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Symbolic Student Speech Since Tinker, George W Flanders
Symbolic Student Speech Since Tinker, George W Flanders
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
When students exercise their First Amendment right of free speech, it can sometimes conflict with the obligation of public school officials to maintain a safe and orderly environment on their campuses. Three Supreme Court decisions---Tinker v. Des Moines, 393 U.S. 503 (1969), Bethel v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986), and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988)---have addressed the most common types of student expression. Hazelwood dealt with school-sponsored printed material and Fraser established ground rules to handle public address by students. In both instances, the Supreme Court endorsed the school's authority to regulate the amount of "free speech" that …