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Theses/Dissertations

2022

Phosphorus

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An Evaluation On The Effects Of Additions And Deletions Of Specific Nutrient Management Strategies On Corn Yield At Different Plant Densities, James D. Dew Dec 2022

An Evaluation On The Effects Of Additions And Deletions Of Specific Nutrient Management Strategies On Corn Yield At Different Plant Densities, James D. Dew

Theses and Dissertations

Improved management strategies are needed to increase yield production and quality. The study aimed to determine suitable cultural practices for improved corn production. Experiments were set up at Verona and Stoneville, Mississippi, from 2020 to 2022. Treatments included row configurations (single and twin-row), plant populations (79,000 and 99,000 seeds ha-1), and six combinations of nutrients with or without fungicide. The nutrients evaluated were two nitrogen rates 235 and 314 kg N ha-1, phosphorus 45 kg P ha-1, potassium 112 kg K ha-1, sulfur 22 kg S ha-1, and zinc 11 kg Zn ha-1, and fungicide at 272 ml ha-1. In …

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Dust Deposition Changes Production, Chlorophyll-A And Community Composition In Mountain Lakes, Jiahao Wen Dec 2022

Dust Deposition Changes Production, Chlorophyll-A And Community Composition In Mountain Lakes, Jiahao Wen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Increasing quantities of dust emitted from semi-arid soils, agricultural soils, and urban regions are blown to remote mountain lakes in the American West. Remote mountain lakes lacking local nutrient inputs and presenting simple food webs that are easily affected by climate changes. Dust can carry nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) to mountain lakes and potentially enhance algae growth and change algal communities. However, experimental tests of this hypothesis are lacking. Using in situ experiments, we investigated the effects of dust enrichment on the production, biomass, and primary algal species in three mountain lakes in the American West. We found that …

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Nutrient Removal From Recirculating Aquaculture System Water, Eliza M. Costigan Aug 2022

Nutrient Removal From Recirculating Aquaculture System Water, Eliza M. Costigan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), where only approximately 10% of the total system water is exchanged per day, have grown in popularity in recent years due to their potential to provide a high-quality protein source in a contained environment. With increased production comes the need for RAS water treatment to mitigate recirculation and discharge of nutrients produced by fish; mainly phosphorus and nitrogen. When discharged, nutrients can contribute to eutrophication in surrounding water bodies, harming the fish and other aquatic life. Therefore, RAS effluent should be treated before discharge. One method of phosphorus removal is adsorption, a surface phenomenon that is …

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Utilization Of A Boosted Regression Tree Framework For Prediction Of Dissolved Phosphorus Concentrations Throughout The High Plains Aquifer Region, Jeffrey M. Temple Aug 2022

Utilization Of A Boosted Regression Tree Framework For Prediction Of Dissolved Phosphorus Concentrations Throughout The High Plains Aquifer Region, Jeffrey M. Temple

Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater-derived phosphorus has often been dismissed as a significant contributor towards surface water eutrophication, however, this dismissal is unwarranted, making the quantification of phosphorus concentrations in groundwater systems immensely important. Machine learning models have been employed to quantify the concentrations of various contaminants in groundwater, but to our best knowledge have never been used for the quantification of groundwater phosphorus. The goal of this research was to use a boosted regression tree framework to produce the first believed machine learning model of phosphorus variability in groundwater, with the High Plains aquifer serving as the study area. Results display a boosted …

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Effects Of Excessive Soil Phosphorus Accumulation On Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) Seedlings, Hannah C. Bays Aug 2022

Effects Of Excessive Soil Phosphorus Accumulation On Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) Seedlings, Hannah C. Bays

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many landowners in East Texas apply poultry litter to pastures as a source of nitrogen (N) for forage crops. After many years of repeated poultry litter application, soils can accumulate extremely high extractable phosphorus (P) concentrations, sometimes over 1000 mg kg-1 of plant available P. Landowners report the conversion of these pastures to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations is often problematic, with poor seedling survival and abnormal tree growth. This study was conducted to assess the effects of excessive soil phosphorus on loblolly pine seedlings. An outdoor pot study was conducted using bare root seedlings and triple …

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Elemental Sulfur And Metal Sulfide Minerals For Autotrophic Denitrification: Applications To Aquaculture, Groundwater Treatment, And Domestic Wastewater Treatment, Erica Amah Dasi Jul 2022

Elemental Sulfur And Metal Sulfide Minerals For Autotrophic Denitrification: Applications To Aquaculture, Groundwater Treatment, And Domestic Wastewater Treatment, Erica Amah Dasi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Nutrient pollution of waterways, from excess N and P, is a global concern that results in harmful impacts the environment, human health, and aquatic animals. This dissertation harnesses sulfur autotrophic denitrification to remove nutrients from groundwater, domestic wastewater, and wastewaters produced from marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Part 1 evaluates the denitrification performance of woodchips and elemental sulfur in cyclic denitrification filters (WS-CDFs) integrated into marine RAS operated under saline conditions. Part 2 investigates the use of metal sulfide minerals, with and without oyster shells, for supporting nutrient removal from groundwater in batch reactors. Part 3 assesses …

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Improved Management Of Recalcitrant Nutrient Species: Transformation And Adsorption, Synthia Parveen Mallick Jul 2022

Improved Management Of Recalcitrant Nutrient Species: Transformation And Adsorption, Synthia Parveen Mallick

Dissertations (1934 -)

Soluble non-reactive nutrient species, i.e., dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and soluble non-reactive phosphorus (sNRP), are not effectively removed and recovered. Unfortunately, the non-reactive species can cause eutrophication in receiving waterbodies. Thus, removal and recovery of soluble non-reactive nutrients is critical for reducing nutrient discharge and advancing the national goal of enhanced nutrient recovery. Transformation of non-reactive nutrients to more readily removable/recoverable species using ozonation and UV/H2O2 for enhanced nutrient recovery has been reported in literature. Electrooxidation (EO) may outperform these processes in transforming nutrients as EO can utilize multiple oxidation pathways, e.g., in-situ generated oxidants or direct electron transfer (DET). …

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Sedimentary Characteristics And Associated Carbon And Nutrients Of Overbank Sediments Deposited During The 2018, 2019, And 2020 Floods In Embanked Floodplains Along The Lower Mississippi River Near Natchez, Mississippi, Rachel Kelk Jun 2022

Sedimentary Characteristics And Associated Carbon And Nutrients Of Overbank Sediments Deposited During The 2018, 2019, And 2020 Floods In Embanked Floodplains Along The Lower Mississippi River Near Natchez, Mississippi, Rachel Kelk

Master's Theses

The Lower Mississippi River (LMR) experienced major floods in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Sediment deposition in the embanked floodplains during floods represent important storage and sequestration opportunities for carbon and nutrients from ~40% of the continental USA. This research aims to compare depositional thicknesses, organic matter (OM), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) concentrations, and grain sizes in floodplain sediments deposited by the combined 2018-19 floods to the 2020 flood along the LMR near Natchez, Mississippi. Greater depositional thicknesses in 2018-19 are best explained by their combined flood durations; the 2019 flood was the longest in recorded history. Slightly higher …

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Climate Change And The Global Nutrient Overload: The Microbial Response Of Extreme Waterbodies To Environmental Change, Samuel P. Bratsman Jun 2022

Climate Change And The Global Nutrient Overload: The Microbial Response Of Extreme Waterbodies To Environmental Change, Samuel P. Bratsman

Theses and Dissertations

One of the defining characteristics of our current epoch—the Anthropocene—is modification of nutrient cycles. At regional to global scales, humans have fundamentally reshaped the availability of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These changes are particularly apparent in freshwater ecosystems, which receive surface and groundwater inputs of nutrients from agriculture, fossil fuel use, and wastewater. In this thesis, I investigated how the addition of nutrients affects microbial community and biogeochemistry in two extreme environments: the hypereutrophic shallow Utah Lake and nutrient-limited Arctic permafrost streams. In my first chapter, I used bioassay and dilution bioassay experiments to identify what factors control harmful algal …

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Exploring Valuable And Potentially Harmful By-Products Formed And/Or Released From Smouldering Treatment Of Sewage Sludge, Taryn Ashley Fournie May 2022

Exploring Valuable And Potentially Harmful By-Products Formed And/Or Released From Smouldering Treatment Of Sewage Sludge, Taryn Ashley Fournie

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and emerging contaminants (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)) makes sewage sludge management challenging. Due to their hazards, there is significant interest in thermal treatment technologies that can destroy these compounds, like incineration. However, incineration still poses several risks due to forming and/or releasing hazardous emissions (e.g., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and PTEs). More recently, the use of smouldering has been introduced as a potential treatment technique for managing sewage sludge. Smouldering presents several advantages over traditional incineration due to its lower energy and pre-treatment requirements and potential for beneficial …

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Comparing Multiple Approaches To Reconstructing The Phosphorus History Of Marl Lakes: A Utah Lake Case Study, Mark R. Devey May 2022

Comparing Multiple Approaches To Reconstructing The Phosphorus History Of Marl Lakes: A Utah Lake Case Study, Mark R. Devey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Freshwater lakes around the world have suffered from the increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms in recent decades. One of the most pressing reasons water quality managers try to address harmful algal blooms is that some of the species that occur with them produce toxins which can affect humans, pets, and wildlife. In many lakes, the nutrient phosphorus controls whether these harmful algal and bacterial species can occur. Therefore, efforts to control harmful algal blooms often center around reducing inputs of phosphorus from a variety of sources within the watershed. Scientists and water quality managers have long been challenged by …

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Analysis Of Indianapolis Waterways For Evidence Of Eutrophication And Contamination Induced By Urban Pollution, Kiley Grace Wardwell May 2022

Analysis Of Indianapolis Waterways For Evidence Of Eutrophication And Contamination Induced By Urban Pollution, Kiley Grace Wardwell

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The focus of my research will be largely focused on the water quality of the White River throughout Indianapolis. I will be testing water samples from five different points along the White River to analyze three of its contents, assessing the differing levels of pollution along different points progressing down the river and through the city. The locations I have chosen to test coincide with water gauge sites along the White River and are as follows: Logan Street in Noblesville, 82nd Street, Broad Ripple Dam, Michigan Road and Raymond Street. The surface water at these five locations will be tested …

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Nutrient Uptake And Water Quality In Great Salt Lake Wetland Impoundments, Rachel L. Buck May 2022

Nutrient Uptake And Water Quality In Great Salt Lake Wetland Impoundments, Rachel L. Buck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Great Salt Lake (GSL) is the largest inland body of water on the Pacific flyway, a major pathway for migratory birds in the Americas that extends from Alaska to Patagonia. The lake is surrounded by approximately 360,000 acres of wetlands, providing critical food, shelter, cover, nesting areas, and protection to between 4–6 million birds that visit each year. Impounded wetlands were created as part of the GSL ecosystem to support waterfowl habitat. These large, shallow, submergent wetlands are diked to control water levels to sustain aquatic plants which are an important food source. Besides providing critical habitat, these impoundments …

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Assessing The Role Of Magnetite In Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Patricia Ayaa May 2022

Assessing The Role Of Magnetite In Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Patricia Ayaa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Some municipal wastewater treatment (MWWT) facilities have adopted magnetite in their treatment processes through a technology called BioMag® to meet effluent regulatory requirements for total nitrogen and total phosphorus. However, there is limited information on the mechanisms and efficiency of magnetite in the removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater. This research, therefore, estimated its effectiveness in the removal of these nutrients, with a case study of the Marlay-Taylor Water Reclamation Facility in Maryland. The intervention analysis model was used, but a new forecasting approach to the model was proposed to fit the data in this study and …

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Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Investigation Of Metal Phosphites And Potential Implications For Astrobiology, Kimberly Faye Meyberg Apr 2022

Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Investigation Of Metal Phosphites And Potential Implications For Astrobiology, Kimberly Faye Meyberg

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

The role of phosphorus in biochemistry is well understood. However, the route by which phosphorus was incorporated into early biomolecules on the prebiotic Earth is uncertain. Phosphate, the most prevalent species of phosphorus found in Earth’s geological record, is insoluble and unreactive with organics in aqueous environments. While the most abundant biogenic elements (C, N, H, O, and S) can be found in a volatile phase under terrestrial conditions, phosphorus cannot, suggesting that minerals must have been the main sources of phosphorus on the early Earth. One possible explanation is that phosphite was a major source of reduced, reactive phosphorus …

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Wet Detention Pond Phosphorus Cycling Dynamics: Evaluation Of Pond Performance And Application Of The General Lake Model, Caitlin Lulay Apr 2022

Wet Detention Pond Phosphorus Cycling Dynamics: Evaluation Of Pond Performance And Application Of The General Lake Model, Caitlin Lulay

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Anthropogenic activities degrade surface water quality by increasing nutrient input to the watershed which is transported via stormwater runoff and accumulated in waterbodies leading to eutrophication. Wet detention ponds are a means of mitigating the impacts of these non-point source pollutants, such as phosphorus (P), through treatment mechanisms such as sediment settling and biological uptake. While these wet detention ponds are designed to serve as P sinks, they have the potential to serve as P sources as well due to release mechanisms such as sediment resuspension and algal decay. Many existing models used in the design and performance evaluation of …

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Improving Water Quality Through Reducing Agricultural Nutrient Loss: Field Pennycress As A Cover Crop, Mujen Wang Mar 2022

Improving Water Quality Through Reducing Agricultural Nutrient Loss: Field Pennycress As A Cover Crop, Mujen Wang

Theses and Dissertations

Agricultural nutrient loss through water runoff from the Upper Mississippi (UM) River Basin is one of the major contributing sources to the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic dead zone. Cover cropping has been identified as one strategy for farmers to use to reduce nutrient loss from their fields. However, the upfront costs and slow economic return of implementing cover crops prevent farmers from widely adopting traditional cover crops.Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) is an emerging potential “cash cover crop” species that may provide the soil and environmental benefits of traditional cover crops and the economic incentive farmers need to widely implement cover …

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Evaluation Of The Impacts Of De-Icing Salts On The Performance Of Bioretention Media In Retaining Phosphorus From Urban Stormwater, Brennan S. Donado Visbal Mar 2022

Evaluation Of The Impacts Of De-Icing Salts On The Performance Of Bioretention Media In Retaining Phosphorus From Urban Stormwater, Brennan S. Donado Visbal

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Bioretention systems are a low impact development system that can remove pollutants such as phosphorus (P) from urban stormwater. P retention in bioretention systems is complicated in cold climate regions due to factors such as inputs of road de-icing salts. This study evaluates the impact of prolonged and periodic salt inputs on P retention by conducting column experiments using three different bioretention media with and without an amendment added. Non-amended columns showed net P release, whereas amended columns showed net P retention. While some non-amended columns showed prolonged salt exposure increases P release, the largest P release for all columns …

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Spatio-Temporal Variability Of Phosphorus Near The Groundwater-Stream Interface, Meghan Vissers Jan 2022

Spatio-Temporal Variability Of Phosphorus Near The Groundwater-Stream Interface, Meghan Vissers

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Agricultural practices can cause excess inputs of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) to freshwater catchments leading to eutrophication. This study evaluates spatio-temporal variability of SRP in an agricultural streambed including the influence of groundwater-stream interactions, and examines the associated geochemical and hydrological controls. High porewater SRP (>1000 µg/L) and high SRP sediment fractions were observed in low groundwater discharge zones, specifically in the shallow (≤ 0.1 m) streambed sediments. Porewater SRP concentrations were linked to iron redox cycling with SRP concentrations concordant with more reducing conditions. Porewater SRP varied temporally but distinct seasonal changes were not observed. The conditions in …

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Harmful Algal Blooms In Caesar Creek Lake And Their Relationship To Riparian Cover, Morgan C. Grunden Jan 2022

Harmful Algal Blooms In Caesar Creek Lake And Their Relationship To Riparian Cover, Morgan C. Grunden

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Caesar Creek Lake (CCL) in Warren County, OH has recently been experiencing harmful algal blooms (HABs) which are most likely attributed to an excess of phosphorus (P) from fertilizers and manures applied to surrounding fields. Sediments act as a sink for P later supplying a source of P in lakes for HABs when waters become thermally stratified and anoxic. This study seeks to determine the relationship between HABs in CCL and riparian cover at the main tributaries, Anderson Fork and Caesar Creek. In order to do this, sediment samples were collected from four sample sites along Anderson Fork and three …

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Potential Water Treatment Residual Used For Eutrophication Prevention: Varying Bake Time And Wet-Dry Release Experiments, Noor Fahoum Jan 2022

Potential Water Treatment Residual Used For Eutrophication Prevention: Varying Bake Time And Wet-Dry Release Experiments, Noor Fahoum

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

A challenge faced today in water ways is the excessive growth of algae due to eutrophication. These harmful algal blooms create problems for the environment and safety concerns for the use of water for drinking purposes. An increase in limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are one of the factors that contribute to eutrophication. This is a concern for the Akron Water Treatment plant where preventative measures are being taken to avoid the potential formation of harmful algal blooms and the cyanotoxins they may release in the water. Through various studies, water treatment residuals (WTR) have been found to …

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Investigating The Role Of Genomic Material Costs In Ecological, Evolutionary, And Invasion Dynamics Using The Solidago Gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) Polyploid Complex, Angela M. Walczyk Jan 2022

Investigating The Role Of Genomic Material Costs In Ecological, Evolutionary, And Invasion Dynamics Using The Solidago Gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) Polyploid Complex, Angela M. Walczyk

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Polyploidy (whole genome duplication) is large-scale mutation that increases genome size and alters the genomic expression patterns, thus influencing morphological and physiological traits. Given that polyploids and progenitor diploids can be geographically segregated, and that polyploidy is prevalent in invasive plant taxa, polyploidy might affect the ability to tolerate and adapt to variable and/or novel environments. Responsiveness to soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability are of particular interest because 1) nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) require large amounts of N and P for their biosynthesis, potentially disadvantaging polyploids in nutrient-poor environments; and 2) biological invasions usually begin in urbanized …

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Exploration Of Light-Driven, Zirconium Catalyzed Hydrophosphination And Progress Towards Asymmetric Hydrophosphination, Bryan Teixeira Novas Jan 2022

Exploration Of Light-Driven, Zirconium Catalyzed Hydrophosphination And Progress Towards Asymmetric Hydrophosphination, Bryan Teixeira Novas

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Direct irradiation of UV or visible light on zirconium catalyzed hydrophosphination reactions have shown to improve relative reaction rate and unlock new reactivity in contrast to reactions run in ambient light or the exclusion of light. The fist compound observed to receive this benefit was a triamidoamine-supported zirconium complex abbreviated (N3N)Zr that has been extensively studied by our group. UV-vis spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations of early experiments revealed the nature of this improved reactivity being the population of an excited state that exhibits significant Zr–P σ* character in the active catalyst upon photon absorbance. This nd charge transfer elongates the …

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Investigations Into Phosphinidene Transfer Mediated By Main Group And Transition Metal Compounds, Evan A. Beretta Jan 2022

Investigations Into Phosphinidene Transfer Mediated By Main Group And Transition Metal Compounds, Evan A. Beretta

UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses

A class of transition-metal and main group compounds will be synthesized and investigated for their hypothesized propensity for main group bond formation via low-valent fragment transfer. Low-valent fragments are reactive species that can insert into various elemental bonds, and methods to generate these reactive intermediates represent fundamentally important synthetic methodologies. It is proposed here that catalytic routes to generate and transfer phosphinidenes may be optimized by utilizing transition-metal and main group compounds bearing differing steric and electronic ligands. The work here is expected to expand upon main group bond formation via new catalysts, phosphinidene sources, and alkene/diene “traps,” based on …

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Characterizing Phosphorus Transport To Agricultural Tile Drains In Vermont, Ryan Andrew Ruggiero Jan 2022

Characterizing Phosphorus Transport To Agricultural Tile Drains In Vermont, Ryan Andrew Ruggiero

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Dairy agroecosystems use subsurface or tile drainage to improve trafficability and crop yield. One of the main concerns of tile drainage is that it acts as a major source of non-point phosphorus (P) pollution because of preferential flow pathways (PFP). PFP are large conduits in the soil that allow rapid movement of water. This reduces contact time infiltrate has with deeper soil horizons, which are not saturated with P and that could act as a sink for this nutrient. Also, PFP are responsible for channeling manure applied at the surface to tile drains. The rate of tile drain installation is …

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Phosphorus Dynamics In Restored Riparian Wetlands On Former Agricultural Land In Vermont, Adrian Robert Hendrick Wiegman Jan 2022

Phosphorus Dynamics In Restored Riparian Wetlands On Former Agricultural Land In Vermont, Adrian Robert Hendrick Wiegman

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Wetland restoration has numerous potential ecological and societal benefits, one of which is the retention of phosphorus (P) and consequent protection of downstream water bodies from eutrophication. Past studies focused on influents to and effluents from a variety of wetland types have documented net P retention. However, some wetland systems are less effective at P capture and wetland P retention capacity can change over time. Certain wetland types - especially riparian wetlands restored on former agricultural land - remain understudied. In Vermont, most of the over 4000 potential wetland restoration sites in the Lake Champlain Basin are located on current …

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Influence Of Dissolved Organic Matter On Phosphate Interactions With Hydrous Ferric Oxides, Alaa Hasan Alsherbi Jan 2022

Influence Of Dissolved Organic Matter On Phosphate Interactions With Hydrous Ferric Oxides, Alaa Hasan Alsherbi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Phosphorus, iron oxides, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are components present in all aquatic systems. Excess amounts of phosphorus in aquatic systems have the potential for toxic effects, in particular, contributing to eutrophication. Most of the previous studies performed looked at the surface complexation of inorganic phosphate anions (P) to mineral surfaces such as hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). However, the role of DOM on the interactions between HFO and P is unknown. This study investigates the influence of DOM on the surface complexation of P onto HFO surfaces. Moreover, this study looks at the possibility of cation bridging formation (Ca …

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