Digital Commons Network^™

Tobacco Control: Are We Appropriately Training Future Health Professionals, Francisco Soto Mas, Chiehwen Hsu

Francisco Soto Mas

Information on how health professionals perceive tobacco use as well as their attitudes toward tobacco control is scarce. This study assessed the attitudes and perceptions of public health students toward tobacco use and tobacco control, which constitutes a necessary first step in designing effective training strategies. Although the majority of respondents agreed that tobacco use constitutes a relevant public health problem, they did not perceive tobacco control to be a public health priority. Academic institutions may not be properly training public health students, and may therefore be missing the opportunity to advance tobacco control at the national and global levels.

Stipulations In A Muslim Marriage Contract With Special Reference To Talq Al-Tafwid Provisions In Paksitan, Muhammad Munir Dr.

Dr. Muhammad Munir

This work elaborates the over-technical topic of stipulations in a Muslim marriage contract; explains the various types of stipulations benefiting women and men; explains how and to what extent classical Islamic law is incorporated into statutes of many Muslim states; describes case law of Indo-Pak subcontinent on stipulations based on the doctrine of stare decisis; surveys talaq al-tafwid in Pakistan to ascertain the extent of its practical application by the masses; and explore the role of nikah registrars, who are authorized by the government of Pakistan to solemnize nikah (marriage contract) throughout the country.

The Judicial System Of The East India Company: Precursor To The Present Pakistani Legal System, Muhammad Munir Dr.

Dr. Muhammad Munir

The work discusses how the British East India Company came to the subcontinent for the purpose of trade in 1604 and how it slowly and gradually started interfering in the local justice system by acquiring revenue collection of 38 villages in 1717 near Calcutta. In 1765 the Company was granted revenue collection as well as customs of three provinces. The Company also acquired the administration of justice in the areas under its control and the role of Muslim qadis and judges was over. Company’s officials, who were traders rather than trained judges, were running the court system and the Privy …

Property Right And Tortious Wrong In Vincent V. Lake Erie, Gregory C. Keating

Gregory C. Keating

An Evaluation Of Decision Tree And Survival Analysis Techniques For Business Failure Prediction, Adrian Gepp

Adrian Gepp

Accurate business failure prediction models would be extremely valuable to many industry sectors, particularly in financial investment and lending. The potential value of such models has been recently emphasised by the extremely costly failure of high profile businesses in both Australia and overseas, such as HIH (Australia) and Enron (USA). Consequently, there has been a significant increase in interest in business failure prediction, from both industry and academia. Statistical models attempt to predict the failure or success of a business based on publicly available information about that business (or its industry and the overall economy), such as accounting ratios from …

Stressed Liquid-Crystal Optical Phased Array For Fast Tip-Tilt Wavefront Correction, Bin Wang, Guoqiang Zhang, Anatoliy Glushchenko, John L. West, Philip Bos, Paul F. Mcmanamon

Philip J. Bos

A liquid-crystal optical phased-array technology that uses stressed liquid crystals provides a new type of tip-tilt wavefront corrector. It demonstrates a very fast time response (10 kHz) and high beam-steering efficiency (similar to 91%). The new technology presented here will allow for a nonmechanical, high-speed correction with simple device construction.

“Endangered: Trust And Decency”, Scott R. Paeth

Scott R. Paeth

No abstract provided.

Fabrication Of Various Curved Relief Structures Through Concave Surface Forming And Soft Replica Molding, Fang-Tzu Chuang

Fang-Tzu Chuang

In this case, our groups presented various optical structures through the presented method, involving concave surface forming and soft replica molding. The method of concave surface forming is mainly for the fabrication of concave surface. The method of soft replica molding is mainly for the fabrication of replica. Concave and convex relief structures, including circular curved relief structures, convex relief structures with platform structures on the top, refractive beam-shaping elements, these structures with dual curvatures and asymmetric structures, can be easily made through the presented method, respectively. All processes of manufacture are in several simple steps without multistep optical lithography …

“Liturgy As Politics: An Interview With William Cavanaugh”, William T. Cavanaugh

William T. Cavanaugh

No abstract provided.

For Women, A Court Of Last Appeal, Saumya Uma

Dr. Saumya Uma

The Use And Abuse Of The Labels ‘Liberal’ And ‘Conservative', David R. Keller

David R. Keller

No abstract provided.

Modeling The Acquisition Of Social Rank In Crayfish: Winner And Loser Effects And Self-Structuring Properties, Karlo Hock, Robert Huber

Robert Huber

No abstract provided.

Money And Real Fluctuations In The Chilean Economy, Andres Acuña, Carlos Oyarzun

Andrés A. Acuña

The Black Body As Souvenir In American Lynching, Harvey Young

Harvey Young

This essay reads the collection of body parts, in the aftermath of the lynching spectacle, as souvenirs, fetish objects, and performance remains. Along the way, it spotlights the importance of narrative to the souvenir, challenges the notion that performance disappears through an emphasis on its remains, and asserts that embodied experiences of the past can be accessed in the present.

Note: The Lesson Of Lopez: The Political Dynamics Of Federalism's Political Safeguards, Daniel Lyons

Daniel Lyons

No abstract provided.

The Centrality Of Awareness In The Formation Of User Behavioral Intention Toward Preventive Technologies In The Context Of Voluntary Use, Tamara Dinev, Qing Hu

Qing Hu

Little is known about user behavior toward what we call preventive computer technologies that have become increasingly important in the networked economy and society to secure data and systems from viruses, unauthorized access, disruptions, spyware, and similar harmful technologies. We present the results of a study of user behavior toward preventive technologies based on the frameworks of theory of planned behavior in the context of anti-spyware technologies. We find that the user awareness of the issues and threats from harmful technologies is a strong predictor of user behavioral intention toward the use of preventive technologies. In the presence of awareness, …

Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Of Nitrogen Using A Picosecond Modeless Dye Laser, Sukesh Roy, Terrence R. Meyer, James R. Gord

Terrence R Meyer

Broadband picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of nitrogen is demonstrated using 145-ps pump and probe beams and a 115-ps Stokes beam with a spectral bandwidth of 5 nm. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of broadband CARS using subnanosecond lasers. The short temporal envelope of the laser pulses and the broadband spectral nature of the Stokes beam will enable nonresonant-background-free, single-shot, or time-dependent spectroscopy in high-pressure or hydrocarbon-rich environments. Successful correlation of room-temperature broadband picosecond N2 CARS with a theoretical spectrum is presented.

Inventions On Drag And Drop In Gui, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

Drag and drop operation is one of the key capabilities of any Graphical User Interface. The user can do quite complex operations simply by visually dragging and dropping objects from one location to another. It saves user from remembering and typing a lot of commands. The result of a drag and drop operation may vary depending the type of source object and type of destination object. For example dragging a file and dropping on a folder may copy or move the file to the destination folder, dropping that file to a remote ftp location may upload that file using internet, …

Entre La Restricción Y La Libertad: Sobre La Posible Pérdida De Legitimidad Del Juez Constitucional, Jorge Gonzalez-Jacome

Jorge Gonzalez-Jacome

There are different points of view from which legal reasoning can be examined. Some argue that there is a correct theory of legal reasoning and therefore, they analyze particular cases in order to determine if a particular argument drawn by a judge or a court is coherent with a proposed theory. One of the main assets of Critical Legal Studies (CLS) is to think about law as a practice in which there is no need to establish a particular theory to grasp reality. In the area of legal reasoning, Duncan Kennedy has tried to show us how the main concern …

Adapt Or Optimize? The Psychology And Economics Of Rules Of Evidence, Robert D. Cooter

Robert Cooter

In civil disputes, the plaintiff must prove his case by the preponderance of the evidence. To reach this standard, the plaintiff accumulates evidence by combining facts. I compare two models of this process. Decision makers can adapt their behavior for improved results, as assumed in some psychological models. Adaptive models predict that court practice will allow the plaintiff to combine facts according to relatively simple rules. Alternatively, decision makers can optimize their behavior for best results, as assumed in most economic models. Optimization models predict that court practice will require the plaintiff to combine facts in ways that conform to …

The Impact Of Alcohol & Tobacco Advertising On The Latino Community As A Civil Rights Issue, Katherine Culliton

KATHERINE CULLITON-GONZÁLEZ

No abstract provided.

The Indignity Of Federal Wildlife Habitat Law, Jamison E. Colburn

Jamison E. Colburn

In this article, I argue that the agencies charged under federal law with the protection of wildlife populations are, to a fault, too rational, too deliberate, too sequential in operation, and too focused on putting various tracts of federal realty on highly protective pedestals. My overall critique is that our administrative system's commitments to rationality and public participation per se render it an ineffective means to the end of wildlife habitat protection. Conservation biologists have agreed time and again how important continuous adaptation is to success in this field and how necessary it is to keep all high stakes judgments …

Differential Impairment As An Indicator Of Sex Bias In Dsm-Iv Criteria For Four Personality Disorders, Christina D. Boggs, Leslie C. Morey, Andrew E. Skodol, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C. Zanarini, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of sex bias in the diagnostic criteria for borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. A clinical sample of 668 individuals was evaluated for personality disorder criteria using a semistructured interview, and areas of functional impairment were assessed with both self-report and semistructured interview. The authors used a regression model of bias to identify bias as differences in slopes or intercepts between men and women in the relationship between each diagnostic criterion and level of impairment. The results suggest that most of the diagnostic criteria examined do not seem …

Preliminary Evidence For Medication Effects On Functional Abnormalities In The Amygdala And Anterior Cingulate In Bipolar Disorder, Hilary P. Blumberg, Nelson H. Donegan, Charles A. Sanislow, Susan Collins, Cheryl Lacadie, Pawel Skudlarski, Ralitza Gueorguieva, Robert K. Fulbright, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John C. Gore, John H. Krystal

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

RATIONALE: Abnormal amygdala and frontocortical responses to emotional stimuli are implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) and have been proposed as potential treatment targets.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate amygdala and frontocortical responses to emotional face stimuli in BD and the influences of mood-stabilizing medications on these responses.

METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed while 17 BD participants (5 unmedicated) and 17 healthy comparison (HC) participants viewed faces with happy, sad, fearful, or neutral expressions.

RESULTS: The group by stimulus-condition interaction was significant (p<0.01) for amygdala activation, with the greatest effects in the happy face condition. Relative to HC, amygdala increases were greater in unmedicated BD, but lower in medicated BD. Rostral anterior cingulate (rAC) activation was decreased in unmedicated BD compared to HC; however, BD participants taking medication demonstrated rAC activation similar to HC participants.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the sample sizes were small, these preliminary results suggest that …

Biosecurity And The Role Of Statisticians, Ron Brookmeyer

Ron Brookmeyer

No abstract provided.

9. The Problem Of Child Sexual Abuse: Response., Jennifer J. Freyd, Frank W. Putnam, Thomas D. Lyon, Kathryn A. Becker-Blease, Ross E. Cheit, Nancy B. Siegel, Kathy Pezdek

Thomas D. Lyon

10. Development Of Temporal-Reconstructive Abilities., William J. Friedman, Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Hub-And-Spoke Or Else? Free Trade Agreements In The 'Enlarged' European Union, Luca De Benedictis, Roberta De Santis, Claudio Vicarelli

Luca De Benedictis

The object of this paper is to estimate if and how the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and the Baltic Free Trade Agreement (BFTA) exerted a significant impact on intra-European trade, effectively reducing the influence of the European Association Agreements (EAs) in shaping the European trade structure has a hub-and-spoke system – with the EU15 being the hub and the CEECs the spoke. This paper analyses bilateral trade flows between eight CEECs and EU-23. We estimate a gravity equation using a system GMM dynamic panel data approach. Results support the assumptions that gravity forces and “persistence effects” matter. With …

Online Teaching Practices (Both Best And Worst), Michael Nelson, Bhagyavati, Gail Miles, Amber Settle, Dale Shaffer, Jake Watts, Robert P. Webber

Amber Settle

How Costly Is It For Poor Farmers To Lift Themselves Out Of Subsistence, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Marcelo Olarreaga

Olivier Cadot

The main objective of this paper is to provide estimates of the cost of moving out of subsistence for Madagascar's farmers. The analysis is based on a simple asset-return model of occupational choice. Estimates suggest that the entry (sunk) cost associated with moving out of subsistence can be quite large---somewhere between 124 and 153 percent of a subsistence farmer's annual production. Our results make it possible to identify farm characteristics likely to generate large gains if moved out of subsistence, yielding useful information for the targeting of trade-adjustment assistance programs.