Digital Commons Network^™

Spectroscopic Studies Of Metal-Cyanide Complexes, Roy L. Mccullough

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Part 1: Infrared and Visible Absorption Studies of Cyanide Complexes of Ni(II) in Aqueous Solution

Part 2: An Analysis of the Infrared Vibrational Spectra of the Tetracyanonickelate(II) Ion in the Solid State

In this work, further evidence has been collected establishing the existence of a new ionic species in solutions of sodium tetracyanonickelate(II) and sodium cyanide. Contrary to the literature, however, this work shows that the species is [Ni(CN)₅]^-3 rather than [Ni(CN)₆]^-4.

Studies Of Surface Films Formed By Adsorption Of Polar Organic Molecules On Activated Metal Surfaces, Roy Leo Bennett

Doctoral Dissertations

The investigation of adsorption has been a valuable aid in under­ standing the properties of metal surfaces. The surface of a metal differs from the interior of the material due to unsatisfied valence forces which impart an affinity for adsorbed materials. This high sur­face energy is illustrated by the fact that when two clean metal sur­faces are placed in contact, that is, when there is no intervening adsorbed film, cold welding results. The resulting bond is equivalent to the bonding in the rest of the metal. This has been demonstrated by Bowden and Young,l who showed that mere contact of …

Colorado "Rush To The Rockies Centennial" Spectroscopy Conference

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Program from the Colorado "Rush to the Rockies Centennial" Spectroscopy Conference, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Society. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 10-11, 1959.

An In Situ Method For Alteration Of Catalytic Activity By Generation Of A Reactant On The Surface Of The Catalyst, Clyde Dunn Alley

Doctoral Dissertations

In many researches dealing with catalysis there are properties of the catalyst that are attributed to the effect of hydrogen on the surface of the catalyst. The interpretations of the effect of hydrogen on the catalyst surface range from statements which indicate that surface hydrogen is necessary for the reactions to proceed to statements that surface hydrogen is a poison on the reaction. A clearly interpreted picture of the role of hydrogen at the present time is not available.

Rearrangements Of The Benzilic Acid Type; Preparation And Use Of Dialkali Metal Adducts Of Aromatic Ketones., Stanley Selman

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: The benzilic acid rearrangement is the base-catalyzed transformation of an α-diketone to the salt of an α-hydroxy acid. This rearrangement can be effected in aromatic, semi-aromatic (o-quinones), in alicyclic, and aliphatic, as well as in heterocyclic α-diketones. Examples of the rearrangement in the above type compounds are illustrated in equations 1-6.

The Cytochrome Composition Of Bacillus Subtilis And Bacillus Megaterium, John Harvey Mangum

Theses and Dissertations

A spectroscopic and enzymatic investigation of the cytochromes of B. megaterium and B. subtilis was conducted. Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the individual cytochromes as well as to determine the locale of such activities as cytochrome c oxidase, DPNH oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome c reductase and diaphorse. Only two methods proved effective in liberating the cytochromes; disruption of the cells with sonic osillations and grinding tlhe cells with alumina. These procedures caused a fragmentation of the cell membrane. It was found that the entire cytochrome complement of these two bacteria was bound intimately to particles which most likely …

Substituted Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chlorides, Lawrence Donald Hanback

Master's Theses

The work in this thesis is a continuation of a project started at the University of Richmond in 1952 by A. G. Richardson under the directorship of Dr. J. S. Pierce and Dr. George z.Williams, Director of Clinical Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

The purpose of the research was to prepare triphenyl tetrazolium salts, substituted, particularly in the ortho and para positions, with various electron accepting and electron donating groups. It was hoped that these substitutions would impart enough differences in the properties of the compounds so as to allow d etection of certain biological reactions. The tetrazolium …

Part I: The Catalytic Hydrogenation Of Nitro Compounds Over Supported Rhodium In Acetic Acid; Part Ii: The Exchange Of Deuterium Gas And Methanol In The Presence Of Raney Nickel, Burch Byron Stewart

Doctoral Dissertations

An improved effusiometry apparatus for analyzing hydrogen and deuterium mixtures was constructed and utilized to study the exchange reaction of deuterium with methanol over Raney nickel catalyst.

The exchange reaction was zero order with respect to deuterium pressure and pseudo-zero order with respect to methanol concentration. The apparent activation energy was found to be 3.5 kcal./mole. The specific reaction rate was 2.9 1. mm. min.^-1 g.^-1.

The effects of nitro compounds upon the exchange of deuterium with methanol over Raney nickel were studied. All of the compounds decreased the exchange at very low concentrations and all, except …

Part I: A Study Of The Catalytic Hydrogenation Of Hydroxybenzenes Over Plantinum And Rhodium Catalysts; Part Ii: The Kinetics Of The Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis Of The Dimethyl Esters Of Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acids, Billy Lee Stump

Doctoral Dissertations

Summary: The dimethyl esters of isometric 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acids have been prepared and the rates of their acid catalyzed hydrolyses in 70 per cent acetone have been determined. All hydrolysis reactions wre run at four temperatures, 25°, 35°, 45°, and 55°. The rate constants for the hydrolyses at each of these temperatures, along with the activation energies for the reactions, have been tabulated in Table IV.

The rates of hydrolysis of the cis-1,3 and trans-1,4 diesters were found to be almost identical. Similarly, the reaction rates of the trans-1,3 and cis-1,4 diesters were found …

A Study Of The Volume Change During The Setting Of Silicic Acid Gel, Richard Joseph Miller

Honors Theses

An investigation of the volume change during the setting of silicic acid gel was made using a precision mercury dilatometer. The effects of varying the silicate and acid concentrations were studies. The heat of neutralization of the acetic acid and sodium silicate was compensated for to prevent any heat expansion in the gel. Also discussed are the theories of the setting of the gel.

Microscopic Radial Lines In Gels, Robert Peter Frosch

Honors Theses

There are many interesting formations which may be prepared in gels. Probably the best known are Liesegang rings, first prepared in the latter nineteenth century and observed previously in such naturally occurring materials as agate. Besides rings periodic radial structures have been observed in gelatin. Some of these radial formations are visible to the naked eye; others may be observed only under a microscope. It is one of the radial formations of the layer type which will be discussed in this paper. For want of a better name the formation to be discussed will simply be referred to as radial …

The Photogalvanic Effect, George Henry Hofmann

Honors Theses

The photogalvantic effect has been studied by relatively few people. Perhaps the largest contribution to the study of this effect has been by E. Rabinowitch while the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and terminated in 1940. At this time Rabinowitch indicated the possibilities in the utilization of solar energy by the photogalvantic effect (1). Presented here is a study of the effect using a modified form of the apparatus used by Rabinowitch. An attempt is made at explaining the results obtained, the advantages and disadvantages of the apparatus used and suggestions are given for improvement. A specific photogalvantic system of high …

A Study Of Aluminum Phosphates Using Infrared Spectroscopy, Michael Miller

Honors Theses

The infrared spectra of aluminum metaphosphate, aluminum pyrophosphate, and the ortho acid phosphates were studies in the 2u to 15u region. The distinct absorption regions of each compound were located. The type of bond which caused the absorption is suggested. The spectra of the aluminum phosphates were found to be very similar to the spectra of other phosphates.

Light Scattering By Silicic Acid Gel-Forming Mixtures, Bruce Monroe Manzer

Honors Theses

In this investigation the scattering of light by silicic acid gel-forming mixtures has been studied during the process of gel formation in an effort to extend the work already done on their structure and the mechanism of gel formation. The intensity of the scattered light has been measured by means of Fisher Nefluoro-photometer and an attempt has been made to use the results in explaining the change which the gel-forming mixtures undergo during gel formation.

Studies Of Reductions Of Unsaturated Compounds With Lithium Aluminum Hydride, Robert William Barito

Honors Theses

Our work has involved the reduction of certain alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compounds and the reduction of two compounds that did not contain alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyls.

Paper Chromatography Of The Dicarboxylic Acids And The Polyhydric Alcohols, Albert Esposito

Honors Theses

The objective of this work was to develop a paper chromato­graphic technique applicable to the separation and identification of the dicarboxylic acids and the polyhydric alcohols.

An Investigation Of Metallic Rhenium, Rhenium Dioxide And Rhenium Chlorides As Catalysts In The Hydrogenation Of Certain Organic Substrates, Walter William Brown

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the various analytical methods to ascertain the suitability of the methods for our use in determining the amount of rhenium used in our catalysts, and, if necessary devise a new method. Also, several catalysts were to be prepared and used in hydrogenation or organic compounds. Evaluation of the catalytic activity of each catalyst was to be made by using them with various selected organic substrates.

Liquid Scintillators. Some Aryl Substituted Phenanthrenes And Dihydrophenanthrenes, And Related P-Terphenyls And P-Quaterphenyls, Stephen Paul Birkeland

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The liquid scintillation system has three basic components:

(1) A scintillation solution consisting of an efficient solvent and a fluorescent solute.

(2) A photomultiplier tube.

(3) An electronic system for measuring and recording the voltage pulses generated by the photomultiplier from the photons impinging on it.

The Kinetics Of Thermal Decomposition Of 1,1'-Azobutane, 1,1'-Azoisobutane And 2,2'-Azobutane, Norman L. Eatough

Theses and Dissertations

The following compounds have been prepared and purified and the boiling points, densities, refractive indicies and infrared spectra of each have been determined and recorded: n-butyraldazine, isobutyraldazine, methylethyl ketazine, 1,2-di-n-butylhydrazine, 1,2-diisobutylhydrazine, 1,2-di-sec.-butylhydrazine, 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane and 2,2'-azobutane. Vapor pressure curves and freezing points of 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane and 2,2'-azobutane have been determined and recorded. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane, and 2,2'-azobutane in a flow system using hydrogen and helium as a carrier gases have been investigated. The investigation was carried out for two different concentrations of the azo compounds over a pressure range of 670 to 890 mm. Hg …

A Manometric Method For The Determination Of Soil Carbonates In The Field, N. A. Polyzopoulos

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In soil survey work the method now generally used to evaluate the carbonate content of the soil in the field is to observe the amount of effervescence that takes place when the soil reacts with dilute acid. The four degrees of effervescence usually recognized are designated by the symbols eo, e, es, ev and correspond roughly to a lime content of 0-0.5, 0.5-3, 3-15, and above 15 per cent, respectively. This, or course, is a very rough estimate and therefore a method is needed for the quantitative determination of carbonates in the field with a fair degree of accuracy. If …

Ferrilegoglobin As An Oxidizing Agent For Hydrazine, Donald B. Larson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The system in which atmospheric nitrogen succumbs to enter Nature's cycle has a yet proven evasive with respect to the actual chemical reactions. At present several types of systems are proposed but their chemical makeup is practically unknown.

An Investigation Of Complex Species In Silver Chloride Solutions I. Solubility Measurements ; Ii. Ion Exchange Methods, Harry G. Hecht

Theses and Dissertations

The complex species in silver chloride solutions have been investigated by solubility measurements and by ion exchange methods in this work. The solubility of silver chloride in solutions of varying chloride ion concentrations was determined by radioassay techniques. The method of least squares was used to evaluate the constants for the formation of the aqueous silver chloride and the dichloro-complex species; the values being 1.99 x 103 and 2.98 x 104, respectively, at 25.00°C. Aqueous solver chloride has been shown to be sorbed by Amberlite IR-120 from silver chloride solutions which have an ionic strength of 0.2. This sorption has …

Molecular Force Fields Of Ethylene, Allene, Formaldehyde, Ketene, And Diazomethane, Charles Edward Bailey

Doctoral Dissertations

Infrared and Raman spectra furnish one of the most powerful methods for studying the internal forces which act in molecules. The vibrational frequencies which are obtained from a study of the spectra are functions of the geometry and masses, which determine the kinetic energy of the system, and of the forces acting in the molecule, which determine the potential energy of the system. Therefore, if the geometry of a molecule is known, the vibrational frequencies of the molecule can be used to ob­tain information concerning the forces acting during the motions.

A Study Of The Reactions Of Alkali Metals With Alcohol In Liquid Ammonia, Eugene Joseph Kelly

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: This thesis embodies the results of research performed under a contract between the University of Tennessee and the United States Atomic Energy Commission, the contract calling for an examination of certain chemical separation factors for the isotopes of hydrogen.

The investigation was centered on a study of the fractionation of the isotopes protium (hereafter called hydrogen) and tritium through the reaction of a weak acid with metal. The reactions were carried out in a homogeneous system with liquid ammonia serving as solvent for the reactants.

Preparation Of Compounds Of Potential Physiological Activity: Amino Esters Of Substituted Benzilic, Glycolic And Acetic Acids And Related Compounds, Kumbla Vittal Nayak

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: Medicinal chemistry is one of the areas of scientific endeavor which has been achieving increasing importance during the last two decades. It tends to become more and more the study of the chemical reactions between therapeutic agents and living tissues. In 1940 practically nothing was known about the processes by which drugs produce their effect, how they react with protoplasm and how they are in turn modified, detoxified, metabolized, or eliminated by living organisms. Appreciable progress in this direction is now being made.

Recent advances in such a field are by no means defined. Countless drugs have been introduced …

Condensation Of Terephthalaldehyde And Hydroxyacetophenones, Ernest John Bonelli

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Organic pigments were the source of coloring matters used by man until comparatively recent times. It is to be presumed that the first steps in the use of these pigments no dyes resulted from the accidental staining of the skin or fabric by a vegetable material. Prehistoric man, in order to decorate his implements or his person, or even to make records of his mode of life, used the materials with which he came in daily contact. Coloring materials included earth and vegetable substances found in flowers, seeds, berries, nuts, bark, wood, and roots, and less readily available coloring materials …

An Introduction To The Study Of Chromatography Of Aureomycin ..., Øistein Skjellum

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Part of a current research program undertaken by the faculty in chemistry at the College of the Pacific is concerned with studying chemical compounds which are favorably absorbed in Aureomycin. The reason for this preference of absorption is still not known. In order to determine the cause of this absorption, it is necessary to establish a method of recovering tetracycline and its derivatives from malignant tissue. When working with recovery of tetracycline and its derivatives, the small scale of operations immediately suggests the use of chromatographic techniques of separation, identification, and estimation.

A Kinetic Study Of The Reaction Between Acetic Anhydride And Isobutyl Alcohol Using A Chemical Oscillometer, Charles Huffman Lewis Jr.

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The object of this research project is to investigate the base catalyzed reaction of acetic anhydride and isobutyl alcohol reacting to form acetic acid and isobutyl acetate. In this investigation, a high frequency oscillometer is used to observe the progress of the reaction as it proceeds to the formation of products.

The chemical oscillometer, in one form or another, has been in existence for over twenty years. During this time it has developed from a laboratory curiosity to a practical instrument with a great number of applications. However, its use in connection with kinetic studies has not been too active …

Reaction To 1-Bromo-2, 3-Epoxybutane With Phenol In The Presence Of Boron Trifluoride, Robert F. Bridger

Masters Theses

"It is the purpose of this investigation to study the reaction of phenol with 1-bromo-2,3-epoxybutane in the presence of boron trifluoride and to identify the reaction products in order to gain information which will be helpful in understanding the mechanism of the reaction"--Introduction, page 3.

The Apparent Effects Of Rh Hapten Ingestion On The Circulating Blood Phosphorus, Barbara Lyke

Masters Theses

The purpose of this work carried on at Western Michigan University during the past year is an attempt to elucidate further the action of Rh hapten within the body, or more specifically, the effect of its ingestion on the circulating blood phosphorus.