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Synthesis And Characterization Of New Gd3+-Containing Complexes As Potential Targeted Contrast Agents For Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sashiprabha Manjari Vithanarachchi
Synthesis And Characterization Of New Gd3+-Containing Complexes As Potential Targeted Contrast Agents For Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sashiprabha Manjari Vithanarachchi
Wayne State University Dissertations
The focus of the research described in this thesis is the study of chemistry relevant to target-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is a widely used technique in diagnostic medicine and biomedical research to obtain anatomical and physiological details of soft tissues. Contrast agents are used to enhance the contrast of MR images by causing changes to the chemical environment of water molecules. Clinically approved GdIII-containing contrast agents for MRI are non-specific, and consequently, have limited utility. Target-specific contrast agents represent one way to circumvent this limitation. In the research described in this thesis, myelin and Β-amyloid …
Changes In Cerebral White Matter, Vascular Risk And Cognition Across The Adult Lifespan, Andrew Robert Bender
Changes In Cerebral White Matter, Vascular Risk And Cognition Across The Adult Lifespan, Andrew Robert Bender
Wayne State University Dissertations
Numerous studies over the past decade have used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine associations between age, diffusion and anisotropy measures of cerebral white matter (WM), and cognitive performance. However, few have examined relationships between intra-individual change in DTI measures of WM and cognitive function. It is possible that the extant cross-sectional findings are a poor representation of age-related change in WM and cognition. The present study used latent difference-score modeling (LDM) to assess change over two years in DTI indices fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (DR), axial diffusivity (DA) and mean diffusivity (MD). In addition, we examined the effects …
Pedestrian Head Protection During Car To Pedestrian Accidents: In The Event Of Primary Impact With Vehicle And Secondary Impact With Ground, Vishal Gupta
Wayne State University Dissertations
Current regulations for assessing pedestrian safety use a simplified test setup that ignores many real-world factors. In particular, the level of protection is assessed using a free-motion headform impacting the vehicle's hood at a fixed angle. As such, this test setup does not capture the effect due to the vehicle front-end profile, nor does it comprehend injury due to a possible secondary impact of the pedestrian's head with ground. This thesis aims to numerically simulate vehicle to pedestrian crashes to develop knowledge that may suggest ways to improve safety above and beyond the regulatory tests. Inputs to the simulations include …
The Mechanism Of Regulation Of Autosomal Heterochromatic Genes In Drosophila Melanogaster Males By Rox Rna And Msl Proteins, Satya Kiran Koya
The Mechanism Of Regulation Of Autosomal Heterochromatic Genes In Drosophila Melanogaster Males By Rox Rna And Msl Proteins, Satya Kiran Koya
Wayne State University Dissertations
In humans and flies, males and females have different set of sex chromosomes contributing to different levels of X-linked gene expression. To equalize X-linked gene dosage between sexes, both humans and flies developed independent strategies which are called dosage compensation. Human females randomly inactivate one of their X chromosome into barr body and Drosophila males up regulate their single X chromosome two fold. Both strategies equalize of X linked gene dose between sexes.
In Drosophila, dosage compensation is brought about by the ribonucleoprotein Male Specific Lethal (MSL) complex that binds hundreds of sites along the X chromosome and modifies …
Commedia: Rhetoric And Technology In The Media Commons, Conor James Shaw-Draves
Commedia: Rhetoric And Technology In The Media Commons, Conor James Shaw-Draves
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation analyzes the organization of individuals through online social media applications and other community-building websites, such as Facebook, Wikipedia, Google Maps, and online classrooms, using the Aristotelian rhetorical concept of the commonplaces as well as political, critical, and legal theory. Based on these analyses, this dissertation also provides pedagogical recommendations for the teaching of writing with technology in both online and physical classrooms.
Influence Of Target Population Misspecification On Employee Perceptions At A, Joe Lee Smith
Influence Of Target Population Misspecification On Employee Perceptions At A, Joe Lee Smith
Wayne State University Dissertations
Numerous researchers have conducted qualitative and quantitative studies examining employee perceptions related to changes in their work environment based upon management/top-down (deductive) communication of vision, mission, and envisioned organization goals Hofstede, Neuijen, Daval, Ohayv, & Sanders (1990), but research on the influence of subgroup/identity types on workforce perception is sparse Dutton, Dukerich, & Harquail (1994). Data on subgroup identification with the mission and strategic goals envisioned by management/administration is limited. Also limited is knowledge of the influence they have over their members, which places management at a disadvantage in planning strategic organization objectives Albert & Whetten, (1985). These subgroups have …
A Comprehensive Study Of Nonlinear Effects Of Coupling Materials In Ultrasound Infrared Imaging, Yuyang Song
A Comprehensive Study Of Nonlinear Effects Of Coupling Materials In Ultrasound Infrared Imaging, Yuyang Song
Wayne State University Dissertations
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) is a multidisciplinary field of research, which is focused on the development of analysis and measurement technologies for the quantitative characterization of materials, components and structures. It is a key process used in product evaluation, troubleshooting for the quality assurance in industry. Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging technology is a hybrid sensing and imaging technique, in which cracks in an object are caused to become visible in the infrared imaging through frictional heating associated with the application of a short pulse of low-frequency ultrasound. The technique uses pulses of ultrasonic excitation applied to a sample for a fraction …
Competencies For A Leadership Role In Educational Development, Kristi Jordan Verbeke
Competencies For A Leadership Role In Educational Development, Kristi Jordan Verbeke
Wayne State University Dissertations
Because the field of educational development (also known as faculty development, academic development, and staff development) is relatively new, very little is known about the competencies required for those who work in the field. Additionally, there are no formal pathways or means of formal preparation for educational developers. This study utilized a mixed-methods research design to explore the competencies required for a leadership role in the field of educational development.
The first part of the study sought to identify these competencies by using the Delphi technique to survey experts in the field. The second part explored whether these competencies were …
Matriptase Mediated C-Met Signaling In Breast Cancer, Gina Lynn Zoratti
Matriptase Mediated C-Met Signaling In Breast Cancer, Gina Lynn Zoratti
Wayne State University Dissertations
MATRIPTASE MEDIATED c-MET SIGNALING IN CRITICAL FOR BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION
by
GINA ZORATTI
Historically proteases have been associated with tumor progression and metastasis through degradation of the basement membrane. However, in recent years these enzymes have also been shown to play key roles in the activation of growth factors and cytokines, thereby activating pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Matriptase (MT-SP1, ST14) is an epithelia-specific pericellular protease which has received considerable attention in recent years spurred by the consistent dysregulation of the protease in human epithelial tumors including breast cancer. We have performed both functional and mechanistic studies of matriptase in breast cancer …
Religiosity-Spirituality And Risky Drinking Over The Transition To College: A Multi-Wave Longitudinal Study, Brian J. Klassen
Religiosity-Spirituality And Risky Drinking Over The Transition To College: A Multi-Wave Longitudinal Study, Brian J. Klassen
Wayne State University Dissertations
Although the relationship between religiosity-spirituality and risky alcohol use is one of the most frequently studied topics in mental health, relatively little is known about how these variables relate to each other over time, especially during specific developmental periods such as the transition from high school to college. This study analyzed three waves of self-report data collected from a sample (N=623) of college students over a two-year period. Analyses examined (1) the stability of religiosity-spirituality and risky drinking over the transition to college, (2) the magnitude and direction of relationships between religiosity-spirituality and risky drinking, (3) the degree to which …
Economic Determinants Of Quality Of Care In Nursing Homes, Wei Lu
Economic Determinants Of Quality Of Care In Nursing Homes, Wei Lu
Wayne State University Dissertations
ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY OF CARE IN NURSING HOMES
This dissertation examines the factors that will affect nursing home quality of care using several national data sources on market regulation, county demographic characteristics, market structural and the characteristics of different types of long-term care providers in 2010.
The first study examines how nine different measures of nursing home care quality respond to the greater levels of local market competition from these alternative providers of long-term care, as well as other nursing homes. Findings reveal that faced with greater competition from assisted living facilities, nursing homes are left to care for …
Economic Analysis Of Preventive Care Utilization Among Older Adults, Boon Peng Ng
Economic Analysis Of Preventive Care Utilization Among Older Adults, Boon Peng Ng
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation seeks to examine the economic determinants of the use of preventive services among older adults. It contains two studies that focus on the effects of public health policy and health shocks on the initiation of use of preventive services among older adults.
In January 2005, Medicare began covering a one-time initial preventive physical examination (IPPE), also called a "Welcome to Medicare" visit, for new beneficiaries. This benefit was only available during a beneficiary's first six months after enrolling in Part B. The first study examines the effects of covering an IPPE on the use of mammograms, breast self-exams, …
Self-Construal Moderates Testosterone Reactivity To Competitive Outcomes, Keith Welker
Self-Construal Moderates Testosterone Reactivity To Competitive Outcomes, Keith Welker
Wayne State University Dissertations
Previous research shows that testosterone reactivity to competitive outcomes predicts aggressive behavior in men. However, some studies have failed to find these effects, and it has been suggested that individual differences moderate the relationships between competitive outcomes, testosterone fluctuations, and aggressive behavior. The current research examined whether one individual difference--self-construal--would moderate these effects. In Study 1, participants were assigned to win or lose a competitive video game and engaged in a reactive aggression task. Results indicated that increases in testosterone in response to winning and decreases in response to losing occurred in men with independent, not interdependent, self-construals. These changes …
Social Status, Opportunity And Repeat Victimization: The Unequal Distribution Of Safety, Zavin Nazaretian
Social Status, Opportunity And Repeat Victimization: The Unequal Distribution Of Safety, Zavin Nazaretian
Wayne State University Dissertations
This research examines the relationship between victimization, social status and opportunity. More specifically, the effects of social status and opportunity on repeat victimization are examined. How does social status and opportunity simultaneously effect repeat victimization? This report consists of a secondary data analysis of the 2004 and 2009 Canadian Victimization Survey with a combined sample size of 43,200 people who were interviewed by telephone. Opportunity either partially or completely mediated the effects of social status on repeat victimization; however for certain subsamples neither opportunity nor social status explained repeat victimization. Additionally, the groups whose victimization was not explained by opportunity …
Combating Resistance To Epidermal Growth Factor Recpetor Inhibitors In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Julie Marie Madden
Combating Resistance To Epidermal Growth Factor Recpetor Inhibitors In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Julie Marie Madden
Wayne State University Dissertations
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients suffer from a highly malignant and aggressive cancer that lacks an effective targeted therapeutic. Although many TNBCs, both in vitro and in vivo, have increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR targeted inhibitors, such as gefitinib (GEF), have yet to demonstrate efficacy. Using mass spectrometry to identify pathways that remain activated in the presence of GEF, we found that components of the mTOR signaling pathway remain phosphorylated. While inhibiting mTOR with temsirolimus (TEM) decreased mTOR signaling, EGFR signaling pathways remained activated and the TNBC cell lines continued to proliferate. However, dual treatment …
Pathway Profiling Of Replicative And Induced Senescence, Maggie Purcell
Pathway Profiling Of Replicative And Induced Senescence, Maggie Purcell
Wayne State University Dissertations
Senescence is a permanent withdrawal from cell cycle that occurs naturally in cells in response to the shortening of telomeres. This natural "clock" serves to limit the number of cell divisions and therefore protects the cell from potentially carcinogenic mutations. However, senescence also occurs in response to external stresses to the cell, which is known as induced senescence. This study compares the mechanisms of natural senescence, a response to the shortening of telomeres during replication, with induced senescence by using various drugs to induce senescence: 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (a demethylating agent), Adriamycin (a chemotherapeutic drug), and H2O2 (an agent causing oxidative stress). …
Marketing Good Taste: Print Agents' Use Of Paratext To Shape Markets And Readers In Early Modern England, Andie Silva
Marketing Good Taste: Print Agents' Use Of Paratext To Shape Markets And Readers In Early Modern England, Andie Silva
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation examines the strategies deployed by print agents (publishers, booksellers, and printers) to create their unique niche in the marketplace. Building on scholarship that discusses how print agents shaped authorship, I argue that paratexts designed by print agents influenced the development of popular taste and even created new genres. Using contemporary marketing theory as an interpretative framework, this project traces the printing history of editions of single works in context with the careers of individual print agents. As my research demonstrates, print agents deliberately manipulated paratexts like title pages and prefaces to advertise printed books as unique investments, capable …
A Novel Function For 12-Lipoxygenase In C-Met And Integrin Β4 Axis Crosstalk, Elizabeth Tovar
A Novel Function For 12-Lipoxygenase In C-Met And Integrin Β4 Axis Crosstalk, Elizabeth Tovar
Wayne State University Dissertations
Cancer cell metastasis is the single most threatening occurrence of tumor progression and predicts patient prognosis as well as survival. Invasion can be regulated by the Met receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Met), integrin beta4, and the lipid enzyme, 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX). Therefore we sought to determine if beta4, c-MET and 12-LOX comprise a signaling axis. c-Met is implicated in cancer cell dissemination through regulation of invasion in EMT where cell-cell junctions are disturbed to allow motility. Furthermore, beta4 promotes cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix through hemidesmosomes. However, the homeostatic signaling functions of beta4's cytoplasmic tail can be hijacked by growth factor …
Patriotism Among Muslim American Opinion Leaders, Reem Abou-Samra
Patriotism Among Muslim American Opinion Leaders, Reem Abou-Samra
Wayne State University Dissertations
A significant degree of public opinion research has been conducted on Muslim Americans, but very little has focused on their perceptions. This study explores how opinion leaders address the question of patriotism, Americanness, hyphenated identities, and the implications of such a discourse. The study is confined to Wayne County, MI, because of the significant role Muslim Americans have played in labor struggles, local culture, civil rights, and their visibility. This study is significant because ongoing issues have triggered media attention on Muslim Americans and questioned their patriotism and Americanness, such as the "Ground Zero Mosque" debate, the "anti-Sharia" bill proposals, …
Critical Experiential Learning And Rhetorical Interventions In New Media Ecologies, Jennifer Niester-Mika
Critical Experiential Learning And Rhetorical Interventions In New Media Ecologies, Jennifer Niester-Mika
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation puts into conversation new media and network theories with the philosophical writings of John Dewey to reconstruct a more relevant and current approach to critical pedagogy that takes into account the shift in socioeconomic power as we move into a control society comprised of immaterial labor. My chapters tackle three different critical pedagogy dilemmas: the neglect of affect, agency in late-capitalism, and critical literacy in new media ecologies. Each chapter defines the dilemma, offers a theoretical response, and details a possible pedagogical application for the composition classroom.
Assumptions Of Authority: Social Washington's Evolution From Republican Court To Self-Rule, 1801-1831, Merry Ellen Scofield
Assumptions Of Authority: Social Washington's Evolution From Republican Court To Self-Rule, 1801-1831, Merry Ellen Scofield
Wayne State University Dissertations
Washington City's political society was born in late November 1800, when the early republic moved its seat of government from Philadelphia to the banks of the Potomac. Washington's political elite, many of them accustomed to the urban pleasures of the nation's largest city, found themselves forming a proper society among boardinghouses, muddy roads, and half-built public buildings. A simple social hierarchy developed based on political position. Despite Jefferson's protests that the Court of the United States had died with the Federalist era, a republican court formed around him. His issuance of a set of social tenets, written after the Merry …
Mechanisms For Bicarbonate-Mediated Virulence In Vibrio Cholerae, Joshua James Thomson
Mechanisms For Bicarbonate-Mediated Virulence In Vibrio Cholerae, Joshua James Thomson
Wayne State University Dissertations
Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. The aquatic bacterium is ingested by humans through contaminated water or food. Disease initiation depends on the production of the major virulence factors: cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). The bacterium responds to signals in the human host that activate a virulence regulatory cascade termed the "ToxR Regulon". The ToxR regulon consists of various transcription regulators whose activity culminates in the production of the major virulence regulator, ToxT. ToxT directly activates transcription of CT and TCP, as well as many other gene products involved in …
Ribonomic Control During Global Brain Ischemia And Reperfusion, Haihui Wang
Ribonomic Control During Global Brain Ischemia And Reperfusion, Haihui Wang
Wayne State University Dissertations
Abstract
RIBONOMIC CONTROL DURING GLOBAL BRAIN ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION
by HAIHUI WANG
August 2014
Advisor: Donald J. DeGracia, Ph.D.
Major: Physiology
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
The study presented here used "omic" technology to look at the mechanism behind the selective delayed death of hippocampus CA1 neurons after transient global brain ischemia. The main findings are summarized:
1. The main form of ELAV protein family member detected in CA1/CA3 in Hu protein immunoprecipitation and polysomes was HuB (Rel-N1). HuB is present in control CA3, 8 hr reperfused CA3, and 8 hr reperfused CA1, but absent from control CA1. AUF-1, hnRNP K, …
Social Cognitive Factors Associated With Verbal Bullying And Defending, Heather L. Carroll
Social Cognitive Factors Associated With Verbal Bullying And Defending, Heather L. Carroll
Wayne State University Dissertations
The purpose of the study was to examine defending and verbal bullying and the role of social cognitive variables, including empathy, values, moral disengagement, and efficacy among middle school students. Middle school students (n=282) in grades 6 through 8 in an urban public school district in Michigan participated in the study. Data were collected using a self-report survey format during the 2013-2014 school year. Social cognitive variables were analyzed by grade and gender. Results indicated a statistically significant main effect for gender. Female students reported significantly higher scores for empathy, self-transcendence values and openness to change values, in comparison to …
Can Animal Spirits Solve The Forward Premium Puzzle?, Anthony Paul Shkrelja
Can Animal Spirits Solve The Forward Premium Puzzle?, Anthony Paul Shkrelja
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation decomposes, discusses, and ventures to solve an international macroeconomic anomaly known as the "Forward Premium Puzzle" into three main chapters. Chapter 1 explores the state of research pertaining to the Forward Premium Puzzle, which derives from a failure in the Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP). The body of literature is split into three branches i. Those works advocating the presence of an anomaly due to assumption of Rational Expectations, ii. Works preserving the assumption of Rational Expectations and instead discuss a bias due to Risk Premia, and iii. Research focused on econometric implementation of the forward premium estimator. Furthermore, …
Regulation Of Nkcc2 Trafficking By Vesicle Fusion Proteins Vamp2 And Vamp3 In The Thick Ascending Limb, Paulo Sebastian Caceres Puzzella
Regulation Of Nkcc2 Trafficking By Vesicle Fusion Proteins Vamp2 And Vamp3 In The Thick Ascending Limb, Paulo Sebastian Caceres Puzzella
Wayne State University Dissertations
The thick ascending limb (TAL) in the kidney regulates extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. The Na/K/2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 plays a central role in NaCl absorption by the TAL and blood pressure. NKCC2 trafficking to the apical membrane is a major mechanism to control NKCC2 activity. However, little is known about the proteins that mediate NKCC2 trafficking. Inhibition of the vesicle fusion proteins VAMP2 and VAMP3 blunts the increase in surface NKCC2 expression and NaCl absorption in response to stimulation by cAMP. In other cells, VAMPs mediate fusion of exocytic vesicles with the plasma membrane. Whether VAMP2 and VAMP3 mediate …
Isolation And Characterization Of Natural Antimicrobials From Plant And Marine Organisms, Corene Barbara Canning
Isolation And Characterization Of Natural Antimicrobials From Plant And Marine Organisms, Corene Barbara Canning
Wayne State University Dissertations
Antibiotic agents have been found to have a limited lifespan due to the ability of microrganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance. In this study a number extracts of plant and marine organisms were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a number of high priority pathogens. Bioassay-guided fractionation of four extracts led to the identification of compounds with inhibitory activity; including one previously unknown compound. Compounds were evaluated through a variety of techniques including broth microdilution assay to determine each compound's MIC and MBC. The majority of the compounds showed antimicrobial activity equal to, if not better than, the commonly used antimicrobial …
Inclusive Education For Students With Emotional Impairments: Factors For Success, Jessica Cohen
Inclusive Education For Students With Emotional Impairments: Factors For Success, Jessica Cohen
Wayne State University Dissertations
Special education policy and practice are ever evolving to best meet the needs of all students in an inclusive environment. Since the implementation the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) thirty years ago, students with special needs have moved from restrictive, exclusionary placements to being educated alongside their same aged non-disabled peers. As we have moved towards viewing special education as a service, not a place, including more students with disabilities in the general education setting and curriculum has become the expected practice in the majority of public schools in the United States. Despite this progress, students with emotional impairments …
Falls And Hospitalized Cancer Patients, Rebecca Allan-Gibbs
Falls And Hospitalized Cancer Patients, Rebecca Allan-Gibbs
Wayne State University Dissertations
FALLS AND HOSPITALIZED CANCER PATIENTS
by
REBECCA ALLAN-GIBBS, MSN, RN, CNS-BC, AOCNS
May 2014
Advisor: Dr. Patricia Jarosz, PhD, RN
Major: Nursing
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Problem: Many hospital fall prevention studies have shown that having a diagnosis of cancer places patients at higher risk for falls/falls with injury when compared to other hospitalized groups of patients. Few studies have focused solely on cancer patients at risk for falls in the hospital setting. Specifically, this study used Dorothea Orem's theory of self-care (Orem, 2001), and Albert Bandura's (2001), social cognitive theory to determine if factors such as age, gender, health …
The Reliability And Validity Of The Thin Slice Technique: Observational Research On Video Recorded Medical Interactions, Tanina Suzanne Foster
The Reliability And Validity Of The Thin Slice Technique: Observational Research On Video Recorded Medical Interactions, Tanina Suzanne Foster
Wayne State University Dissertations
The Reliability and Validity of the Thin Slice Technique: Observational Research on Video Recorded Medical Interactions
Introduction: Observational research using the thin slice technique has been routinely incorporated in observational research methods, however there is limited evidence supporting use of this technique compared to full interaction coding. The purpose of this study was to determine if this technique could be reliability coded, if ratings are consistent between the first, second and third slice, and if they are indeed representative of full interactions.
Methods: Three 30-second thin slices were sampled from the beginning, middle and end of a full-length video-recorded …