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Glucose Modulation Of The Septo-Hippocampal System: Implications For Memory, Desiree Lynne Krebs-Kraft
Glucose Modulation Of The Septo-Hippocampal System: Implications For Memory, Desiree Lynne Krebs-Kraft
Psychology Dissertations
Extensive evidence suggests that glucose has both positive and negative effects on memory and these effects likely involve an influence on the brain. For instance, direct infusions of glucose into the septum (MS) or hippocampus can enhance or impair memory. The present set of experiments attempted to determine the different conditions that dissociate the memory-enhancing and -impairing effects of glucose in rats. Specifically, these experiments examined the effects of glucose in spontaneous alternation, a measure of spatial working memory and shock avoidance, an index of emontional long-term memory. The results showed that the memory-impairing effects of MS infusions of glucose …
Predicting Support For Government Action To Reduce Inequality, Adam James Darnell
Predicting Support For Government Action To Reduce Inequality, Adam James Darnell
Psychology Dissertations
The current degree of economic inequality in the US is the largest it has been since prior to the Great Depression and growing. Economic inequality is linked to mortality, social capital, interpersonal trust, and democratic participation, beyond the effects of poverty. Two main constructs are reviewed as predictors of support for efforts to reduce inequality: 1) distributive justice norms (equity and equality of outcome), and 2) causal attributions (individual and structural). Justification of the unequal status quo is often driven by reference to dominant cultural values personal responsibility and just deserts, which are likened to individual attributions and equity, respectively. …
The Effect Of Aggressive Interpersonal Relationship Dynamics On Women's Perpetration Of Aggression, Tracy Dickens
The Effect Of Aggressive Interpersonal Relationship Dynamics On Women's Perpetration Of Aggression, Tracy Dickens
Psychology Dissertations
Women’s use of aggression in intimate partner relationships is consistently debated by researchers of intimate partner aggression. One tenet suggests women use aggression within intimate relationships at similar rates as men. Conversely, a second tenet acknowledges women’s use of aggression but suggests that the meaning and consequences associated with women’s aggression is not coercive or severely injurious, which are typical characteristics of men’s use of aggression. The current study evaluated incarcerated women in order to build upon an integrative approach that suggests that women’s use of aggression is related to the relationship dynamics generated from variations in coercive and conflictual …
The Predictive Contributions Of Spatial Planning To Adaptive And Cognitive Functioning In Children Diagnosed With Brain Tumors, Ayanay Camille Ferguson Smith
The Predictive Contributions Of Spatial Planning To Adaptive And Cognitive Functioning In Children Diagnosed With Brain Tumors, Ayanay Camille Ferguson Smith
Psychology Dissertations
To date, the effect of planning ability on adaptive functioning has not been extensively examined in children treated for brain tumors. Findings indicate that individuals with brain tumors are more likely to experience poor planning ability (Boyd & Sautter, 1993) and that children with even mild neurological complications demonstrate impairments in adaptive functioning (Fletcher et al., 1990). The purpose of this study is to assess spatial planning and to examine its utility in predicting adaptive and cognitive functional impairment in children diagnosed and treated for brain tumors. Forty children diagnosed with a brain tumor (mean age at diagnosis 8.6 years) …
Hiv And Psychological Functioning Among Black South African Women: An Examination Of Psychosocial Moderating Variables, Gretchen K. Lindner
Hiv And Psychological Functioning Among Black South African Women: An Examination Of Psychosocial Moderating Variables, Gretchen K. Lindner
Psychology Dissertations
Introduction: South Africa has an HIV-infection rate of 5 million people. Between 1995 and 2005, South Africa is expected to have the highest number of AIDS-related deaths on the African continent, a total of 2.7 million. Many infected individuals are women. However, there is very little research conducted with South African women examining the relationship between HIV-infection and psychological distress. Research conducted in the United States indicates that HIV-infection is associated with increased rates of depression and anxiety. This research project aims to explore the relationship between HIV-infection and psychological functioning in the unique socio-political context of South Africa. In …
The Buffering Effect Of Sibling Relationships On Problems With Peer Experiences And Psychological Functioning In Children With Cognitive Disabilities, Andrea R. Hindes
The Buffering Effect Of Sibling Relationships On Problems With Peer Experiences And Psychological Functioning In Children With Cognitive Disabilities, Andrea R. Hindes
Psychology Dissertations
This study examined mechanisms by which sibling relationships may buffer the harmful effects of negative peer experiences on the psychological adjustment of children with mental retardation (MR) or learning disabilities (LD). The study broadened existing findings with typically developing children and examined the effects of sibling social competency training on peer experiences and the impact of sibling relationship qualities, including warmth and positivity, supportiveness, conflict, and negativity, on children’s loneliness, internalizing, and delinquent behavior problems. The participants included 100 families with children who were between 8 and 10 years old. The families had a sibling dyad in which the target …
Religious Coping Among Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls: A Phenomenological Investigation., Ndiya Nkongho
Religious Coping Among Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls: A Phenomenological Investigation., Ndiya Nkongho
Psychology Dissertations
Sexual abuse is defined as any act which forces or coerces a child into engaging in non-consensual sexual activities that they may not understand. As child sexual abuse is recognized as a mental health and public health concern, increased research efforts have been directed towards identifying the physical, emotional, and cognitive effects of child sexual abuse. The majority of such research uses adult survivors of child sexual abuse and is quantitative, retrospective, and correlational in design. Qualitative approaches with adults are few; thus far, descriptive research with children is largely limited to forensic applications. Pargament (1997) proposes the existence of …
A Processing Model Of Emotion Regulation: Insights From The Attachment System, Jungeun Hwang
A Processing Model Of Emotion Regulation: Insights From The Attachment System, Jungeun Hwang
Psychology Dissertations
A processing model of emotion regulation (PMER) was investigated by assessing the attachment system and the two types of emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) in undergraduate students (N = 307) at Georgia State University. The analysis of the data revealed an interesting set of findings: (a) attachment anxiety was a stronger indicator of whether people use adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than was attachment avoidance; (b) self efficacy, and not cognitive inability to suppress unwanted thoughts, partially mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and adaptive emotion regulation strategies; and (c) cognitive inability to suppress unwanted thoughts, and not …
The Effects Of Direct And Indirect Experiences With School Crime And Violence On High School Teacher Burnout, Chad Anthony Buck
The Effects Of Direct And Indirect Experiences With School Crime And Violence On High School Teacher Burnout, Chad Anthony Buck
Psychology Dissertations
School violence is considered the most significant problem facing United States schools (Elam, Rose, & Gallup, 1999, 2003, 2004). Although school shootings receive the bulk of media attention, incidents such as physical assaults, property crimes, intimidation, and sexual harassment are much more common (National Center for Education Statistics, 2004). In addition, little is known about the experiences of teachers. The present study examines the relationship between various types of school violence and teacher burnout. The final sample consisted of 315 high school teachers who returned surveys that assessed knowledge of direct and indirect experiences with violent acts at school over …
Hemispheric Differences In Numerical Cognition: A Comparative Investigation Of How Primates Process Numerosity, Jonathan Paul Gulledge
Hemispheric Differences In Numerical Cognition: A Comparative Investigation Of How Primates Process Numerosity, Jonathan Paul Gulledge
Psychology Dissertations
Four experiments, using both humans and monkeys as participants, were conducted to investigate the similarities and differences in human and nonhuman primate numerical cognition. In Experiment 1 it was determined that both humans and monkeys display a SNARC effect, with similar symbolic distance effects for both species. In addition, both species were found to respond faster to congruent stimulus pairs. In Experiment 2 both species were found accurately to recognize quantitative stimuli when presented for durations of 150 msec in a divided visual field paradigm. Performance for humans and monkeys for numerals and dot-patterns was almost identical in terms of …
The Effect Of Gonadal Hormones On Agonistic Behavior In Previously Defeated Female And Male Syrian Hamsters, Matia B. Solomon
The Effect Of Gonadal Hormones On Agonistic Behavior In Previously Defeated Female And Male Syrian Hamsters, Matia B. Solomon
Psychology Dissertations
Following social defeat, male hamsters exhibit behavioral changes characterized by a breakdown of normal territorial aggression and an increase in submissive/defensive behaviors in the presence of a non-aggressive intruder (NAI). We have termed this phenomenon conditioned defeat (CD). By contrast, only a small subset of defeated females exhibit submissive/defensive behavior in the presence of a NAI. We hypothesized that fluctuations in gonadal hormones might contribute to differences in the display of submissive behavior in intact female hamsters. Following social defeat, proestrous females (higher endogenous estradiol) were more likely to display conditioned defeat compared with diestrous 1 (lower endogenous estradiol) females. …
The Effect Of Adolescent Physical And Sexual Dating Violence On The Nutritional And Psychological Health Of Adolescent Girls, Jerris Laverne Raiford
The Effect Of Adolescent Physical And Sexual Dating Violence On The Nutritional And Psychological Health Of Adolescent Girls, Jerris Laverne Raiford
Psychology Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the stress-eating relation established in the literature by examining a naturally occurring stressor, adolescent dating violence, and its effect on eating in adolescent girls. Specifically, analyses focused on assessing the mediating role of depression in the adolescent dating violence-fruit and vegetable intake relation and the moderating role of sports team involvement in the adolescent dating violence-depression relation. A nationally representative sample of 5,892 black, Hispanic, and white adolescent girls were surveyed using measures assessing physical and sexual dating violence experiences, depressed affect, suicidal thoughts, plans, and/or attempts, fruit and vegetable intake and …
Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptors And Agonistic Behavior In Syrian Hamsters, Alicia N. Faruzzi
Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptors And Agonistic Behavior In Syrian Hamsters, Alicia N. Faruzzi
Psychology Dissertations
Social conflict is a part of everyday life, and it can be a potent stressor for both humans and other animals. In the laboratory, when two Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) compete for territory, a dominance hierarchy is quickly formed. Becoming subordinate is a significant stressor resulting in increased release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, β-endorphin, and cortisol. Defeated hamsters will also subsequently fail to display territorial aggression in future social encounters and will instead display increased submissive behavior, even in the presence of a smaller, non-aggressive intruder. This change in behavior is consistent and long-lasting and has been termed conditioned defeat (CD). …