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Losing Ground, Alison Kanski
Losing Ground, Alison Kanski
Capstones
Climate change and sea level rise are slowly decimating beaches. But the U.S. government and loyal residents won't let go of the beaches so easily.
A determined resident of the Rockaways in New York fights for the money and attention from governments to sustain his lifelong home and stop it from washing away.
Role Of Dignity In Rural Natural Resource Governance, Tora Johnson
Role Of Dignity In Rural Natural Resource Governance, Tora Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dignity is “an internal state of peace that comes with the recognition and acceptance of the value and vulnerability of all living things” (Hicks, 2011, p. 1). Dignity is a crucial element in effective governance arrangements. This study applies dignity theory, and related theories of natural resource governance and environmental communication, to understand and overcome barriers to effective governance of common pool resources in rural communities. Chapter 1 reviews relevant literature on natural resource governance and develops a theoretical framework for dignity. Chapter 2 applies dignity theory to a contentious comprehensive planning process in a small Maine town in order …
Vulnerable Species In A Changing Climate: The Genomic Response Of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes To Predicted Oceanic Conditions As A Model Of Physiological Plasticity And Adaptive Capability, Troy James Huth
Theses and Dissertations
In its fifth report in 2014 the IPCC reinforced the contribution of anthropogenic CO2 to global climate change predicting widespread and significant changes to the global climate over a relatively short time scale. The polar regions, including the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, were identified as ecosystems that may experience the most rapid and severe changes. As the Southern Ocean is one of the coldest and most oceanographically stable regions on earth, the endemic fauna likely have no alternative habitats available for migration. Further compounding the challenge these species will face is the substantial degree of adaptation to the extreme cold …
Forest Management Under The Uncertainties Of Carbon Life Cycle, Zhuo Ning
Forest Management Under The Uncertainties Of Carbon Life Cycle, Zhuo Ning
Theses and Dissertations
Forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. It can not only provide carbon sequestration in standing forests and long-life forest products, but can also reduce carbon release by bioenergy’s substitution of fossil fuel. Therefore, a comprehensive impact from forest carbon on landowners’ forest management decisions should be analyzed when considering those uncertainties in carbon life cycle. The first part of the dissertation is a meta-analysis review, in which important factors that can influence the estimation of harvesting rotations under carbon sequestration are summarized and analyzed. It concludes that some issues as natural disturbances and forest bioenergy deserve more …
Disaggregating The Effect Of Drought And Heat Stress During Flowering On Spikelet Fertility In Rice, Lisa Straussberger
Disaggregating The Effect Of Drought And Heat Stress During Flowering On Spikelet Fertility In Rice, Lisa Straussberger
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Due to rice’s wide geographic distribution, extending from 50°N to 35°S, rice is
forecasted to be the most vulnerable crop to warming global climates. Previous studies have
predicted lower rice yields and increasing rice yield variability due to higher frequencies of heat
stress events, and a higher variability in precipitation patterns due to global warming. As such,
understanding the effects of drought and heat stress intensity and frequency on rice yields is of
upmost importance to feeding the growing global population.
Given that drought and high-temperature stress often occur together, it is essential to
disaggregate the two individual stressors and …
Pathogen Removal In Natural Wastewater Treatment And Resource Recovery Systems: Solutions For Small Cities In An Urbanizing World, Matthew Eric Verbyla
Pathogen Removal In Natural Wastewater Treatment And Resource Recovery Systems: Solutions For Small Cities In An Urbanizing World, Matthew Eric Verbyla
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sanitation, renewable energy, and food security are among the most pressing global development needs of the century, especially for small cities with rapid population growth. Currently, 53% of the world’s population either lacks access to improved sanitation or discharges fecal waste to the environment without treatment. Furthermore, 80% of food consumed in developing regions is produced by 500 million small farms, and while many of them are still rain-fed, irrigated agriculture is increasing. The post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals, recently adopted by the United Nations, include targets to address the water-energy-food nexus. Wastewater reuse in agriculture can be an important solution …
Species Specific Microcalcification In Reef Building Caribbean Corals In Ocean Acidification Conditions, Ashley M. Dungan
Species Specific Microcalcification In Reef Building Caribbean Corals In Ocean Acidification Conditions, Ashley M. Dungan
HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations
Coral reefs are one of the most economically important ecosystems on the planet. Despite their great contribution to the world economy, anthropogenic influence via carbon dioxide emissions is leading to unprecedented changes with concerns about subsequent negative impacts on reefs. Surface ocean pH has dropped 0.1 units in the past century; in spite of this rapid shift in oceanic chemistry, it is unclear if individual species or life stages of Caribbean stony corals will be more sensitive to ocean acidification (OA). Examined is the relationship between CO2-induced seawater acidification, net calcification, photosynthesis, and respiration in three model Caribbean …
Multiobjective Optimization Of Low Impact Development Stormwater Controls Under Climate Change Conditions, Kyle Barry Claver Eckart
Multiobjective Optimization Of Low Impact Development Stormwater Controls Under Climate Change Conditions, Kyle Barry Claver Eckart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A coupled optimization-simulation model was developed by linking the U.S. EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to the Borg Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm (Borg MOEA). The coupled model is capable of performing multiobjective optimization which use SWMM simulations as a tool to evaluate potential solutions to the optimization problem. For this research, the optimization-simulation tool was used to evaluate low impact development (LID) stormwater controls. LID is becoming increasingly prevalent as a climate change adaptation strategy. A SWMM model was developed, calibrated, and validated for a sewershed in Windsor, Ontario. LID stormwater controls were tested under both historical and climate change conditions. …
Understanding The Hydrological Impacts Of Climate Variability And Climate Change Based On Numerical Modeling And Observations, Dana Thomas Parr
Understanding The Hydrological Impacts Of Climate Variability And Climate Change Based On Numerical Modeling And Observations, Dana Thomas Parr
Doctoral Dissertations
The objective of this dissertation research is to better understand the hydrological impacts of climate variability and climate change. This objective is first addressed in a two-part study focusing on the Northeast US using the Connecticut River Basin as a case study. Changes to the hydrological cycle are investigated for the past several decades using precipitation and river discharge data from observations and soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) from the VIC hydrological model. From 1950-2011 a clear increase of precipitation intensity is identified, together with increasing precipitation amount, discharge, runoff ratios, and soil moisture. The ET trend is negligible. This …
Mechanisms Of Changes In Precipitation And Atmospheric Circulation From Anthropogenic Forcing, Jie He
Mechanisms Of Changes In Precipitation And Atmospheric Circulation From Anthropogenic Forcing, Jie He
Open Access Dissertations
Simulating and understanding the anthropogenic changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation is a great challenge in climate change studies. Current climate projections rely primarily on coupled atmosphere-ocean models (CGCMs). Due to limited computational resources, these CGCMs have to be run at resolutions that are too low to adequately resolve the climate system. In addition, the climatological biases in CGCMs could also undermine their skillfulness. An alternative model framework – the atmosphere-only models (AGCMs) has been long proposed owing to its superior computational efficiency and better sea surface temperature (SST) climatology. However, AGCMs are often criticized for its lack of coupling …
Multi-Stress Proteomics: The Global Protein Response To Multiple Environmental Stressors In The Porcelain Crab Petrolisthes Cinctipes, Michael A. Garland
Multi-Stress Proteomics: The Global Protein Response To Multiple Environmental Stressors In The Porcelain Crab Petrolisthes Cinctipes, Michael A. Garland
Master's Theses
Global climate change is increasing the number of hot days along the California coast as well as increasing the incidence of off-shore upwelling events that lower the pH of intertidal seawater; thus, intertidal organisms are experiencing an increase in more than one stress simultaneously. This study seeks to characterize the global protein response of the eurythermal porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes to changes in thermal, pH, and tidal regime treatments, either combined or individually. The first experiment examined temperature stress alone and sought to determine the effect of chronic temperature acclimation on the acute heat shock response. We compared the proteomic …
Toxin Production And Population Dynamics Of Gloeotrichia Echinulata With Considerations Of Global Climate Change, Sarah Stamann
Toxin Production And Population Dynamics Of Gloeotrichia Echinulata With Considerations Of Global Climate Change, Sarah Stamann
Masters Theses
Global climate change has been identified as a driver for increasing cyanobacteria blooms world-wide. Blooms of the cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, (hereafter, G. echinulata) have been observed in Silver Lake (Oceana County, MI), often forming dense surface scums. This organism is known to produce the hepatotoxin, microcystin- LR, and its growth is linked to phosphorus accumulation from sediment and temperature.
A series of experiments at ambient and elevated temperatures (+2° and +6°above ambient) with sediment from four locations in Silver Lake with varying phosphorus concentrations were conducted to examine the effect of these variables on G. echinulata growth. These …
Impacts Of Changing Snowmelt Timing On Non-Irrigated Crop Yield, Erin Murray
Impacts Of Changing Snowmelt Timing On Non-Irrigated Crop Yield, Erin Murray
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
As climate changes, the final date of spring snowmelt is projected to occur earlier in the year within the western United States. This earlier snowmelt timing may impact crop yield in snow-dominated watersheds by changing the timing of water delivery to agricultural fields. There is considerable uncertainty about how agricultural impacts of snowmelt timing may vary by region, crop type, and practices like irrigation vs. dryland farming. We utilize parametric regression techniques to isolate the magnitude of impact snowmelt timing has had on historical crop yield independently of climate and physiographic variables that also impact yield. To do this, we …
Investigating Annual Variation In Fruit Quality Using Nutrient Assays And Multidimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Harshita Sood
Investigating Annual Variation In Fruit Quality Using Nutrient Assays And Multidimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Harshita Sood
Theses
Each year, billions of birds engage in migratory behavior in response to seasonal changes. During fall migration, many birds consume nutritionally rich fruits with high energy density to satisfy their energy requirements, and rich in antioxidant capacity to alleviate oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to investigate the variation in nutritional content and antioxidant content of fruits from two different years, and compare these with trends in temperature and precipitation during the years. The fruits of 12 shrubs were collected during autumn of 2012 and 2013 in Rochester, NY. Nutrient analyses were used to measure the energy density, …
Environment And Human Health In The Anthropocene: Interaction Between Natural And Social Systems In Coastal Tanzania, Frederick A. Armah
Environment And Human Health In The Anthropocene: Interaction Between Natural And Social Systems In Coastal Tanzania, Frederick A. Armah
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Coastal Tanzania, a region of historical and geopolitical importance in the western Indian Ocean, is a place where the problem of rapid environmental change is inextricably entwined with the challenges of development. In this region, although the fingerprint of the anthropocene has been discernible over the last century, there is paucity of research on how the population has interacted with the changing environment to generate disparities in perceptions of climate change and human health outcomes. The objectives of this thesis are four-fold: to assess barriers to climate change adaptation based on context (place), to explain group disparities in barriers to …
Thermal Performance Covaries With Environmental Temperature Across Populations Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar), Kayla J. Harding Gradil
Thermal Performance Covaries With Environmental Temperature Across Populations Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar), Kayla J. Harding Gradil
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Global climate change is projected to have widespread effects that could threaten the viability of natural populations. Physiological processes of aquatic ectotherms critically depend on their thermal environment, such that the optima for performance often correspond to environmental temperatures. Given predicted changes in aquatic thermal environments, it is increasingly important to understand organism’s underlying physiological mechanisms utilized to cope with these changes. Here, I show that three populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are narrowly adapted to their native summer temperatures, such that thermal tolerance is optimized near average temperatures and collapses near peak temperatures. Further, I found …
Heterotrophy And Lipids As Indicators Of Resilience To Climate Change Stress In Scleractinian Corals, Erica K. Towle
Heterotrophy And Lipids As Indicators Of Resilience To Climate Change Stress In Scleractinian Corals, Erica K. Towle
Open Access Dissertations
Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems with high biological, cultural, economic, and recreational value that are facing multiple anthropogenic stressors, the greatest of which is global climate change via warming and ocean acidification (OA). Increased warming throughout the century may reach a point where frequent bleaching, the expulsion of corals’ symbiotic algae that can provide the coral with over 90% of its daily metabolic requirements, may cause widespread mortality. OA, a result of increased carbon dioxide dissolving into seawater, changes the chemistry of seawater such that the pH of the ocean becomes more acidic. This decrease in pH is accompanied by …
Environmental And Adaptive Buffers That Mediate The Response Of Subalpine Ecosystems To Environmental Change, Lafe G. Conner
Environmental And Adaptive Buffers That Mediate The Response Of Subalpine Ecosystems To Environmental Change, Lafe G. Conner
Theses and Dissertations
This document reports the results of 4 studies of subalpine ecosystem ecology, describing ways that spatial heterogeneity in soils and plant communities mediate ecosystem responses to environmental change. Ecosystem responses to environmental change are also mediated by regional climate patterns and interannual variability in weather. In the first chapter we report the results of an experiment to test for the mediating effects of associational resistance in a forest community that experienced wide-spread beetle kill. We found that Engelmann spruce were more likely to survive a beetle outbreak when growing in low densities (host dilution) and not through other types of …
Chutes And Ladders: Climate Variability And The Decision To Enter Sex Work In India, Kate Pennington
Chutes And Ladders: Climate Variability And The Decision To Enter Sex Work In India, Kate Pennington
Master's Theses
There is widespread consensus that climate change will drive large-scale changes in poverty distributions, migration, and participation in risky informal labor markets, especially for poor households in developing countries which are both more likely to depend on the environment for their livelihood and less able to insulate against climate shocks. Within poor households, gender inequality means that women and children will bear a disproportional amount of welfare losses. I examine the impact of climate variability on migration and participation in risky informal labor markets for a particularly vulnerable population: female sex workers in India. Using a unique survey of 5,498 …
Too Wet For Frogs, Too Dry For Lizards: Role Of Changing Precipitation On Tropical Frogs And Arid Lizards, Mason J. Ryan
Too Wet For Frogs, Too Dry For Lizards: Role Of Changing Precipitation On Tropical Frogs And Arid Lizards, Mason J. Ryan
Biology ETDs
During the course of the Anthropocene, humans have modified the landscape and atmosphere resulting in increased global temperatures and intensification of the hydrologic cycle over the last 100 years. Amphibians and reptiles are especially vulnerable to climate change because of their ectothermic physiology and sensitivity to changes in water availability. The role of moisture or precipitation in ectotherm responses to climate change has not been well studied, but moisture plays a vital role in all aspects of the lives of lizards and frogs. It is exceedingly difficult to study the ecological effects of changing precipitation patterns due the stochastic nature …
The Indirect Effects Of Climate Variability On The Reproductive Dynamics And Productivity Of An Avian Predator In The Arid Southwest, Corrie C. Borgman
The Indirect Effects Of Climate Variability On The Reproductive Dynamics And Productivity Of An Avian Predator In The Arid Southwest, Corrie C. Borgman
Biology ETDs
The deserts of the Southwestern United States are experiencing rapid warming and climate models predict declining winter precipitation. The combined effects of higher air temperatures and drought are a reduction in productivity, which may importantly impact reproduction in consumers. Here, we investigate the effects of warming and drought on the reproductive timing and output in loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in central New Mexico from 2007 to 2012. We found increases in air temperature of 3°C during the breeding season (March—July) and highly variable winter and annual precipitation. With increasing spring temperatures, shrikes advanced nesting phenology by 20 days over 6 …
Faith-Based Organizations In Disaster Relief: Locally-Based Strategies For A Higher Demand Future, Zach Goldberg
Faith-Based Organizations In Disaster Relief: Locally-Based Strategies For A Higher Demand Future, Zach Goldberg
Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All
Due to the effects of climate change, natural disasters are beginning to occur more frequently and are causing greater destruction. The American disaster relief system currently relies on a nationally focused, top-down approach. As resources become more and more limited, it is expected that disaster relief fatigue will occur, required local communities to take a larger role in their disaster relief processes. Right now, major player in both local and national disaster relief are Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs), who provide many crucial services before and after disasters
This paper develops an economic model of the rebuilding stage of disaster relief in …
Recent Shoreline Erosion Rates Along Black River Bay, Jamaica: Erosion And Recovery After Hurricane Ivan In 2004, Karen Louise Zelzer
Recent Shoreline Erosion Rates Along Black River Bay, Jamaica: Erosion And Recovery After Hurricane Ivan In 2004, Karen Louise Zelzer
MSU Graduate Theses
Rising sea level is threatening coastal areas, particularly those in the Caribbean which rely heavily on tourism and marine resources to support local economies. The purpose of this study is to analyze shoreline position along the south coast of Jamaica to determine the locations and rates of coastal change. IKONOS satellite imagery sets for 2003, 2007 and 2012 were used to monitor land use and shoreline changes along Black River Bay, including Galleon Beach Fish Sanctuary, in St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. In particular, the effect of Hurricane Ivan in 2004 on shoreline changes was evaluated. Erosion rates were significantly higher during …
Exploring The Effect Of Climate Change On Biological Systems, Nardos Sori
Exploring The Effect Of Climate Change On Biological Systems, Nardos Sori
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
The present and potential future effect of global warming on the ecosystem has brought climate change to the forefront of scientific inquiry and discussion. For our investigation, we selected two organisms, one from cyanobacteria and one from a cereal plant to determine how climate change may impact these biological systems. The study involved understanding the physiological and adaptive responses at both the genetic and protein function levels to counteract environmental stresses. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is a key factor in global climate change and can lead to alterations in ocean chemistry. Cyanobacteria are important, ancient and ubiquitous organisms …
Essays On Air Pollution, Global Warming And Agriculture Productivity., Ridhima Gupta Dr.
Essays On Air Pollution, Global Warming And Agriculture Productivity., Ridhima Gupta Dr.
Doctoral Theses
This dissertation consists of three chapters, each of which deals with a particular aspect of environmental policy. The first chapter focuses on the determinants of open-field burning of rice-residue with the aim of analysing possibilities for its regulation. Open field burning is the second-largest contributor to black carbon in South Asia, the second most important greenhouse agent after carbon dioxide. Thus, dealing with the problem of burning of rice residue will tackle a significant proportion of the black carbon emissions released into the atmosphere. The third chapter proposes a new approach for estimating the contribution of agricultural fires to atmospheric …
Moor Movement: Automated Docking On Drought-Stricken Reservoirs, Daniel Beck
Moor Movement: Automated Docking On Drought-Stricken Reservoirs, Daniel Beck
Landscape Architecture
Moor Movement establishes a mechanized docking system for unpredictable shoreline fluctuations on inland lakes and reservoirs. Due to climate change and warmer global temperatures, the threat of ocean level rise has initiated massive proposals to address the interface between ocean and man-made infrastructure. While this is a monumental problem, ocean level rise is not the only immediate threat. The recently declared emergency drought conditions in California are finally bringing attention to inland lakes and reservoirs. While ocean levels might rise 2-7 feet in 100 years, a lake could drop 100 feet in 5 years. What happens to access roads, marinas, …
Three Essays On The Impact Of Global Warming In India., Eshita Gupta Dr.
Three Essays On The Impact Of Global Warming In India., Eshita Gupta Dr.
Doctoral Theses
This dissertation consists of three chapters. The Örst chapter studies the impact of climate change on electricity demand in Delhi using daily data on electricity demand and apparent temperature for the period 2000-09. It estimates a semi-parametric variable coe¢ - cient model that allows for a non-linear relationship between temperature and electricity to shift over time, a feature that is necessary to incorporate given the rapid economic growth in India. As evident from previous studies, electricity demand is a U-shaped function of temperature. Three results from our analysis have important implications for electricityclimate policy: Firstly, the rising part of the …
Instantaneous Photosynthetic Response To Temperature Of Mature Forest Canopies And Experimentally Warmed Seedlings, Alida C. Mau
Instantaneous Photosynthetic Response To Temperature Of Mature Forest Canopies And Experimentally Warmed Seedlings, Alida C. Mau
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Tropical trees have been shown to be more susceptible to warming compared to temperate species, and have shown growth and photosynthetic declines at elevated temperatures as little as 3oC above ambient. However, regional and global vegetation models lack the data needed to accurately represent physiological response to increased temperatures in tropical forests. We compared the instantaneous photosynthetic responses to elevated temperatures of four mature tropical rainforest tree species in Puerto Rico and the temperate broadleaf species sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in Michigan. Contrary to expectations, leaves in the upper canopy of both temperate and tropical forests had temperature …
Investigating The Effects Of Short- And Long-Term Climatic Variation On The Water Use Of Three Northern Hardwood Tree Species, Alex R. Collins
Investigating The Effects Of Short- And Long-Term Climatic Variation On The Water Use Of Three Northern Hardwood Tree Species, Alex R. Collins
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Many tree species are expected to decline in the northern Midwestern United States due to climate change increasing annual temperature 3-5º C by 2100. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum), an economically important timber and syrup species, is not expected to be sustainable in its current range under projected future climate, while trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and red maple (Acer rubrum) are expected to react more favorably to climate change. The success of individual tree species is dependent on how climate change will alter a species environment in regards to water use. Climate change could …
Integrated Hydrologic Land Surface State Climate Indicators, Brian Lamb
Integrated Hydrologic Land Surface State Climate Indicators, Brian Lamb
Dissertations and Theses
No abstract provided.