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Trade Policy Reforms In Pakistan, Shahid Karim
Trade Policy Reforms In Pakistan, Shahid Karim
Research Papers
This paper examines the trade policy reforms in both import and export sectors of Pakistan and provides a critical analysis of the measures undertaken during various regimes to liberalize the economy. The paper discusses the relevant theoretical and empirical research and attempts to evaluate the existing tariff structure under various trade liberalization regimes and substantiate, with the statistics in view of the trade theory, relevant reports and research papers. Alongside it also discusses the tax reforms relevant to trade policy, while briefly discussing key concerns and challenges faced by the policy makers in both formulation and implementation of tariff reforms, …
Trade Blocs, Interstate Conflict, And The Collective Impact Of Economic Integration, Matthew D. Shaffer
Trade Blocs, Interstate Conflict, And The Collective Impact Of Economic Integration, Matthew D. Shaffer
2011
Economic integration agreements – also called preferential trade agreements or regional trade agreements – have dramatically expanded in scope since World War II. While the proximate goal of economic integration is to increase commercial exchange between member states, there are strong reasons to believe integration influences relations across economic agreements as well. I argue that economic agreements foster enclaves of regional interdependence at the expense of multilateral, global interdependence. As a result, highly central economic agreements are partially insulated from the ill-effects of militarized conflict with other agreement areas. Furthermore, the coveted markets of highly central trade blocs afford them …
Trade Centrality And The Process Of Economic Sanctions, Brian Warby, Nadia Jilani, Ashley Murph-Schwarzer, Dona Roy, Matthew Shaffer
Trade Centrality And The Process Of Economic Sanctions, Brian Warby, Nadia Jilani, Ashley Murph-Schwarzer, Dona Roy, Matthew Shaffer
2010
Some scholars have suggested that sanctions are doing more than meets the eye (Drezner 2003). Sanctions may indeed be a signaling mechanism that states use to indicate where they stand on an issue or the foreign policy of another state. We agree with this analysis, but find current explanations of sanctions episodes inadequate. In order to make the argument that states use sanctions as a signaling mechanism it is necessary to know something about the states and their position in the international community. We employ network analysis to understand what international trade networks look like and to determine which actors …
Blood Diamond: International Policy Options For Conflict Resolution, Sajal Lahiri
Blood Diamond: International Policy Options For Conflict Resolution, Sajal Lahiri
Economics Discussion Papers
We construct a trade-theoretic model of two open economies which are in conflict with each other. War efforts - which involve the use of soldiers and military hardware - are determined endogenously. The purpose of war is the capture of land containing a natural resource like diamond, but the costs are that lives are lost and production sacrificed. The capture of mining land helps to reinforce the war by using profits from the sale of the natural resource to purchase arms. We examine the effect of a number of policy instruments available to the international community (such as foreign aid, …