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Border Barometer, Border Policy Research Institute, Western Washington University
Border Barometer, Border Policy Research Institute, Western Washington University
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Throughout North America, businesses are positioned to serve cross-border markets, integrated supply chains are constructed around comparative advantages driven by national differences, and people have built the most intimate parts of their lives with family, friends, and loved ones across borders. How have the COVID-19 border restrictions enacted bilaterally by the US and Canada impacted these linkages in different cross-border regions?
Border Barometer, Border Policy Research Institute, Western Washington University, University At Buffalo, The State University Of New York, Cross-Border Institute, University Of Windsor
Border Barometer, Border Policy Research Institute, Western Washington University, University At Buffalo, The State University Of New York, Cross-Border Institute, University Of Windsor
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Running 5,000 miles between two of the world's most interdependent nations, the Canada-U.S. border plays an important role, directly and indirectly, in the lives of millions of North Americans. Whether as separator or seam, obstruction or conduit, the border influences a wide range of economic social interactions. The precise influence depends on a variety of policies and the extent to which those policies facilitate the movement of goods, people, capital, and ideas while ensuring the individual and collective security of the two countries.
Changes In Canadian Shopping Visits To Northwest Washington, 2013-2016, Border Policy Research Institute
Changes In Canadian Shopping Visits To Northwest Washington, 2013-2016, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In 2013, the BPRI launched a long-term study to analyze the behavior of Canadians crossing the border to shop in Northwest Washington by counting the percentage of Canadian license plates in specified shopping locations along the Interstate 5 corridor. Our “license plate survey” includes data collected over the course of 6 weeks (3 days per week), for a total of 18 survey days in 2013 and 2016. This Border Policy Brief is a comparative analysis of the data collected in 2013, when the loonie averaged $0.97 USD, and data collected in 2016 in the same locations, when the loonie averaged …
Land-Based Freight Flows Between The Us And Its Nafta Neighbors, Border Policy Research Institute
Land-Based Freight Flows Between The Us And Its Nafta Neighbors, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This Brief provides an overview of the flow of goods between the U.S. and its two NAFTA neighbors, Canada and Mexico. For the U.S., the value and composition of freight that flows between its northern and southern borders varies significantly by port and region, and this variety inevitably has implications for border management policies and infrastructure investment needs. By providing an overview of the economic geography of the U.S.’s land-based trade with its NAFTA partners, this Brief seeks to inform decisions about border management and infrastructure investment, while also illustrating the value of cross-border trade to the U.S. economy.
Washington State's Economy In Relation To Canada And The Border, Paul Storer, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Laurie Trautman
Washington State's Economy In Relation To Canada And The Border, Paul Storer, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Laurie Trautman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Economic ties have spanned the contemporary border between Washington State and Canada for as long as the Pacific Northwest has been inhabited. The native peoples of North America interacted across the border for centuries prior to the arrival of European explorers. In the early 19th century, the major regional European economic entity was the Hudson’s Bay Company. The fur-trading operations of this British-chartered corporation took place throughout its “Columbia Department” (a region that straddled the modern Canada – U.S. border), with outposts at locations such as Fort Vancouver and Fort Nisqually. The contemporary border dates from 1846, when the 49th …
Implications Of Trade Trends Upon Canada-Us Border Infrastructure, Border Policy Research Institute
Implications Of Trade Trends Upon Canada-Us Border Infrastructure, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The transportation and inspection agencies that build and operate border infrastructure are engaged in a constant process of facility planning, wrestling with decisions about where to invest limited resources. The existing situation at a facility is obviously influential—e.g., traffic volumes in excess of a facility’s capacity; subpar workplace conditions; excessive maintenance costs for a decrepit facility. But equally important is the need to consider future conditions, such as the traffic forecast. This article discusses the volume of trade forecasted to occur at eight major ports-of-entry (POEs) along the Canada – U.S. border.
An Assessment Of Future Bilateral Trade Flows And Their Implications For U.S. Border Infrastructure Investment, Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
An Assessment Of Future Bilateral Trade Flows And Their Implications For U.S. Border Infrastructure Investment, Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
There are frequent calls for investment in border infrastructure given security-related delays and transportation bottlenecks associated with physical infrastructure described as outdated and inadequate. Given the potentially large investment expenditures needed to expand inspection and transportation infrastructure at border crossing sites, as well as the irreversibility of many of the investments that might need to be made, it is important that government decision-makers base spending choices on highly-informed forward-looking projections of capacity demands on traffic corridors through which bilateral commercial shipments are likely to travel.
Suggestions For Improving Cross-Border Mobility And North American Competitiveness, Border Policy Research Institute
Suggestions For Improving Cross-Border Mobility And North American Competitiveness, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
On May 15, 2014, the BPRI hosted a conference titled “Beyond NAFTA: Streamlining the Border to Strengthen North American Competitiveness.” With two decades of NAFTA behind us, and with the U.S.-Canada “Beyond the Border” (BtB) agenda near the end of its phase-one timeline, speakers were asked to produce ideas about what should next be done in order to foster crossborder mobility
The Nature Of Aggregate And Regional Canada-Us Trade (1990-2011), Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
The Nature Of Aggregate And Regional Canada-Us Trade (1990-2011), Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The impact of post-9/11 border security developments on Canada-U.S. trade has been the focus of much attention in recent years. The available evidence suggests that both U.S. exports and imports with Canada grew more slowly after 9/11 than would otherwise have been the case.
Washington Connecting To Canada: Flow Of Goods, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Ian Faulds
Washington Connecting To Canada: Flow Of Goods, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Ian Faulds
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
There is a dense web of connections between the state of Washington and its northern neighbor, Canada. This article catalogs the transportation modes that connect the two and then explores the way in which goods flow between Washington and Canada across and through those connections. As seen in the sidebar figure, Canada is the 3rd -ranked destination of Washington’s exports and the largest source (by far) of imports. The conveyance of goods between these trade partners is of vital interest to both, so the methods of conveyance deserve some attention. A future issue of the Border Policy Brief will examine …
Us Dependence Upon Canadian Fossil Fuels, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose
Us Dependence Upon Canadian Fossil Fuels, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The energy relationship between Canada and the U.S. is a much-discussed topic within business, government, and the media, prompted in part by the controversy surrounding the proposed Keystone XL cross-border oil pipeline. Having noticed differing statistics regarding the nature of the relationship, we here attempt to provide an accurate picture of the extent to which the U.S. depends upon Canada as a supplier of fossil fuels. Much data can be found online, both at agency websites [e.g., U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), National Energy Board of Canada (NEB), Statistics Canada] and at industry association sites (e.g., Canadian Association of Petroleum …
Metrics Of Policy Effects At The Canada-Us Border: The National Export Initiative And The Effort To 'Green The Border', David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Ian Faulds, Stephanie Messa
Metrics Of Policy Effects At The Canada-Us Border: The National Export Initiative And The Effort To 'Green The Border', David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Ian Faulds, Stephanie Messa
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Following the announcement of the Canada – U.S. ―"Beyond the Border" (BtB) vision, there has been increased emphasis upon measurement of various things associated with national borders. Many of the specific elements within the BtB plan include an associated metric, so that bureaucrats and the public are able to measure progress toward realization of the vision. Of course, BtB is not the only border-related policy goal adopted by governments—other goals have been established by Canada, the U.S., and states and provinces. This article focuses upon two such policy goals: the U.S. National Export Initiative (NEI), and the effort to "green …
Crossing Bridges: Observations And Strategies By Cross-Border Business Communities In An Evolving Regulatory Environment, Anneliese Vance
Crossing Bridges: Observations And Strategies By Cross-Border Business Communities In An Evolving Regulatory Environment, Anneliese Vance
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Until recently, the international border between Canada and the U.S. was frequently referred to as the world‘s longest 'unguarded' or 'friendly' border. While the border was never truly left unguarded, Canadian and U.S. citizens enjoyed relatively open borders, without the enforcement of passport requirements. On September 11, 2001, the porous border that had symbolized international cooperation, friendship and the world‘s largest bilateral trade relationship, was abruptly re-defined in the public eye as a potential liability in the U.S. national defense system.
Testing A Reconfiguration Of Fast At The Blaine Poe, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Testing A Reconfiguration Of Fast At The Blaine Poe, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In prior articles we have described problems with efficacy of the Free and Secure Trade (FAST) trusted-shipper program at the Blaine, Washington, port-of-entry (POE). At Blaine, state and provincial transportation agencies invested in the construction of highway lanes dedicated to FAST trucks, but there has been relatively light usage of those lanes. In a 2009 field study we found that 23 percent of southbound trucks and just 2 percent of northbound trucks used the FAST lanes. Of the southbound FAST traffic, 73 percent of the trucks were empty. Southbound, the FAST lane seems primarily to be a rapid path by …
Cross-Border Freight Flows At The Two Land Borders, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose
Cross-Border Freight Flows At The Two Land Borders, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This article provides an overview of the flow of goods between the U.S. and its two NAFTA neighbors, Canada and Mexico. It is the job of border agencies to facilitate these flows, and this article seeks to explain some aspects of the scope of the job. There is much regional variation in the volume and composition of freight flows, and this variety inevitably has implications for border management policies.
How Dhs Might Address The Mission Of Trade Facilitation, Border Policy Research Institute
How Dhs Might Address The Mission Of Trade Facilitation, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In the post-9/11 era, businesses engaged in cross-border commerce have persistently said that “security has trumped trade” to an extent that is damaging to our integrated North American economy. This refrain has grown louder in the aftermath of the deep economic recession that began two years ago. Recent reports from academia, think-tanks, and the private sector have urgently called for new efforts to facilitate crossborder trade in order to preserve our competitiveness within the global economy, and thus preserve our way of life.
'Breaking Points,' But No 'Broken' Border: Stakeholders Evaluate Border Issues In The Pacific Northwest Region, Victor A. Konrad
'Breaking Points,' But No 'Broken' Border: Stakeholders Evaluate Border Issues In The Pacific Northwest Region, Victor A. Konrad
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
At the beginning of the 21st century, as global flows emanate from North America and from all around the world to stream across our continent in every direction, the enhanced border between Canada and the United States of America appears strangely enigmatic. Due to the immense pressure on the one hand to step up security, and the almost equally strong imperative on the other to expedite crossing, the border has been re-invented to enable the rapid crossing of some goods and services, and some people (Konrad and Nicol, 2008; Brunet-Jailly, 2007).
Geographic And Temporal Variations In Freight Costs For U.S. Imports From Canada: Measurement And Analysis, Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
Geographic And Temporal Variations In Freight Costs For U.S. Imports From Canada: Measurement And Analysis, Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In recent years, private sector managers in both Canada and the United States have expressed concerns about a “thickening” of the Canada-U.S. border with resulting adverse consequences for continued integration of the North American economy and, more specifically, for Canada-U.S. trade. Several factors have been identified as particularly relevant contributors to higher costs associated with bilateral trade. They include more frequent and closer inspection of goods crossing the border owing to stricter health and safety regulations and heightened security against acts of terrorism. The added delays and uncertainties imposed upon commercial shipments, particularly from Canada to the U.S., arguably add …
2009 International Mobility & Trade Corridor Project (Imtc) Commercial Vehicle Operations Survey: Final Report, Border Policy Research Institute
2009 International Mobility & Trade Corridor Project (Imtc) Commercial Vehicle Operations Survey: Final Report, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The 2009 International Mobility & Trade Corridor Project (IMTC) Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) Survey took place in June, 2009. This project was identified by IMTC participants in order to periodically evaluate CVO at the Cascade Gateway's three ports-of-entry as a priority for informing regional investment strategies, and to analyze the impacts of changes to road and inspeciton systems.
Border Barometer 2010, Border Policy Research Institute, University Of Buffalo Regional Institute
Border Barometer 2010, Border Policy Research Institute, University Of Buffalo Regional Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Developed through a partnership of the Border Policy Research Institute of Western Washington University and University at Buffalo Regional Institute, the Border Barometer is a tool that provides a U.S. perspective on northern border performance. It seeks to provide researchers, policymakers and other interested parties with a better understanding of economic conditions and trends along the entire border and at individual ports of entry.
The Year-Over-Year Decline In Southbound Freight At The Canada-Us Border, Border Policy Research Institute
The Year-Over-Year Decline In Southbound Freight At The Canada-Us Border, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This article examines truck- and rail-borne freight flows at five land ports-of-entry along the Canada – U.S. border: Blaine, WA; Sweetgrass, MT; Detroit, MI; Buffalo, NY; and Champlain, NY. The five ports were chosen to provide geographic diversity, as well as a range of sizes. Together, these five ports handled 53 percent of the truck-borne freight entering the U.S. from Canada in December 2007, so the trends found at these ports likely are representative of the situation along the entire border. A year-over-year methodology was used in order to account for background seasonal variations. Rather than examining the value of …
Border Barometer, Border Policy Research Institute, University Of Buffalo Regional Institute
Border Barometer, Border Policy Research Institute, University Of Buffalo Regional Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This inaugural Border Barometer provides a preliminary context for officials to consider when thinking about strengthening collaboration to enhance security and competitiveness, as well as the appropriate mechanism for accomplishing these goals. Data collected thus far tell a Northern-border-wide story of increased Canada-US economic interdependence amidst a decline in social interaction.
Special Report: Trade And Travel Patterns At The Canada-Us Border: Policy Implications, Border Policy Research Institute
Special Report: Trade And Travel Patterns At The Canada-Us Border: Policy Implications, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The Border Policy Research Institute (BPRI) was established in 2005 in order to examine processes and policies related to the Canada – U.S. border. The motivating factor was widespread awareness that the border was impacting commerce and society to an increased extent in the post-9/11 era. The BPRI has sought to understand and analyze border-related processes, to explain policy implications, and to assist in the development of new policy. The body of research we have undertaken since 2005 has pointed to significant problems in the efficient and secure management of cross-border flows of trade and travel.
Issues With Efficacy Of Fast At The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Issues With Efficacy Of Fast At The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This article uses recently collected data to examine issues related to the efficacy of the FAST program at the Cascade Gateway. The data was collected by the Border Policy Research Institute (BPRI) in collaboration with the Whatcom Council of Governments (WCOG), a planning entity located in Bellingham, WA. WCOG facilitates the International Mobility and Trade Corridor (IMTC) project, which is a binational forum that seeks to improve mobility through the Cascade Gateway (i.e., the four ports-of-entry that collectively serve the I-5 corridor).
Streamlining Of Nafta Tariffs: Benefits For Washington State, Aaron Hayman, Paul Storer
Streamlining Of Nafta Tariffs: Benefits For Washington State, Aaron Hayman, Paul Storer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) is an initiative launched in 2005 by the leaders of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to promote security and prosperity through cooperation and sharing of information. One component of the prosperity agenda is a Working Group on the movement of goods which was created to pursue the following objectives: … lower the transaction costs of trade in goods by liberalizing the requirements for obtaining duty-free treatment under NAFTA, including through the reduction of “rules of origin” costs on goods traded between our countries. Each country should have in place procedures …
Cross Border Transportation Patterns At The Western Cascade Gateway: Implications For Mitigating The Impact Of Delay On Regional Supply Chains, Anne Victoria Goodchild, Susan Albrecht, Li Ying Leung
Cross Border Transportation Patterns At The Western Cascade Gateway: Implications For Mitigating The Impact Of Delay On Regional Supply Chains, Anne Victoria Goodchild, Susan Albrecht, Li Ying Leung
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The Pacific Highway border crossing in Blaine, Washington, is the fourth busiest commercial crossing on the northern border and the most significant commercial crossing for Western Canada and the U.S. (USDOT/FHWA 2006). The primary commodities that flow across this border are agricultural/food, wood, and paper products (WCOG Manifest Data). These commodities are not viewed as particularly time critical, as they do not move in a strictly scheduled environment, although in fact a significant proportion of these goods are highly perishable. Both of these factors are significantly different than along the eastern portion of the northern border, where goods are flowing …
Adapting The Border To Regional Realities: Observations On Exports At Buffalo And Blaine, Border Policy Research Institute
Adapting The Border To Regional Realities: Observations On Exports At Buffalo And Blaine, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
As the world’s largest trading partners, Canada and the United States share a diverse and highly integrated economy. However, many North Americans are unaware of the depth and breadth of this interdependence and the importance of successful border management to both countries. Today, the complex flow of goods between the two, governed by fairly rigid federal policies, is funneled along a few major trade corridors. This Border Brief examines key border issues by looking at U.S. export activity in October 2007 through two of those corridors—Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY, and Blaine, WA.
Analysis Of American And Canadian Cross-Border Business Expansion In The Pacific Northwest, Brian Morgans
Analysis Of American And Canadian Cross-Border Business Expansion In The Pacific Northwest, Brian Morgans
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
American and Canadian markets rely on each other greatly, given the volume of trade that exists between the two nations. Companies of both nationalities see opportunity in business growth by accessing the market and establishing a physical presence in the other country. American firms which expanded into the Lower Mainland in British Columbia and Canadian firms which expanded into Whatcom County in Washington State were surveyed to identify reasons for, and obstacles to expansion. Canadian companies cited strategic value and benefits of proximity to British Columbia. American companies cited strategic positioning and labor availability as benefits in the expansion process. …
Service Time Variability At The Blaine, Washington, International Border Crossing And The Impact On Regional Supply Chains, Anne Victoria Goodchild, Susan Albrecht, Steven Globerman
Service Time Variability At The Blaine, Washington, International Border Crossing And The Impact On Regional Supply Chains, Anne Victoria Goodchild, Susan Albrecht, Steven Globerman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Service times at vehicle processing facilities (borders, weigh stations, landside marine port gates) are variable, thereby causing transportation planning challenges for carriers that visit them on a regular basis. Carriers must either build in more time than is necessary, therefore underutilizing their equipment, or risk missing delivery windows, which can result in fines or cause lost business opportunities. In this study, border crossing times at Blaine, Washington, are examined. The variability in crossing times at this border crossing, and the impact of this variability on regional supply chains is considered for bi-directional trade. Directional, daily, hourly, and seasonal variations are …
Diversity Of The Ports-Of-Entry Along The 49th Parallel, Border Policy Research Institute
Diversity Of The Ports-Of-Entry Along The 49th Parallel, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This article discusses some traits of the ports-of-entry arrayed along the Canada – U.S. land border. The article focuses upon that portion of the border commonly referred to as the “49th parallel,” omitting discussion of the Canada – Alaska border. Discussion is also focused solely upon the usage of the ports by personal vehicles. Our intent is to reveal something about the “border experience” over the past decade, spanning the period in which post-9/11 border security measures have been deployed. There has been commentary about the extent to which cross-border travel has diminished in response to the “hardening” of the …