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Articles 1 - 30 of 183
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Fractional-Period Excitations In Continuum Periodic Systems, H E. Nistazakis, Mason A. Porter, Pg Kevrekidis, Dj Frantzeskakis, N Nicolin, Jk Chin
Fractional-Period Excitations In Continuum Periodic Systems, H E. Nistazakis, Mason A. Porter, Pg Kevrekidis, Dj Frantzeskakis, N Nicolin, Jk Chin
Panos Kevrekidis
We investigate the generation of fractional-period states in continuum periodic systems. As an example, we consider a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an optical-lattice potential. We show that when the potential is turned on nonadiabatically, the system explores a number of transient states whose periodicity is a fraction of that of the lattice. We illustrate the origin of fractional-period states analytically by treating them as resonant states of a parametrically forced Duffing oscillator and discuss their transient nature and potential observability.
Sigma Exchange In The Nuclear Force And Effective Field Theory, John Donoghue
Sigma Exchange In The Nuclear Force And Effective Field Theory, John Donoghue
John Donoghue
In the phenomenological description of the nuclear interaction a crucial role is traditionally played by the exchange of a scalar I=0 meson, the sigma, of mass 500-600 MeV, which however is not seen clearly in the particle spectrum and which has a very ambiguous status in QCD. I show that a remarkably simple and reasonably controlled combination of ingredients can reproduce the features of this part of the nuclear force. The use of chiral perturbation theory calculations for two pion exchange supplemented by the Omnes function for pion rescattering suffices to reproduce the magnitude and shape of the exchange of …
Stability Of Discrete Solitons In The Presence Of Parametric Driving, H. Susanto, Q. E. Hoq, Panos Kevrekidis
Stability Of Discrete Solitons In The Presence Of Parametric Driving, H. Susanto, Q. E. Hoq, Panos Kevrekidis
Panos Kevrekidis
In this Brief Report, we consider parametrically driven bright solitons in the vicinity of the anticontinuum limit. We illustrate the mechanism through which these solitons become unstable due to the collision of the phase mode with the continuous spectrum, or eigenvalues bifurcating thereof. We show how this mechanism typically leads to complete destruction of the bright solitary wave.
Criticality For The Gehring Link Problem, Jason Cantarella, Joseph H.G. Fu, Robert Kusner, John M. Sullivan, Nancy C. Wrinkle
Criticality For The Gehring Link Problem, Jason Cantarella, Joseph H.G. Fu, Robert Kusner, John M. Sullivan, Nancy C. Wrinkle
Robert Kusner
In 1974, Gehring posed the problem of minimizing the length of two linked curves separated by unit distance. This constraint can be viewed as a measure of thickness for links, and the ratio of length over thickness as the ropelength. In this paper we refine Gehring’s problem to deal with links in a fixed link-homotopy class: we prove ropelength minimizers exist and introduce a theory of ropelength criticality.
Our balance criterion is a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for criticality, based on a strengthened, infinite-dimensional version of the Kuhn–Tucker theorem. We use this to prove that every critical link …
Enacting Technology In Networked Governance: Developmental Processes Of Cross-Agency Arrangements, Jane E. Fountain
Enacting Technology In Networked Governance: Developmental Processes Of Cross-Agency Arrangements, Jane E. Fountain
National Center for Digital Government
This paper discusses the technology enactment framework, an analytical framework to guide exploration and examination of information-based change in governments.1 The original technology enactment framework is extended in this paper to delineate the distinctive roles played by key actors in technology enactment. I then examine institutional change in government by drawing from current initiatives in the U.S. federal government to build cross-agency relationships and systems. The U.S. government is one of the first central states to undertake not only back office integration within the government but also integration of systems and processes across agencies. For this reason its experience during …
Vortex Matter, Effective Magnetic Charges, And Generalizations Of Dipolar Superfluidity Concept In Layered Systems, Egor Babaev
Vortex Matter, Effective Magnetic Charges, And Generalizations Of Dipolar Superfluidity Concept In Layered Systems, Egor Babaev
Egor Babaev
In the first part of this letter we discuss electrodynamics of an excitonic condensate in a bilayer. We show that under certain conditions the system has a dominant energy scale and is described by the effective electrodynamics with "planar magnetic charges". In the second part of the paper we point out that a vortex liquid state in bilayer superconductors also possesses dipolar superfluid modes and establish equivalence mapping between this state and a dipolar excitonic condensate. We point out that a vortex liquid state in an N-layer superconductor possesses multiple topologically coupled dipolar superfluid modes and therefore represents a generalization …
On A Notion Of Maps Between Orbifolds Ii. Homotopy And Cw-Complex, Weimin Chen Chen
On A Notion Of Maps Between Orbifolds Ii. Homotopy And Cw-Complex, Weimin Chen Chen
Weimin Chen
This is the second of a series of papers which are devoted to a comprehensive theory of maps between orbifolds. In this paper, we develop a basic machinery for studying homotopy classes of such maps. It contains two parts: (1) the construction of a set of algebraic invariants – the homotopy groups, and (2) an analog of CW-complex theory. As a corollary of this machinery, the classical Whitehead theorem which asserts that a weak homotopy equivalence is a homotopy equivalence is extended to the orbifold category.
Remarks On The Combinatorial Intersection Cohomology Of Fans, Tom Braden
Remarks On The Combinatorial Intersection Cohomology Of Fans, Tom Braden
Tom Braden
No abstract provided.
Icts And Political Accountability: An Assessment Of The Impact Of Digitization In Government On Political Accountability In Connecticut, Massachusetts And New York State, Albert Meijer
National Center for Digital Government
This report presents a first analysis of the results of empirical research into the impact of digitization on political accountability in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New York State. The report focuses on presenting the empirical findings and these data still require further analysis.
Radiationless Travelling Waves In Saturable Nonlinear Schrödinger Lattices, T. R. O. Melvin, A. R. Champneys, Panos Kevrekidis, J. Cuevas
Radiationless Travelling Waves In Saturable Nonlinear Schrödinger Lattices, T. R. O. Melvin, A. R. Champneys, Panos Kevrekidis, J. Cuevas
Panos Kevrekidis
The long-standing problem of moving discrete solitary waves in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices is revisited. The context is photorefractive crystal lattices with saturable nonlinearity whose grand-canonical energy barrier vanishes for isolated coupling strength values. Genuinely localized traveling waves are computed as a function of the system parameters for the first time. The relevant solutions exist only for finite velocities.
Statistical Models And Analysis Techniques For Learning In Relational Data, Jennifer Neville
Statistical Models And Analysis Techniques For Learning In Relational Data, Jennifer Neville
Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series
Many data sets routinely captured by organizations are relational in nature— from marketing and sales transactions, to scientific observations and medical records. Relational data record characteristics of heterogeneous objects and persistent relationships among those objects (e.g., citation graphs, the World Wide Web, genomic structures). These data offer unique opportunities to improve model accuracy, and thereby decision-making, if machine learning techniques can effectively exploit the relational information. This work focuses on how to learn accurate statistical models of complex, relational data sets and develops two novel probabilistic models to represent, learn, and reason about statistical dependencies in these data. Relational dependency …
The Renormalization Of The Energy-Momentum Tensor For An Effective Initial State, Hael Collins, R. Holman
The Renormalization Of The Energy-Momentum Tensor For An Effective Initial State, Hael Collins, R. Holman
Physics Department Faculty Publication Series
An effective description of an initial state is a method for representing the signatures of new physics in the short-distance structure of a quantum state. The expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor for a field in such a state contains new divergences that arise when summing over this new structure. These divergences occur only at the initial time at which the state is defined and therefore can be cancelled by including a set of purely geometric counterterms that also are confined to this initial surface. We describe this gravitational renormalization of the divergences in the energy-momentum tensor for a free …
The Nuclear Central Force In The Chiral Limit, John Donoghue
The Nuclear Central Force In The Chiral Limit, John Donoghue
John Donoghue
Chiral perturbation theory supplemented by the Omnes function is employed to study the strength of the isoscalar central nuclear interaction, G_S, in the chiral limit vs the physical case. A very large modification is seen, i.e. eta_s = G_S ~ chiral /G_S ~ physical = 1.37 +- 0.10 . This large effect is seen to arise dominantly at low energy from the extra contributions made by massless pions at energies near the physical threshold where the physical spectral function must vanish kinematically. The slope away from the chiral limit, d_S, is also calculated and is correspondingly large. I also explain …
On The Nondegeneracy Of Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Nick Korevaar, Robert Kusner, Jesse Ratzkin
On The Nondegeneracy Of Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Nick Korevaar, Robert Kusner, Jesse Ratzkin
Robert Kusner
We prove that many complete, noncompact, constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces $f:\Sigma \to \R^3$ are nondegenerate; that is, the Jacobi operator Δf+|Af|2 has no L2 kernel. In fact, if Σ has genus zero and f(Σ) is contained in a half-space, then we find an explicit upper bound for the dimension of the L2 kernel in terms of the number of non-cylindrical ends. Our main tool is a conjugation operation on Jacobi fields which linearizes the conjugate cousin construction. Consequences include partial regularity for CMC moduli space, a larger class of CMC surfaces to use in gluing constructions, and a surprising …
A Framework To Predict The Quality Of Answers With Nontextual, University Of Massachusetts Amherst
A Framework To Predict The Quality Of Answers With Nontextual, University Of Massachusetts Amherst
Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series
New types of document collections are being developed by various web services. The service providers keep track of non-textual features such as click counts. In this paper, we present a framework to use non-textual features to pre- dict the quality of documents. We also show our quality measure can be successfully incorporated into the language modeling-based retrieval model. We test our approach on a collection of question and answer pairs gathered from a community based question answering service where people ask and answer questions. Experimental results using our quality measure show a signi¯cant improvement over our baseline.
Undulated Cylinders Of Charged Diblock Copolymers, Gregory M. Grason, Christian Santangelo
Undulated Cylinders Of Charged Diblock Copolymers, Gregory M. Grason, Christian Santangelo
Christian Santangelo
We study the cylinder to sphere morphological transition of diblock copolymers in aqueous solution with a hydrophobic block and a charged block. We find a metastable undulated cylinder configuration for a range of charge and salt concentrations which, nevertheless, occurs above the threshold where spheres are thermodynamically favorable. By modeling the shape of the cylinder ends, we find that the free-energy barrier for the transition from cylinders to spheres is quite large and that this barrier falls significantly in the limit of high polymer charge and low solution salinity. This suggests that observed undulated cylinder phases are kinetically trapped structures.
Spectral Methods Based On Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions For Hyperbolic Pdes, Qian-Yong Chen, D. Gottlieb, J. S. Hesthaven
Spectral Methods Based On Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions For Hyperbolic Pdes, Qian-Yong Chen, D. Gottlieb, J. S. Hesthaven
Qian-Yong Chen
We examine the merits of using prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs) as basis functions when solving hyperbolic PDEs using pseudospectral methods. The relevant approximation theory is reviewed and some new approximation results in Sobolev spaces are established. An optimal choice of the band-limit parameter for PSWFs is derived for single-mode functions. Our conclusion is that one might gain from using the PSWFs over the traditional Chebyshev or Legendre methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency for marginally resolved broadband solutions.
Regression Analysis With Categorized Regression Calibrated Exposure: Some Interesting Findings, Ingvild Dalen, John Buonaccorsi, Petter Laake, Anette Hjartaker, Magne Thorese
Regression Analysis With Categorized Regression Calibrated Exposure: Some Interesting Findings, Ingvild Dalen, John Buonaccorsi, Petter Laake, Anette Hjartaker, Magne Thorese
John Buonaccorsi
Background: Regression calibration as a method for handling measurement error is becoming increasingly well-known and used in epidemiologic research. However, the standard version of the method is not appropriate for exposure analyzed on a categorical (e.g. quintile) scale, an approach commonly used in epidemiologic studies. A tempting solution could then be to use the predicted continuous exposure obtained through the regression calibration method and treat it as an approximation to the true exposure, that is, include the categorized calibrated exposure in the main regression analysis. Methods: We use semi-analytical calculations and simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach …
Quark And Lepton Masses And Mixing In The Landscape, John Donoghue, Koushik Dutta, Andreas Ross
Quark And Lepton Masses And Mixing In The Landscape, John Donoghue, Koushik Dutta, Andreas Ross
John Donoghue
Even if quark and lepton masses are not uniquely predicted by the fundamental theory, as may be the case in the string theory landscape, nevertheless their pattern may reveal features of the underlying theory. We use statistical techniques to show that the observed masses appear to be representative of a scale invariant distribution, rho(m) ~ 1/m. If we extend this distribution to include all the Yukawa couplings, we show that the resulting CKM matrix elements typically show a hierarchical pattern similar to observations. The Jarlskog invariant measuring the amount of CP violation is also well reproduced in magnitude. We also …
Smectic Liquid Crystals: Materials With One-Dimensional, Periodic Order, Randall D. Kamien, Christian Santangelo
Smectic Liquid Crystals: Materials With One-Dimensional, Periodic Order, Randall D. Kamien, Christian Santangelo
Christian Santangelo
Smectic liquid crystals are materials formed by stacking deformable, fluid layers. Although smectics prefer to have flat, uniformly-spaced layers, boundary conditions can impose curvature on the layers. Since the layer spacing and curvature are intertwined, the problem of finding minimal configurations for the layers becomes nontrivial. We discuss various topological and geometrical aspects of these materials and present recent progress on finding some exact layer configurations. We also exhibit connections to the study of certain embedded minimal surfaces and briefly summarize some important open problems.
Bibliometric Impact Measures Leveraging Topic Analysis, Gideon S. Mann
Bibliometric Impact Measures Leveraging Topic Analysis, Gideon S. Mann
Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series
Measurements of the impact and history of research literature provide a useful complement to scientific digital library collections. Bibliometric indicators have been extensively studied, mostly in the context of journals. However, journal-based metrics poorly capture topical distinctions in fast-moving fields, and are increasingly problematic with the rise of open-access publishing. Recent developments in latent topic models have produced promising results for automatic sub-field discovery. The fine-grained, faceted topics produced by such models provide a clearer view of the topical divisions of a body of research literature and the interactions between those divisions. We demonstrate the usefulness of topic models in …
A Hierarchical, Hmmbased Accuracy For A Digital Library Of Books, Shaolei Feng
A Hierarchical, Hmmbased Accuracy For A Digital Library Of Books, Shaolei Feng
Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series
A number of projects are creating searchable digital libraries of printed books. These include the Million Book Project, the Google Book project and similar efforts from Yahoo and Microsoft. Content-based on line book retrieval usually requires first converting printed text into machine readable (e.g. ASCII) text using an optical character recognition (OCR) engine and then doing full text search on the results. Many of these books are old and there are a variety of processing steps that are required to create an end to end system. Changing any step (including the scanning process) can affect OCR performance and hence a …
Bayesian Models For Pooling Microarray Studies With Multiple Sources Of Replications, Erin M. Conlon, Joon J. Song, Jun S. Liu
Bayesian Models For Pooling Microarray Studies With Multiple Sources Of Replications, Erin M. Conlon, Joon J. Song, Jun S. Liu
Erin M. Conlon
Background Biologists often conduct multiple but different cDNA microarray studies that all target the same biological system or pathway. Within each study, replicate slides within repeated identical experiments are often produced. Pooling information across studies can help more accurately identify true target genes. Here, we introduce a method to integrate multiple independent studies efficiently. Results We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical model to pool cDNA microarray data across multiple independent studies to identify highly expressed genes. Each study has multiple sources of variation, i.e. replicate slides within repeated identical experiments. Our model produces the gene-specific posterior probability of differential expression, which …
Decoupling Of The General Scalar Field Mode And The Solution Space For Bianchi Type I And V Cosmologies Coupled To Perfect Fluid Sources, T. Christodoulakis, Th. Grammenos, Ch. Helias, Panos Kevrekidis, A. Spanou
Decoupling Of The General Scalar Field Mode And The Solution Space For Bianchi Type I And V Cosmologies Coupled To Perfect Fluid Sources, T. Christodoulakis, Th. Grammenos, Ch. Helias, Panos Kevrekidis, A. Spanou
Panos Kevrekidis
The scalar field degree of freedom in Einstein’s plus matter field equations is decoupled for Bianchi type I and V general cosmological models. The source, apart from the minimally coupled scalar field with arbitrary potential V(Φ), is provided by a perfect fluid obeying a general equation of state p = p(ρ). The resulting ODE is, by an appropriate choice of final time gauge affiliated to the scalar field, reduced to first order, and then the system is completely integrated for arbitrary choices of the potential and the equation of state.
Manipulating Polar Ferromagnetism In Transition Metal Doped Zno: Why Manganese Is Different From Cobalt, Kevin R. Kittilstved, D. R. Gamelin
Manipulating Polar Ferromagnetism In Transition Metal Doped Zno: Why Manganese Is Different From Cobalt, Kevin R. Kittilstved, D. R. Gamelin
Kevin R. Kittilstved
High-temperature magnetic ordering in Mn2+- and Co2+-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors has been predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally to have different charge-carrier requirements. This paper summarizes some of these experimental and theoretical results and relates the different carrier polarity requirements for 300 K ferromagnetism in Mn2+:ZnO and Co2+:ZnO to differences in the charge-transfer electronic structures of these two materials.
Crystallographic–Magnetic Correlations In Single-Crystal Haemo-Ilmenite: New Evidence For Lamellar Magnetism, P. Robinson, F. Heidelbach, A. M. Hirt, S. A. Mcenroe, Laurie Brown
Crystallographic–Magnetic Correlations In Single-Crystal Haemo-Ilmenite: New Evidence For Lamellar Magnetism, P. Robinson, F. Heidelbach, A. M. Hirt, S. A. Mcenroe, Laurie Brown
Laurie Brown
17 single crystals were identified by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and isolated from coarse massive haemo-ilmenite ore from South Rogaland, Norway. These were studied using the EBSD results, natural remanent magnetization (NRM), and anisotropy ofmagnetic susceptibility (AMS), to gain a better understanding of angular relationships between crystallographic axes and magnetic properties of haemo-ilmenite in relation to lamellar magnetism. Electron microprobe analyses gave the following average end-member compositions for ilmenite host: 21.1 per cent MgTiO3, 73.7 FeTiO3, 0.5 MnTiO3, 4.3 Fe2O3, 0.2 Cr2O3 and 0.3 V2O3; and for the coarsest (∼3 μm) haematite exsolution lamellae: 3.5 MgTiO3, 22.4 FeTiO3, 71.4 Fe2O3, …
Proposal To The Ethics Education In Science And Engineering Program, National Science Foundation: Role-Play Scenarios For Teaching Responsible Conduct Of Research, Michael C. Loui, C. K. Gunsalus
Proposal To The Ethics Education In Science And Engineering Program, National Science Foundation: Role-Play Scenarios For Teaching Responsible Conduct Of Research, Michael C. Loui, C. K. Gunsalus
Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse
We propose to develop and assess role-play scenarios to teach central topics in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) to graduate students in science and engineering. Together the scenarios will cover plagiarism, authorship, conflict of interest, interpersonal conflicts in mentoring, and concerns about compliance with research regulations on human participants in research, animal subjects, or hazardous substances. Two scenarios will present potential whistleblowing situations.
Intellectual merit: Few previous studies have carefully assessed the effectiveness of role-play in teaching ethics. We will conduct a rigorous, systematic assessment of role-play, using multiple methods, with a diverse group of graduate students. We will …
Toric Modular Forms And Nonvanishing Of L-Functions, Lev A. Borisov, Paul E. Gunnells
Toric Modular Forms And Nonvanishing Of L-Functions, Lev A. Borisov, Paul E. Gunnells
Paul Gunnells
In a previous paper \cite{BorGunn}, we defined the space of toric forms $\TTT(l)$, and showed that it is a finitely generated subring of the holomorphic modular forms of integral weight on the congruence group Γ1(l). In this article we prove the following theorem: modulo Eisenstein series, the weight two toric forms coincide exactly with the vector space generated by all cusp eigenforms f such that L(f,1)≠0. The proof uses work of Merel, and involves an explicit computation of the intersection pairing on Manin symbols.
Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations Free Of The Peierls–Nabarro Potential, S V. Dmitriev, Pg Kevrekidis
Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations Free Of The Peierls–Nabarro Potential, S V. Dmitriev, Pg Kevrekidis
Mathematics and Statistics Department Faculty Publication Series
We derive a class of discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations for general polynomial nonlinearity whose stationary solutions can be found from a reduced two-point algebraic problem. It is demonstrated that the derived class of discretizations contains subclasses conserving classical norm or a modified norm and classical momentum. These equations are interesting from the physical standpoint since they support stationary discrete solitons free of the Peierls–Nabarro potential. Focusing on the cubic nonlinearity we then consider a small perturbation around stationary soliton solutions and, solving corresponding eigenvalue problem, we (i) demonstrate that solitons are stable; (ii) show that they have two additional …
Exact Static Solutions For Discrete Φ4 Models Free Of The Peierls-Nabarro Barrier: Discretized First-Integral Approach, S V. Dmitriev, Pg Kevrekidis
Exact Static Solutions For Discrete Φ4 Models Free Of The Peierls-Nabarro Barrier: Discretized First-Integral Approach, S V. Dmitriev, Pg Kevrekidis
Mathematics and Statistics Department Faculty Publication Series
We propose a generalization of the discrete Klein-Gordon models free of the Peierls-Nabarro barrier derived in Spreight [Nonlinearity 12, 1373 (1999)] and Barashenkov et al. [Phys. Rev. E 72, 035602(R) (2005)], such that they support not only kinks but a one-parameter set of exact static solutions. These solutions can be obtained iteratively from a two-point nonlinear map whose role is played by the discretized first integral of the static Klein-Gordon field, as suggested by Dmitriev et al. [J. Phys. A 38, 7617 (2005)]. We then discuss some discrete ϕ4 models free of the Peierls-Nabarro barrier and identify for them the …