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Lupins – Essentials For Growing A Successful Crop, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Narrow leafed lupins are a grain legume crop for the deep sandy acidic soils of Western Australia. Growing a successful lupin crop is not technically difficult. New varieties and machinery are making lupins a more reliable and profitable cropping option.

Evaluation Of Qpcr To Detect Shifts In Population Composition Of The Rhizobial Symbiont Mesorhizobium Japonicum During Serial In Planta Transfers, Kenjiro W. Quides, Yoobeen Lee, Teresa Hur, Hagop S. Atamian

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Microbial symbionts range from mutualistic to commensal to antagonistic. While these roles are distinct in their outcome, they are also fluid in a changing environment. Here, we used the Lotus japonicus–Mesorhizobium japonicum symbiosis to investigate short-term and long-term shifts in population abundance using an effective, fast, and low-cost tracking methodology for M. japonicum. We use quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to track previously generated signature-tagged M. japonicum mutants targeting the Tn5 transposon insertion and the flanking gene. We used a highly beneficial wild type and moderately beneficial and non-beneficial mutants of M. japonicum sp. nov. to demonstrate the specificity …

Successful Creation Of Seedless (Sterile) Leucaena Germplasm Developed From Interspecific Hybridisation For Use As Forage, Daniel Real, Clinton K. Revell Dr, Yong Han, Chengdao Li, Marieclaire Castello, C. D. Bailey

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Context: The legume shrub/tree leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) is highly regarded as a cattle fodder, although it is considered an environmental weed in many parts of Australia.

Aims: We investigated the feasibility of developing a forage variety of triploid leucaena through interspecific hybridisation that is sterile (without seeds) as a strategy to mitigate its weed risk.

Methods: A conventional breeding strategy was used to create triploid hybrids from hand-crosses between tetraploid and diploid species of leucaena. Molecular markers were developed to confirm successful crosses and flow cytometry was used to confirm the ploidy level. The plants are being …

Evaluation Of The Major Seed Storage Proteins, The Conglutins, Across Genetically Diverse Narrow-Leafed Lupin Varieties, Arineh Tahmasian, Angéla Juhász, James A. Broadbent, Mitchell G. Nye-Wood, Thao T. Le, Michelle L. Colgrave

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Lupin seeds have an excellent nutritional profile, including a high proportion of protein and dietary fiber. These qualities make lupin seeds an ideal candidate to help meet the growing global demand for complementary sources of protein. Of consequence to this application, there are nutritional and antinutritional properties assigned to the major lupin seed storage proteins—referred to as α-, β-, δ- and γ-conglutins The variation in the abundance of these protein families can impact the nutritional and bioactive properties of different lupin varieties. Hence, exploring the conglutin protein profiles across a diverse range of lupin varieties will yield knowledge that can …

Limitations Of The Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (Diaas) And Choice Of Statistical Reporting. Comment On “A Comparison Of Dietary Protein Digestibility, Based On Diaas Scoring, In Vegetarian And Non-Vegetarian Athletes. Nutrients 2019, 11, 3106”, Angela Genoni, Joel C. Craddock, Emma Strutt

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

Cover Crop Productivity And Subsequent Soybean Yield In The Western Corn Belt, Katja Koehler-Cole, Roger W. Elmore, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Charles A. Francis, Charles Shapiro, Christopher A. Proctor, Sabrina J. Ruis, Derek M. Heeren, Suat Irmak, Richard Ferguson

Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Cover crops (CC) in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations may prevent N loss and provide other ecosystem services but CC productivity in the western Corn Belt is limited by the short growing season. Our objective was to assess CC treatment and planting practice effects on CC biomass, spring soil nitrate concentrations, and soybean yield at two rainfed sites in eastern and one irrigated site in south-central Nebraska over 4 years. Cover crop treatments (cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] [RYE] and a mix of rye, legume, and brassica species [MIX]) were planted …

A Stimulatory Role For Cytokinin In The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Of Pea, Dane M. Goh, Marco Cosme, Anna B. Kislala, Samantha Mulholland, Zakaria M.F. Said, Lukáš Spíchal, R.J. Neil Emery, Stéphane Declerck, Frédérique C. Guinel

Biology Faculty Publications

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between terrestrial plants and AM fungi is regulated by plant hormones. For most of these, a role has been clearly assigned in this mutualistic interaction; however, there are still contradictory reports for cytokinin (CK). Here, pea plants, the wild type (WT) cv. Sparkle and its mutant E151 (Pssym15), were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. E151 has previously been characterized as possessing high CK levels in non-mycorrhizal (myc^-) roots and exhibiting high number of fungal structures in mycorrhizal (myc⁺) roots. Myc^- and myc⁺ plants were …

Legume Variety Trial, Heather Darby, Sara Ziegler, Ivy Krezinski, Rory Malone, Lindsey Ruhl

Northwest Crops & Soils Program

In 2017, the University of Vermont Extension Northwest Crops and Soils Team initiated a trial investigating forage yield and quality of varieties of different legume species seeded in monocultures. The species selected were alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, and white clover. These legumes were chosen as they have been shown in previous research to have adequate survivability and forage production in this region. Organic and grass-based dairy systems rely on legumes to help provide balanced nutrition to their animals while also reducing the crop’s need for additional nitrogen compared to a pure grass stand. This information therefore, may help enhance …

Capturing Variation In Lens (Fabaceae): Development And Utility Of An Exome Capture Array For Lentil, Ezgi Ogutcen, Larissa Ramsay, Eric Bishop Von Wettberg, Kirstin E. Bett

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications

Premise of the Study: Lentil is an important legume crop with reduced genetic diversity caused by domestication bottlenecks. Due to its large and complex genome, tools for reduced representation sequencing are needed. We developed an exome capture array for use in various genetic diversity studies. Methods: Based on the CDC Redberry draft genome, we developed an exome capture array using multiple sources of transcript resources. The probes were designed to target not only the cultivated lentil, but also wild species. We assessed the utility of the developed method by applying the generated data set to population structure and phylogenetic analyses. …

Alternative Legume Species Can Reduce The Environmental Impacts Of Cattle, Elizabeth K. Stewart, Jennifer W. Macadam, Juan J. Villalba

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes how alternative legume species can reduce the environmental impacts of cattle, grass versus legumes as livestock feed, benefits, and producer concerns.

Genetic And Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Symbiotic Specificity In Legume-Rhizobium Interactions, Qi Wang, Jinge Liu, Hongyan Zhu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Legumes are able to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. The result of this symbiosis is to form nodules on the plant root, within which the bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by the plant. Establishment of a successful symbiosis requires the two symbiotic partners to be compatible with each other throughout the process of symbiotic development. However, incompatibility frequently occurs, such that a bacterial strain is unable to nodulate a particular host plant or forms nodules that are incapable of fixing nitrogen. Genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate symbiotic specificity …

Transcriptional Reprogramming Of Legume Genomes: Perspective And Challenges Associated With Single-Cell And Single Cell-Type Approaches During Nodule Development, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Transcriptomic approaches revealed thousands of genes differentially or specifically expressed during nodulation, a biological process resulting from the symbiosis between leguminous plant roots and rhizobia, atmospheric nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria. Ultimately, nodulation will lead to the development of a new root organ, the nodule. Through functional genomic studies, plant transcriptomes have been used by scientists to reveal plant genes potentially controlling nodulation. However, it is important to acknowledge that the physiology, transcriptomic programs, and biochemical properties of the plant cells involved in nodulation are continuously regulated. They also differ between the different cell-types composing the nodules. To generate a more accurate …

Cruciferous And Allium Vegetable Intakes Are Inversely Associated With 15‐Year Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Deaths In Older Adult Women, Lauren Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua Lewis, Amanda Devine, Kun Zhu, Wai Lim, Richard Woodman, Lawrence Beilin, Richard Prince, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Higher vegetable intake is consistently associated with lower atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) events. However, the components responsible and mechanisms involved are uncertain. Nonnutritive phytochemicals may be involved. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of total vegetable intake and types of vegetables grouped according to phytochemical constituents with ASVD mortality.

Methods and Results

The cohort consisted of 1226 Australian women aged 70 years and older without clinical ASVD or diabetes mellitus at baseline (1998). Vegetable intakes were calculated per serving (75 g/d) and were also classified into prespecified types relating to phytochemical constituents. ASVD‐related deaths were …

Editorial: Food Legume Diversity And Legume Research Policies, Matthew W. Blair, Jing Wu, Shumin Wang

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Differential Plant Invasiveness Is Not Always Driven By Host Promiscuity With Bacterial Symbionts, Metha M. Klock, Luke G. Barrett, Peter H. Thrall, Kyle E. Harms

Faculty Publications, Environmental Studies

Identification of mechanisms that allow some species to outcompete others is a fundamental goal in ecology and invasive species management. One useful approach is to examine congeners varying in invasiveness in a comparative framework across native and invaded ranges. Acacia species have been widely introduced outside their native range of Australia, and a subset of these species have become invasive in multiple parts of the world. Within specific regions, the invasive status of these species varies. Our study examined whether a key mechanism in the life history of Acacia species, the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, influences acacia invasiveness on a regional scale. …

Differential Plant Invasiveness Is Not Always Driven By Host Promiscuity With Bacterial Symbionts, Metha M. Klock, Luke G. Barrett, Peter H. Thrall, Kyle E. Harms

Faculty Publications

© The Authors 2016. Identification of mechanisms that allow some species to outcompete others is a fundamental goal in ecology and invasive species management. One useful approach is to examine congeners varying in invasiveness in a comparative framework across native and invaded ranges. Acacia species have been widely introduced outside their native range of Australia, and a subset of these species have become invasive in multiple parts of the world. Within specific regions, the invasive status of these species varies. Our study examined whether a key mechanism in the life history of Acacia species, the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, influences acacia invasiveness …

Comprehensive Comparative Genomic And Transcriptomic Analyses Of The Legume Genes Controlling The Nodulation Process, Zhenzhen Qiao, Lise Pingault, Mehrnoush Nourbakhsh-Rey, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen is one of the most essential plant nutrients and one of the major factors limiting crop productivity. Having the goal to perform a more sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation, a feature of legumes. To enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction between legumes and rhizobia, the symbiotic partner fixing and assimilating the atmospheric nitrogen for the plant, researchers took advantage of genetic and genomic resources developed across different legume models (e.g., Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, and Phaseolus vulgaris) to identify key regulatory protein coding genes of the nodulation …

Host Promiscuity In Symbiont Associations Can Influence Exotic Legume Establishment And Colonization Of Novel Ranges, Metha M. Klock, Luke G. Barrett, Peter H. Thrall, Kyle E. Harms

Faculty Publications

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Aim: Invasive Acacia species have negatively impacted natural areas in multiple regions around the globe. Almost 400 Acacia species have been introduced outside their native ranges in Australia; approximately 6% have become invasive, 12% are naturalized, and 82% have no record of naturalization or invasion. This variation in invasiveness provides a comparative framework in which to examine mechanisms that either promote or constrain establishment and colonization of species in novel regions. Here, we experimentally examine the role that the legume-rhizobia symbiosis plays in the differential invasiveness of acacias introduced outside their native Australian …

Host Promiscuity In Symbiont Associations Can Influence Exotic Legume Establishment And Colonization Of Novel Ranges, Metha M. Klock, Luke G. Barrett, Peter H. Thrall, Kyle E. Harms

Faculty Publications, Environmental Studies

Aim
Invasive Acacia species have negatively impacted natural areas in multiple regions around the globe. Almost 400 Acacia species have been introduced outside their native ranges in Australia; approximately 6% have become invasive, 12% are naturalized, and 82% have no record of naturalization or invasion. This variation in invasiveness provides a comparative framework in which to examine mechanisms that either promote or constrain establishment and colonization of species in novel regions. Here, we experimentally examine the role that the legume–rhizobia symbiosis plays in the differential invasiveness of acacias introduced outside their native Australian ranges.
Location
Canberra, Australia.
Methods
We paired …

E151 (Sym15), A Pleiotropic Mutant Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.), Displays Low Nodule Number, Enhanced Mycorrhizae, Delayed Lateral Root Emergence, And High Root Cytokinin Levels, James M.C. Jones, Lindsey Clairmont, Emily S. Macdonald, Catherine A. Weiner, R.J. Neil Emery, Frédérique C. Guinel

Biology Faculty Publications

In legumes, the formation of rhizobial and mycorrhizal root symbioses is a highly regulated process which requires close communication between plant and microorganism. Plant mutants that have difficulties establishing symbioses are valuable tools for unravelling the mechanisms by which these symbioses are formed and regulated. Here E151, a mutant of Pisum sativum cv. Sparkle, was examined to characterize its root growth and symbiotic defects. The symbioses in terms of colonization intensity, functionality of micro-symbionts, and organ dominance were compared between the mutant and wild type. The endogenous cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and the effect of the exogenous …

Trends In Legume Consumption Among Ethnically Diverse Adults In A Longitudinal Cohort Study In Australia, Victoria M. Flood, Joanna Russell, Sue Radd

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference, 28 March-1 April 2015, Boston, United States.

An Ipm Scouting Guide For Common Problems Of Legume Vegetables In Kentucky, Nicole Ward Gauthier, Ricardo Bessin, Shubin Saha, Shawn Wright, Cheryl A. Kaiser

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Long before the term “sustainable” became a household word, farmers were implementing sustainable practices in the form of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. IPM uses a combination of biological, cultural, physical, and chemical methods to reduce and/or manage pest populations. These strategies are used to minimize environmental risks, economic costs, and health hazards. Pests are “managed” (but rarely eliminated entirely) to reduce their negative impact on the crop.

Scouting and monitoring diseases, insects, weeds, and abiotic disorders in order to identify potential problems before they result in serious losses is essential to the IPM approach. Proper identification is essential to …

Identification Of A Dominant Gene In Medicago Truncatula That Restricts Nodulation By Sinorhizobium Meliloti Strain Rm41, Jinge Liu, Shengming Yang, Qiaolin Zheng, Hongyan Zhu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Leguminous plants are able to form a root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. This symbiotic association shows a high level of specificity. Beyond the specificity for the legume family, individual legume species/genotypes can only interact with certain restricted group of bacterial species or strains. Specificity in this system is regulated by complex signal exchange between the two symbiotic partners and thus multiple genetic mechanisms could be involved in the recognition process. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling symbiotic specificity could enable genetic improvement of legume nitrogen fixation, and may also reveal the possible mechanisms that restrict …

Leaf Gas Films Delay Salt Entry And Enhance Underwater Photosynthesis And Internal Aeration Of Melilotus Siculus Submerged In Saline Water, Natasha Lea Teakle, Timothy David Colmer, Ole Pedersen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

A combination of flooding and salinity is detrimental to most plants. We studied tolerance of complete submergence in saline water for Melilotus siculus, an annual legume with superhydrophobic leaf surfaces that retain gas films when under water. M.siculus survived complete submergence of 1 week at low salinity (up to 50molm-3 NaCl), but did not recover following de-submergence from 100molm-3 NaCl. The leaf gas films protected against direct salt ingress into the leaves when submerged in saline water, enabling underwater photosynthesis even after 3d of complete submergence. By contrast, leaves with the gas films experimentally removed suffered from substantial Na+ and …

Redbud Seedpods Hold Surprises, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

As fall advances across the Old Dominion, canopies of redbud, the 2013 VNPS Wildflower of the Year, transform themselves from green to gold, revealing seed pods also changing color from pale green to dark chocolaty brown. These seedpods, which may be retained on the tree into winter, are typical legume fruits, the product of the flower’s simple pistil, each containing several seeds. Unlike most legumes, however, redbud seed pods seem disinclined to open and release individual seeds for dispersal. Redbud fruits tend to disperse intact. Once on the ground, the inevitable action of weather and microbes gradually degrades the pod, …

A Legume Biofortification Quandary: Variability And Genetic Control Of Seed Coat Micronutrient Accumulation In Common Beans, Matthew W. Blair, Paulo Izquierdo, Carolina Astudillo, Michael A. Grusak

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), like many legumes, are rich in iron, zinc, and certain other microelements that are generally found to be in low concentrations in cereals, other seed crops, and root or tubers and therefore are good candidates for biofortification. But a quandary exists in common bean biofortification: namely that the distribution of iron has been found to be variable between the principal parts of seed; namely the cotyledonary tissue, embryo axis and seed coat. The seed coat represents ten or more percent of the seed weight and must be considered specifically as it accumulates much of …

The Effects Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On Four Legume Hosts In South Florida Pine Rockland Soils, Klara Scharnagl

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study addressed the effects of salinity and pot size on the interaction between leguminous plant hosts and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in four pine rockland soils using a shade house trap-plant experiment. Little is known about the belowground diversity of pine rocklands and the interactions between aboveground and belowground biota – an increased understanding of these interactions could lead to improved land management decisions, conservation and restoration efforts. Following twelve weeks of growth, plants were measured for root and shoot dry biomass and percent colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Overall, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had positive fitness effects on the four …

Redbuds Similar Around The World, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Like music, one of the hallmarks of biodiversity is theme and variation. Redbuds—species of the genus Cercis— from around the world illustrate this analogy well. Because all redbud species conform to a certain morphological theme, anyone familiar with one particular species of redbud should be able to recognize without hesitation any other redbud species as a member of the genus Cercis. In brief, the redbud theme consists of broad, basally-lobed, leaves with pulvinar petiole thickenings, and pea-like red-purple (rarely white) flowers that may arise on small twigs or main trunks. In fact, these plants are so distinctive, it would …

Redbuds And Legumes Subfamilies, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Although legumes constitute one of the largest families of flowering plants in the world, and despite 25 years of celebrating Virginia’s wildflowers, redbud (Cercis canadensis) is the first legume to be recognized as a VNPS Wildflower of the Year. This article addresses the relationships of Cercis with the rest of the legumes (family Fabaceae, or Leguminosae in older literature).

Effects Of Drought, Temperature, Herbivory, And Genotype On Plant–Insect Interactions In Soybean (Glycine Max), Rose Grinnan, Thomas E. Carter Jr., Marc T. J. Johnson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Climate change is predicted to cause continued increases in global temperatures, greater variability in precipitation and in some cases, more frequent insect pest outbreaks. Here we seek to understand how abiotic and biotic stresses associated with climate change can affect plant-herbivore interactions in a model crop species (soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by answering three questions: (1) Do the combined effects of abiotic and biotic stresses associated with climate change cause synergistic negative effects on plant biomass? (2) Can abiotic stress affect resistance of plants to insect herbivores? (3) Does genetic variation in plant traits modify a plant’s response to …