. The condition was demonstrated experimentally, with the highest CE to be slightly above 2%, which is the highest value among all EUV source contenders. In addition to laser intensity, the CE was found to depend on the laser wavelength. For better understanding, this observation is compared to results from simulations. Through a novel approach in imaging, the size of the plasma was characterized by recording images of the plasma within a narrow band, around 13.5 nm. The size, approximately 100 ìm, is safely within the etendue limit set by the optical elements in the EUV scanner. Finally, the notion of irradiating the target with multiple laser beams was explored for the possibility of improving the source's conversion efficiency.
Polarimetry Of Random Fields, Jeremy Ellis
Polarimetry Of Random Fields, Jeremy Ellis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
On temporal, spatial and spectral scales which are small enough, all fields are fully polarized. In the optical regime, however, instantaneous fields can rarely be examined, and, instead, only average quantities are accessible. The study of polarimetry is concerned with both the description of electromagnetic fields and the characterization of media a field has interacted with. The polarimetric information is conventionally presented in terms of second order field correlations which are averaged over the ensemble of field realizations. Motivated by the deficiencies of classical polarimetry in dealing with specific practical situations, this dissertation expands the traditional polarimetric approaches to include …
Demonstrating Reflectarray Behavior At Infrared, James Ginn
Demonstrating Reflectarray Behavior At Infrared, James Ginn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reflectarrays are traditionally passive, planar microstrip antenna devices designed for reflected phase manipulation at each individual antenna element making up the array. By varying the phase response across the surface with the antenna elements, reflectarrays allows a planar surface to exhibit electromagnetically an arbitrary geometry, such as a spherical surface. Initially proposed as a low-cost replacement for bulky parabolic reflectors, reflectarrays have been successfully developed and utilized at both RF and millimeter-wave frequencies. From the standpoint of an optical systems designer, adapting low-frequency reflectarray technology to develop a sub-millimeter and infrared reflectarray (SMIR) would provide a highly desirable alternative to …
Synchronization In Advanced Optical Communications, Inwoong Kim
Synchronization In Advanced Optical Communications, Inwoong Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this dissertation is to generate high power ultrashort optical pulses from an all-semiconductor mode-locked laser system. The limitations of semiconductor optical amplifier in high energy, ultrashort pulse amplification are reviewed. A method to overcome the fundamental limit of small stored energy inside semiconductor optical amplifier called "eXtreme Chirped Pulse Amplification (X-CPA)" is proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally. The key benefits of the concept of X-CPA are addressed. Based on theoretical and experimental study, an all-semiconductor mode-locked X-CPA system consisting of a mode-locked master oscillator, an optical pulse pre-stretcher, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) pulse picker, an …
High Speed Turbo Tcm Ofdm For Uwb And Powerline System, Yanxia Wang
High Speed Turbo Tcm Ofdm For Uwb And Powerline System, Yanxia Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation (TTCM) is an attractive scheme for higher data rate transmission, since it combines the impressive near Shannon limit error correcting ability of turbo codes with the high spectral efficiency property of TCM codes. We build a punctured parity-concatenated trellis codes in which a TCM code is used as the inner code and a simple parity-check code is used as the outer code. It can be constructed by simple repetition, interleavers, and TCM and functions as standard TTCM but with much lower complexity regarding real world implementation. An iterative bit MAP decoding algorithm is associated with the coding …
Design And Characterization Of Noveldevices For New Generation Of Electrostaticdischarge (Esd) Protection Structures, Javier Salcedo
Design And Characterization Of Noveldevices For New Generation Of Electrostaticdischarge (Esd) Protection Structures, Javier Salcedo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The technology evolution and complexity of new circuit applications involve emerging reliability problems and even more sensitivity of integrated circuits (ICs) to electrostatic discharge (ESD)-induced damage. Regardless of the aggressive evolution in downscaling and subsequent improvement in applications' performance, ICs still should comply with minimum standards of ESD robustness in order to be commercially viable. Although the topic of ESD has received attention industry-wide, the design of robust protection structures and circuits remains challenging because ESD failure mechanisms continue to become more acute and design windows less flexible. The sensitivity of smaller devices, along with a limited understanding of the …
Integrated Inp Photonic Switches, Daniel May-Arrioja
Integrated Inp Photonic Switches, Daniel May-Arrioja
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Photonic switches are becoming key components in advanced optical networks because of the large variety of applications that they can perform. One of the key advantages of photonic switches is that they redirect or convert light without having to make any optical to electronic conversions and vice versa, thus allowing networking functions to be lowered into the optical layer. InP-based switches are particularly attractive because of their small size, low electrical power consumption, and compatibility with integration of laser sources, photo-detectors, and electronic components. In this dissertation the development of integrated InP photonic switches using an area-selective zinc diffusion process …
Experimental Techniques For Nonlinear Material Characterization: A Nonlinear Spectrometer Using A White-Light Continuum Z-Scan, Mihaela Balu
Experimental Techniques For Nonlinear Material Characterization: A Nonlinear Spectrometer Using A White-Light Continuum Z-Scan, Mihaela Balu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main goal of this dissertation is to introduce and demonstrate a new method for the rapid determination of the nonlinear absorption spectra and the dispersion of the nonlinear refraction of optical materials in the visible and near IR spectral regions. However, conventional methods like, white-light continuum pump-probe and Z-scan techniques were used to measure the peak 2PA cross-sections for a number of commercially available photoinitiators. In the new method mentioned above, a high energy, broadband femtosecond white-light continuum is used to replace the single wavelength source conventionally used in a Z-scan experiment. In a Z-scan experiment, the transmittance of …
Polarization-Independent Liquid Crystal Devices, Yi-Hsin Lin
Polarization-Independent Liquid Crystal Devices, Yi-Hsin Lin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Liquid crystal (LC) devices can be operated as amplitude modulators and phase modulators. LC amplitude modulation is commonly used in liquid crystal display (LCD) while phase-only modulation is useful for laser beam steering, tunable grating, prism, lens, and other photonic devices. Most LC devices are polarization dependent and require at least one polarizer. As a result, the optical efficiency is low. To enhance display brightness, a power hungry backlight has to be used leading to a high power consumption and short battery life. In a LC phase modulator, the polarization dependent property complicates the laser beam steering system. It is …
Rf Low Pass Filter Design And Fabrication Using Integrated Passive Device Technology, Heli Li
Rf Low Pass Filter Design And Fabrication Using Integrated Passive Device Technology, Heli Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, the whole process of design a low pass filter (LPF) for the wireless communication application has been presented. Integrated passive device technology based on GaAs substrate has been utilized to make the LPF. Schematic simulation and electromagnetic simulations are extensively used in the design process. EM simulation is used in the selection of layout design and processing parameters for design optimization of both the inductors and IPD harmonic filters. The effective use of EM simulation enables us to realize the successful development of high performance harmonic filters. To make the optimization be more flexible and also for …
An Improved Microwave Radiative Transfer Model For Ocean Emissivity At Hurricane Force Surface Wind Speed, Salem El-Nimri
An Improved Microwave Radiative Transfer Model For Ocean Emissivity At Hurricane Force Surface Wind Speed, Salem El-Nimri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An electromagnetic model for predicting the microwave blackbody emission from the ocean surface under the forcing of strong surface winds in hurricanes is being developed. This ocean emissivity model will be incorporated into a larger radiative transfer model used to infer ocean surface wind speed and rain rate in hurricanes from remotely sensed radiometric brightness temperature. The model development is based on measurements obtained with the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR), which routinely flys on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's hurricane hunter aircraft. This thesis presents the methods used in the wind speed model development and validation results for …
Hurricane Wind Speed And Rain Rate Retrieval Algorithm For The Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, Ruba Amarin
Hurricane Wind Speed And Rain Rate Retrieval Algorithm For The Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, Ruba Amarin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents the development and validation of the Hurricane Imaging Retrieval Algorithm (HIRA) for the measurement of oceanic surface wind speed and rain rate in hurricanes. The HIRA is designed to process airborne microwave brightness temperatures from the NOAA, Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR), which routinely collects data during NOAA hurricane hunter aircraft flights. SFMR measures wind speeds and rain rates at nadir only, but HIRA will soon be integrated with an improved surface wind speed model for expanded utilization with next generation microwave hurricane imagers, such as the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRad). HIRad will expand the nadir only …
Wide Viewing Angle Liquid Crystal Displays, Qi Hong
Wide Viewing Angle Liquid Crystal Displays, Qi Hong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, novel phase compensation technologies are applied to the designs of wide viewing angle and high transmittance liquid crystal displays. First, a design of wide viewing angle liquid crystal displays utilizing crossed linear polarizers is proposed. The designed multi-domain vertical-alignment liquid crystal display predicts superb contrast ratio over wide viewing angles. Next, to increase the bright state transmittance while maintain the high contrast. Finally, to reduce the cost and improve the applicability of the broadband and wide-view circular polarizer, the device configuration of the broadband and wide-view circular polarizer is significantly simplified by the application of biaxial compensation …
On The Use Of Variable Coherence In Inverse Scattering Problems, Erwan Baleine
On The Use Of Variable Coherence In Inverse Scattering Problems, Erwan Baleine
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Even though most of the properties of optical fields, such as wavelength, polarization, wavefront curvature or angular spectrum, have been commonly manipulated in a variety of remote sensing procedures, controlling the degree of coherence of light did not find wide applications until recently. Since the emergence of optical coherence tomography, a growing number of scattering techniques have relied on temporal coherence gating which provides efficient target selectivity in a way achieved only by bulky short pulse measurements. The spatial counterpart of temporal coherence, however, has barely been exploited in sensing applications. This dissertation examines, in different scattering regimes, a variety …
Finite Element Method Modeling Of Advanced Electronic Devices, Yupeng Chen
Finite Element Method Modeling Of Advanced Electronic Devices, Yupeng Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we use finite element method together with other numerical techniques to study advanced electron devices. We study the radiation properties in electron waveguide structure with multi-step discontinuities and soft wall lateral confinement. Radiation mechanism and conditions are examined by numerical simulation of dispersion relations and transport properties. The study of geometry variations shows its significant impact on the radiation intensity and direction. In particular, the periodic corrugation structure exhibits strong directional radiation. This interesting feature may be useful to design a nano-scale transmitter, a communication device for future nano-scale system. Non-quasi-static effects in AC characteristics of carbon …
Ultrashort, High Power, And Ultralow Noise Mode-Locked Optical Pulse Generation Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Lasers, Myoung-Taek Choi
Ultrashort, High Power, And Ultralow Noise Mode-Locked Optical Pulse Generation Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Lasers, Myoung-Taek Choi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores various aspects and potential of optical pulse generation based on active, passive, and hybrid mode-locked quantum dot semiconductor lasers with target applications such as optical interconnect and high speed signal processing. Design guidelines are developed for the single mode operation with suppressed reflection from waveguide discontinuities. The device fabrication procedure is explained, followed by characteristics of FP laser, SOA, and monolithic two-section devices. Short pulse generation from an external cavity mode-locked QD two-section diode laser is studied. High quality, sub-picosecond (960 fs), high peak power (1.2 W) pulse trains are obtained. The sign and magnitude of pulse …
Design And Optimization Of Nano-Optical Elements By Coupling Fabrication To Optical Behavior, Raymond Rumpf
Design And Optimization Of Nano-Optical Elements By Coupling Fabrication To Optical Behavior, Raymond Rumpf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Photonic crystals and nanophotonics have received a great deal of attention over the last decade, largely due to improved numerical modeling and advances in fabrication technologies. To this day, fabrication and optical behavior remain decoupled during the design phase and numerous assumptions are made about "perfect" geometry. As research moves from theory to real devices, predicting device behavior based on realistic geometry becomes critical. In this dissertation, a set of numerical tools was developed to model micro and nano fabrication processes. They were combined with equally capable tools to model optical performance of the simulated structures. Using these tools, it …
Probing Random Media With Singular Waves, Chaim Schwartz
Probing Random Media With Singular Waves, Chaim Schwartz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years a resurgence of interest in wave singularities (of which optical vortices are a prominent example), light angular momentum and the relations between them has occurred. Many applications in various areas of linear and non-linear optics have been based on studying effects related to angular momentum and optical vortices. This dissertation examines the use of such wave singularities for studying the light propagation in highly inhomogeneous media and the relationship to angular momentum transfer. Angular momentum carried by light can be, in many cases, divided in two terms. The first one relates to the polarization of light and …
Chemical And Biological Treatment Of Mature Landfill Leachate, Eyad Batarseh
Chemical And Biological Treatment Of Mature Landfill Leachate, Eyad Batarseh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The challenges imposed on Voltage Regulator Modules (VRM) become difficult to be achieved with the conventional multiphase buck converter commonly used on PC motherboards. For faster data transfer, a decrease in the output voltage is needed. This decrease causes small duty cycle that is accompanied by critical problems which impairs the efficiency. Therefore, these problems need to be addressed. Transformer-based non-isolated topologies are not new approaches to extend the duty cycle and avoid the associated drawbacks. High leakage, several added components and complicated driving and control schemes are some of the trade-offs to expand the duty cycle. The objective of …
Dsp Implementation Of Dc Voltage Regulation Using Adaptive Control For 200 Kw 62000 Rpm Induction Generator, Othman Elkhomri
Dsp Implementation Of Dc Voltage Regulation Using Adaptive Control For 200 Kw 62000 Rpm Induction Generator, Othman Elkhomri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The thesis discusses the development of closed loop system to control the DC voltage for 200 kW induction generator rated at a speed of 62000 RPM under different load conditions. The voltage regulation has been implemented using PI controller. A gain scheduling control algorithm has been developed to select the appropriate controller gains with respect to the generator load. Further, a relationship between the generator loads and the controller gains has been established. This relationship has been modeled using adaptive control technique to vary the gains automatically at any load condition. The adaptive control technique has been successfully generalized for …
Hurricane Wind Retrieval Algorithm Development For An Airborne Conical Scanning Scatterometer, Santhosh Vasudevan
Hurricane Wind Retrieval Algorithm Development For An Airborne Conical Scanning Scatterometer, Santhosh Vasudevan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reliable ocean wind vector measurements can be obtained using active microwave remote sensing (scatterometry) techniques. With the increase in the number of severe hurricanes making landfall in the United States, there is increased emphasis on operational monitoring of hurricane winds from aircraft. This thesis presents a data processing algorithm to provide real-time hurricane wind vector retrievals (wind speed and direction) from conically scanning airborne microwave scatterometer measurements of ocean surface backscatter. The algorithm is developed to best suit the specifications for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division's airborne scatterometer Integrated Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler …
Pipelining Of Double Precision Floating Point Division And Square Root Operations On Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Anuja Thakkar
Pipelining Of Double Precision Floating Point Division And Square Root Operations On Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Anuja Thakkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many space applications, such as vision-based systems, synthetic aperture radar, and radar altimetry rely increasingly on high data rate DSP algorithms. These algorithms use double precision floating point arithmetic operations. While most DSP applications can be executed on DSP processors, the DSP numerical requirements of these new space applications surpass by far the numerical capabilities of many current DSP processors. Since the tradition in DSP processing has been to use fixed point number representation, only recently have DSP processors begun to incorporate floating point arithmetic units, even though most of these units handle only single precision floating point addition/subtraction, multiplication, …
A Third-Order Differential Steering Robot And Trajectory Generation In The Presence Of Moving Obstacles, Vatana An
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, four robots will be used to implement a collision-free trajectory planning/replanning algorithm. The existence of a chained form transformation so that the robot's model can be control in canonical form will be analyzed and proved. A trajectory generation for obstacles avoidance will be derived, simulated, and implemented. A specific PC based control algorithm will be developed. Chapter two describes two wheels differential drive robot modeling and existence of controllable canonical chained form. Chapter 3 describes criterion for avoiding dynamic objects, a feasible collision-free trajectory parameterization, and solution to steering velocity. Chapter 4 describes robot implementation, pc wireless …
Heuristic 3d Reconstruction Of Irregular Spaced Lidar, Nicholas Shorter
Heuristic 3d Reconstruction Of Irregular Spaced Lidar, Nicholas Shorter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As more data sources have become abundantly available, an increased interest in 3D reconstruction has emerged in the image processing academic community. Applications for 3D reconstruction of urban and residential buildings consist of urban planning, network planning for mobile communication, tourism information systems, spatial analysis of air pollution and noise nuisance, microclimate investigations, and Geographical Information Systems (GISs). Previous, classical, 3D reconstruction algorithms solely utilized aerial photography. With the advent of LIDAR systems, current algorithms explore using captured LIDAR data as an additional feasible source of information for 3D reconstruction. Preprocessing techniques are proposed for the development of an autonomous …
External Cavity Multiwavelength Semiconductor Mode-Locked Laser Gain Dynamics, Luis Archundia-Berra
External Cavity Multiwavelength Semiconductor Mode-Locked Laser Gain Dynamics, Luis Archundia-Berra
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
External cavity semiconductor mode-locked lasers can produce pulses of a few picoseconds. The pulses from these lasers are inherently chirped with a predominant linear chirp component that can be compensated resulting in sub-picosecond pulses. External cavity semiconductor mode-locked lasers can be configured as multiwavelength pulse sources and are good candidates for time and wavelength division multiplexing applications. The gain medium in external cavity semiconductor mode-locked lasers is a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), and passive and hybrid mode-locked operation are achieved by the introduction of a saturable absorber (SA) in the laser cavity. Pump-probe techniques were used to measure the intracavity …