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Street Youth Suicide In Canada: A Qualitative Analysis., Sean Andrew. Kidd
Street Youth Suicide In Canada: A Qualitative Analysis., Sean Andrew. Kidd
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study was developed to address the problem of the high rates of suicidality found among street youth. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 80 street youth in agencies and on the streets of Toronto and Vancouver. Participants described the meanings suicide held for them and their understandings of the phenomenon of suicide among street youth. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed themes of worthlessness, loneliness, hopelessness, and most centrally the feeling of being 'trapped' that form the construct of suicide held by the participants. These idioms of distress were situated within the context of the street life that included social …
Stress, Identity Status, And Well-Being In Young Adults., Sharon. Jeyakumar
Stress, Identity Status, And Well-Being In Young Adults., Sharon. Jeyakumar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined identity achievement in the context of a stress and coping relation. Previous research has shown that identity status is related to self-esteem, emotional distress, capacity for intimacy, and cognitive advancement, with identity achievement being associated with more optimal states. Previous research has also shown that identity status is related to the social-cognitive orientations, or identity styles, that are utilized in encountering information, making decisions, and solving problems. These identity styles, in turn, have been found to be related to specific coping strategies an individual uses to deal with stress. Drawing from these findings, it was hypothesized that …
Clinical Memory Subtypes In Hiv-1 Infection: A Novel Approach., Shemira. Murji
Clinical Memory Subtypes In Hiv-1 Infection: A Novel Approach., Shemira. Murji
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study sought to delineate empirically derived memory subtypes using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT; Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 1987) in a sample of HIV-1 infected adults (N = 154). First, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate eight models of the CVLT structure suggested by Wiegner and Donders (1999). A four-factor model, consisting of Attention Span, Learning Efficiency, Delayed Recall, and Inaccurate Recall appeared to be the best fitting model. Next, variables with the highest factor loadings from the model were entered in a two-stage cluster analysis. Four reliable CVLT clusters or subtypes were identified: Normal, …
The Diagnosis Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) By Psychologists, Pediatricians, And General Practitioners., Shelley. Wilkin Bloch
The Diagnosis Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) By Psychologists, Pediatricians, And General Practitioners., Shelley. Wilkin Bloch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It was the goal of the current study to provide a comprehensive assessment of the diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and several factors which may relate to diagnostic accuracy in particular. Specifically, the study used four conditional probability indices---sensitivity, specificity, hit rate, and miss rate---to examine the relationship between diagnostic accuracy and the profession of the practitioner making the diagnosis, behaviour/symptom information, and gender information of a case. A mail survey method was used to present eight written case vignettes, which depicted four male and four female symptom presentations, to Ontario psychologists, pediatricians, and general practitioners for diagnosis. Symptom presentations …
The Eating Disorders Continuum: Assessing Coping Styles, Perceived Stress, And Perceived Social Support., Alicia Margaret. Hendley
The Eating Disorders Continuum: Assessing Coping Styles, Perceived Stress, And Perceived Social Support., Alicia Margaret. Hendley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous researchers have suggested that a continuum of eating disturbance exists, with chronic dieting at one end of the spectrum, and clinically diagnosed eating disorders at the other (e.g., Mintz & Betz, 1988). With this view has come the recognition that individuals with varying levels of eating pathology report considerable distress (e.g., Killen, 1996). In particular, it has been found that a high percentage of individuals who seek outpatient treatment for an eating problem suffer from a subclinical eating disorder (e.g., American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The present study examined whether or not three different groups along a hypothesized continuum of …
Emotional And Psychosocial Sequelae Of Patients With Craniocerebral Traumas: A Subtype Analysis Using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Mmpi)., Erin Michelle. Warriner
Emotional And Psychosocial Sequelae Of Patients With Craniocerebral Traumas: A Subtype Analysis Using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Mmpi)., Erin Michelle. Warriner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Archival data for subjects used in this study were collected over the past 18 years through the Adult Acquired Brain Injury Program (ABIP) at Chedoke Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. Of the 966 subjects in the initial sample who were referred for a routine neuropsychological evaluation following a craniocerebral trauma (CCT), 331 met the employed inclusionary criteria: (1) single incident of CCT; (2) no history of additional neurological diseases; (3) WAIS-R FSIQ greater than 85 and/or estimated reading skills above grade 5 level; and (4) valid MMPI profiles (i.e., F < 89, L < 65, and K < 65). Emotional and psychosocial functioning in individuals with CCT was investigated by subjecting the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of individuals in randomly split samples (n = 166; n = 165) to a three-step cluster analytic approach. A seven cluster solution was adequately replicated across samples and across clustering techniques: (1) the profile for subtype 1 was indicative of marked somatic, internalizing, and externalizing behavioural difficulties (Combined Somatic-Internalized-Externalized); (2) the profile for subtype 2 was indicative of no concerns or normal functioning (Normal); (3) the profile for subtype 3 was indicative of marked internalizing difficulties (Internalized); (4) the profile for subtype 4 was indicative of primarily mild somatic and pain concerns (Somatic); (5) the profile for subtype 5 was indicative of mild disinhibition and externalizing behavioural difficulties (Mild Externalized); (6) the profile for subtype 6 was indicative of severe emotional, psychosocial, and behavioural disturbances (Severe Psychopathology); and (7) the profile for subtype 7 was indicative of mild internalizing difficulties (Mild Internalized). The relation between subgroup membership and various demographic variables (i.e., nature of accident, sex, marital status, pre-injury vocation, time post-injury, age at testing, estimated levels of cognitive functioning, highest level of education) and loci of brain damage was also investigated.Dept. of Psychology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2001 .W37. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-06, page: 1622. Adviser: Byron Rourke. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2001.
Empirically Derived Psychopathology Subgroups In Traumatic Brain Injury., Colleen Patricia. Millikin
Empirically Derived Psychopathology Subgroups In Traumatic Brain Injury., Colleen Patricia. Millikin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to identify psychopathology subgroups within three samples of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The majority of patients in all three samples met criteria for mild traumatic brain injury. Psychopathology was measured using two versions of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-I and MCMI-II). In each sample, selected MCMI scales were entered into multiple methods of hierarchical cluster analysis. In study 1, the MCMI-I profiles of 187 workers' compensation claimants were analyzed. Study 2 involved the MCMI-II profiles of 88 workers' compensation claimants. In study 3, the MCMI-II profiles of 70 medical-legal patients …
Subjective Cognitive Complaints In Hiv Infection: Utility In Predicting Neuropsychological Deficits., Sherri L. Carter
Subjective Cognitive Complaints In Hiv Infection: Utility In Predicting Neuropsychological Deficits., Sherri L. Carter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this retrospective study was to clarify the nature of the relationship between subjective cognitive complaints and actual neuropsychological skills in HIV-infected individuals. The sample consisted of 156 HIV-positive adults (148 men; 8 women), of whom 18 were asymptomatic (CDC-A), 61 were mildly symptomatic (CDC-B), and 76 had AIDS-defining illnesses or CD4 counts less than 200 (CDC-C). Neuropsychological functioning was assessed by clinical ratings based on neuropsychological test performance. In Part One of the study, the interrelationships among variables affecting cognitive complaints were examined using a structural equation model. Cognitive complaints independently predicted poorer neuropsychological performance, despite …
Gender Weighting Of Dsm-Iv Personality Disorder Criteria., Melissa. Hobbs
Gender Weighting Of Dsm-Iv Personality Disorder Criteria., Melissa. Hobbs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of the current study was to determine the degree, if any, to which gender stereotypes are reflected within the criteria of DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (PDs). Participants consisted of 73 university undergraduate students (33 males and 40 females), who were instructed to sort each of the 91 PD criteria, presented individually on index cards, along a dimension of masculine to feminine. A secondary aim was to determine if participants who were instructed to sort the cards into five piles ranked the criteria differently from those participants who were free to sort the criteria into as many …
Pain Beliefs, Coping, And Social Support As Predictors Of Physical And Psychological Adjustment In Chronic Pain Patients., Sophie. Beugnot
Pain Beliefs, Coping, And Social Support As Predictors Of Physical And Psychological Adjustment In Chronic Pain Patients., Sophie. Beugnot
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The cognitive-behavioral model of chronic pain (Turk, 1984) has dominated the literature on adjustment to chronic pain. Many studies have examined the role of pain beliefs and coping in the development of depression and physical disability among chronic pain patients. In the current study, a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain is proposed and evaluated. This model builds on the cognitive-behavioral model by positing that social support also plays a role in the adjustment process in addition to pain beliefs and coping. Thus, this study examined how pain locus of control, coping, and emotional and instrumental support predict depression and physical …
The Effects Of An Emotional Disclosure Writing Task On The Physical And Psychological Functioning Of Children Of Alcoholics., Melanie Dawn. Gallant
The Effects Of An Emotional Disclosure Writing Task On The Physical And Psychological Functioning Of Children Of Alcoholics., Melanie Dawn. Gallant
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the effects of an emotional disclosure writing task on the physical and psychological functioning of preteen and adolescent children of alcoholics (N = 53). It was hypothesized that writing about stressful events would have significant physical and psychological health benefits. Physical and psychological health were assessed with measures of strength and difficulties, internalizing symptoms, affect, and physical symptoms. These measures were administered at baseline and again at follow-up. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: an emotional writing group (N1 = 18) who wrote about their thoughts and feelings with respect to stressful events, …
Psychological Adjustment In Later Life: Environmental Choice, Motivational Style And Locus Of Control As Contributing Factors., Lynn A. Perreault
Psychological Adjustment In Later Life: Environmental Choice, Motivational Style And Locus Of Control As Contributing Factors., Lynn A. Perreault
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
According to self-determination theory, high environmental choice leads to self-determined forms of motivation which, in turn, lead to psychological adjustment. However, O'Connor and Vallerand (1994b) found that degree of environmental choice and motivational style must be congruent for the optimal psychological adjustment of older adults living in nursing homes. Research also indicates that the psychological adjustment of elderly persons depends on the congruence between environmental choice and health locus of control orientation. The present study sought to gain a better understanding of the relationship between environmental choice, motivational style, and health locus of control orientation in predicting the psychological adjustment …
The Relationships Among Childhood Maltreatment, Alexithymia, Social Avoidance, And Social Support., Andrea M. Turner
The Relationships Among Childhood Maltreatment, Alexithymia, Social Avoidance, And Social Support., Andrea M. Turner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study evaluated a causal model of the relationships among childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, social avoidance, limited social support, and dissatisfaction with social support. The model was evaluated separately for physical and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Undergraduate students (n = 204) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, and Social Support Questionnaire. Variables in the model were intercorrelated, and analyses suggested mechanisms through which they were related. More severely maltreated individuals tended to be more socially avoidant and less satisfied with their social support partly because of difficulties identifying and describing …
African American Acculturation And Neuropsychological Test Performance Following Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study., Stephan. Kennepohl
African American Acculturation And Neuropsychological Test Performance Following Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study., Stephan. Kennepohl
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined the influence of cultural factors in the assessment of African Americans (N = 45) who had suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Following the administration of a neuropsychological test battery and functional outcome measures, participants completed a self-report measure of African American acculturation (African American Acculturation Scale-Short Form; Landrine & Klonoff, 1995). In the first study, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the possible relationship between acculturation and neuropsychological test performance. After controlling for various injury-related (TBI severity, time since injury) and demographic factors (age, sex, and education/occupation), lower levels of acculturation were associated with …