Digital Commons Network^™

Bureacratizing Ethics: Institutional Review Boards And Participatory Research, Deborah Martin

Geography

This paper provides a brief history of regulatory research ethics, as embodied in Institutional Review Boards in the United States. The purpose is to foster common disciplinary understanding of the origin and purpose of IRBs, and to identify the core conflict between the philosophies of participatory action research and regulatory ethics. That conflict centers on the contradictory language and associated understandings of research "subjects" and "participants". I suggest a need for more disciplinary engagements around this conflict, to foster more open ethical debates and competencies among geographers. © Deborah G. Martin, 2007; journal compilation © ACME Editorial Collective, 2007.

Britain's Bomb: What's Next? (Book Review), Brian Stiltner

Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies Faculty Publications

Book review by Brian Stiltner.

Wicker, Brian and Hugh Beach, eds. Britain's Bomb: What Next? London: SCM Press, 2006.

ISBN 9780334040965

By the time this review is published, Tony Blair will no longer be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He pushed for a decision to be taken by the next general election: he wanted the UK to commit to replacing the current Trident system (a stock of 58 missiles and under 200 warheads, some of these housed on four nuclear submarines) with a new generation of nuclear weapons and submarines. The British Trident submarines are scheduled for retirement between …

Hot Topic: Mandatory Electronic Filing Of Statements Of Disclosure, Josh Jones

MTAS Publications: Hot Topics

With the passage of the Comprehensive Governmental Ethics Reform Act of 2006, all popularly elected local public officeholders and candidates for local public office must file a Statement of Disclosure of Interests with the Tennessee Ethics Commission.

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Fall 2007

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Timeless Values In Turbulent Times (Bentonville, Ar), C. William Pollard

C. William Pollard Papers

Delivered at Wal-Mart headquarters in Bentonville, AR, this speech focuses on the importance of cultivating values and developing character in corporate institutions. Pollard pays special attention to the role of leaders in the formation of businesses as moral communities.

Animal Minds, Cognitive Ethology, And Ethics, Colin Allen, Marc Bekoff

Sentience Collection

Our goal in this paper is to provide enough of an account of the origins of cognitive ethology and the controversy surrounding it to help ethicists to gauge for themselves how to balance skepticism and credulity about animal minds when communicating with scientists. We believe that ethicists’ arguments would benefit from better understanding of the historical roots of ongoing controversies. It is not appropriate to treat some widely reported results in animal cognition as if their interpretations are a matter of scientific consensus. It is especially important to understand why loose references to ‘‘cognitive ethology’’ by philosophers can signal ignorance …

An International Comparison Of Student Perceptions Of Earnings Management: Evidence Of Effects Of National Origin Between Mexico And The United States, Marshall A. Geiger, Carmen Quirvan, Alejandro Hazera

Accounting Faculty Publications

Manipulating reported earnings is a temptation faced by accountants and financial professionals around the world. Manipulating, or “managing,” one’s accounting earnings takes a variety of forms and includes not only the avoidance of prescribed accounting rules but also the practice of selectively choosing accounting estimates or timing operating decisions to move reported earnings toward a desired goal. Prior research reveals wide disagreement regarding the perceived ethical acceptability of this practice. This study investigates whether national origin influences perceptions of earnings management. Participants from the United States and Mexico evaluated thirteen vignettes describing various earnings management practices (Merchant and Rockness 1994). …

Auf Der Suche Nach Einer Authentischen Architektur; Ein Gespräch Mit Glenn Murcutt Und Juhani Pallasmaa, Noel Brady

Articles

The article is a record of a conversation on architectural ethics between the author and Glenn Murcutt and Juhani Pallasmaa.

Ten Questions About Ethics, Peter Kreeft, C. William Pollard

C. William Pollard Papers

These ten questions about ethics were suggested by Pollard for a presentation by Professor Peter Kreeft (Philosophy, Boston College) to be held at the Herman Miller Company in Holland, MI. The document includes Mr. Pollard's handwritten notes.

"Lawyers" Not "Liars": A Modified Traditionalist Approach To Teaching Legal Ethics, Lonnie T. Brown

Scholarly Works

As attorneys, we undeniably should be faithful confidantes to, and staunch allies for, our clients, but we must also never lose sight of the fact that we are not simply client representatives; we are concurrently officers of the court and keepers of the public trust. Though I strive diligently to make my students aware of the specific ethical duties owed to clients, I always stress even more intently the importance of these latter two components of their professional obligation. They are what set the practice of law apart from other occupations, and they are what should serve to inspire us …

Slides: Meaningful Engagement: The Public's Role In Resource Decisions, Mark Squillace

The Future of Natural Resources Law and Policy (Summer Conference, June 6-8)

Presenter: Mark Squillace, Director, Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado Law School

22 slides

Private Rights And Collective Governance: A Functional Approach To Natural Resources Law, Eric T. Freyfogle

The Future of Natural Resources Law and Policy (Summer Conference, June 6-8)

4 pages.

"Eric T. Freyfogle, Max L. Rowe Professor of Law, University of Illinois College of Law"

He Identified With The Lowly And Became A Slave To All: Paul’S Tentmaking As A Strategy For Mission, Joel N. Lohr

Benerd College Faculty Articles

The social background of first-century Christianity has received much attention recently, with many of these studies focusing on the letters from Paul to the Corinthians. Paul's refusal to accept Corinthian financial support is a central concern of these letters. In 1 Corinthians, Paul is adamant concerning this issue, claiming that he would rather die than to accept the Corinthians' pay (9:15). Why does Paul devote an entire section of the letter (chap. 9) to defending his refusal? How should we understand this section within the larger context of the letter? I am principally concerned here with the social reality of …

Sailing The Straits Of Approval: The Nature Of Fda Approval And Its Implications For Surgeons, David Reiter Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for one use are often put to other uses. This practice, known colloquially as "off-label usage," is neither illegal nor unethical. Physicians can and should pursue scientifically sound use supported by medical evidence. The FDA requires only that we:

--Be well informed about the product
--Base its use on firm scientific rationale and sound medical evidence, if available
--Maintain records of the product’s use and effects
--Carry out good medical practice
--Use good judgment
--Consider the best interests of the patient before all else

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Spring 2007

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

To Pay Or Not To Pay?: Legal And Ethical Issues In International Students’ Participation In Research, Ana A. L. Baumann, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez

Psychology Faculty Publications

Research methods are typically drafted carefully to ensure that the research question on hand can be answered. Sample selection is influenced by issues of feasibility. For example, in the case of researchers interested in cross-cultural research, the cost of traveling abroad and the practical matters involved in data collection in another country may make cross-cultural research impossible to conduct. Research with samples of recently immigrated persons in the ethnic, national, and/or cultural group of interest might present a viable and defensible alternative to examine crosscultural differences in the constructs of interest. Recently, however, the authors learned that there are major …

"Doing" Ethics In An Ecclesial Context: What Is Health Care Ethics's Connection To An Understanding Of The Catholic Church?, M Therese Lysaught

Institute of Pastoral Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works

I have been asked to provide in this essay an overview of the ecclesiology of Fr. Kevin D. O'Rourke, OP, JCD, STM, especially as it relates to health care ethics.

Pediatric Neuroimaging Ethics, Jocelyn Downie, Jennifer Marshall

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Neuroimaging has provided insight into numerous neurological disorders in children, such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy. Many clinicians and investigators believe that neuroimaging holds great promise, especially in the areas of behavioral and cognitive disorders. However, concerns about the risks of various neuroimaging modalities and the potential for misinterpretation of imaging results are mounting. Imaging evaluations also raise questions about stigmatization, allocation of resources, and confidentiality. Children are particularly vulnerable in this milieu and require special attention with regards to safety guidelines and modality adaptations. This article examines pediatric neuroimaging practice through an ethics lens. Most authors in the field …

Medical Malpractice Reform: A Societal Crisis Or Fear Marketing?, Phil Rutsohn, Andrew Sikula Sr.

Management Faculty Research

This paper explores the primary issues surrounding the malpractice crisis currently facing the healthcare system and asks the question ‘is it truly a crisis or is it an effective marketing campaign waged by interested parties?’ The authors discuss the primary issues presented by both the supporters of tort reform and the opposition to tort reform. As is true for many issues in healthcare, final analysis suggests that tort reform is needed or not needed depends on the analysts' role in the system. The authors argue that the evidence suggests malpractice reform will produce desired results if the goal is to …

Reconciliation: The Search For An Authentic Architecture, Noel Brady

Articles

Glenn Murcutt and Juhani Pallasmaa in conversation with author discussing various architectural concepts and ideas

Would The United States Doctrine Of Preventative War Be Justified As A United Nations Doctrine?, Harry Van Der Linden

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

On the same day, 23 September 2003, that President George W. Bush defended his Iraq policy to the General Assembly of the United Nations, Secretary-General Kofi Annan also spoke to the Assembly. Annan reiterated his opposition to the view that states may independently be justified in using military force “preemptively” to avoid the dangers posed by the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) among states and terrorists, including nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.

From Tainted To Sainted: The Interracial Marriage As Cultural Evangelism, Rashmi Goel

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

The article talks about interracial relationships viewed as cultural evangelism. The author mentions that viewing interracial marriage as the ultimate indicator of racial progress leaves the cognitive imprint that underlies all race relations. Professor Goel introduces the four archetypes of interracial relations that emanated from the four historical institutions such as the Civilized White and Colored Savage, the White Colonizer and Colored Subject, the White Master and Colored Slave, and the White Missionary and Colored Heathen. An analysis of the social and legal aspects of interracial marriages and interracial families is also presented.

Separate And Obedient: The Judicial Qualification Missing From The Job Description, J. Amy Dillard

All Faculty Scholarship

The national debate about the role of judges, their qualifications and ideologies consumes news coverage, as evidenced by the recent appointment hearings of Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito and the aborted nomination of Harriet Miers. The American Bar Association is in the process of re-evaluating and updating its Model Code of Judicial Conduct. The poverty of the quality of the debate, with legislators on both sides of the aisle discussing a few political issues and largely ignoring issues of ethics and temperament, leaves the public with little helpful information about whether judicial candidates will abide by the …

Prosecutors, Ethics, And Expert Witnesses, Paul C. Giannelli, Kevin C. Mcmunigal

Faculty Publications

Commentators who have examined the DNA exonerations have noted the disturbing role that prosecutors have played in these wrongful convictions. Another significant contributor to these miscarriages of justice is the misuse of expert testimony, a third of the cases according to some sources. This Article examines the intersection of these two factors - the prosecutor's role in using and presenting expert testimony.

Prosecutorial misconduct may occur during most stages of a trial, beginning with the selection of witnesses, including the improper "shopping" for experts. Additional abuses occur when prosecutors fail to abide by rules governing the pretrial disclosure of scientific …

Aquatic Animals, Cognitive Ethology, And Ethics: Questions About Sentience And Other Troubling Issues That Lurk In Turbid Water, Marc Bekoff

Sentience Collection

In this general, strongly pro-animal, and somewhat utopian and personal essay, I argue that we owe aquatic animals respect and moral consideration just as we owe respect and moral consideration to all other animal beings, regardless of the taxonomic group to which they belong. In many ways it is more difficult to convince some people of our ethical obligations to numerous aquatic animals because we do not identify or empathize with them as we do with animals with whom we are more familiar or to whom we are more closely related, including those species (usually terrestrial) to whom we refer …

Introductory Remarks: The Relationship Of Law And Morality In Respect To Constitutional Law, William W. Van Alstyne

Faculty Scholarship

This article explores the consequences of a Constitution not entirely aligned with moral law. These remarks encourage all legal minds to acknowledge such gaps when they are found, although there are a variety of ways in which such acknowledgment may take shape.

The Development And Validation Of The Elementary School Ethical Climate Index, Kay Anne Keiser, Laura E. Schulte

Educational Leadership Faculty Publications

The purposes of this study were to develop and validate an instrument that measures the ethical climate of elementary schools. To create the Elementary School Ethical Climate Index (ESECI), we adapted the ethical climate index for middle and high schools. The ESECI assesses student and teacher interactions and relationships through the application of five ethical principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and fidelity (Kitchener, 1984, 1985). To provide evidence of the ESECI’s reliability and validity we distributed the ESECI to the students and teachers/staff at one urban elementary school in a Midwestern city. There was a significant difference in …

Achieving Transparency In Implementing Abortion Laws, Rebecca Cook, Joanna Erdman, Bernard Dickens

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

National and international courts and tribunals are increasingly ruling that although states may aim to deter unlawful abortion by criminal penalties, they bear a parallel duty to inform physicians and patients of when abortion is lawful. The fear is that women are unjustly denied safe medical procedures to which they are legally entitled, because without such information physicians are deterred from involvement. With particular attention to the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee, the Constitutional Court of Colombia, the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal, and the US Supreme Court, decisions are explained that show the responsibility …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of Mri Research Risks: In Support Of Full Disclosure, Jennifer Marshall, Toby Martin, Jocelyn Downie, Krisztina Malisza

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures have been used for over 20 years. This modality is considered relatively safe and holds great promise. Yet, MRI has a number of risks. In order for MRI research to meet the Canadian standard of disclosure, the investigator must communicate and make note of all risks in their research protocols and consent forms. Those creating and reviewing research protocols and consent forms must take notice of the different circumstances under which MRI poses a risk. First, this paper will describe the current standard of disclosure in Canada for research participants. Second, the paper will provide …

Thompson/Mcnulty Memo Internal Investigations: Ethical Concerns Of The Deputized Counsel, Colin P. Marks

Faculty Articles

Outside counsel who conduct internal investigations for corporate clients have always faced ethical concerns, especially when interviewing employees. Generally, a carefully crafted blanket statement at the beginning of the interview explaining outside counsel's role was sufficient to address these concerns. However, recent charging policies adopted by the Department of Justice ("DOJ") have drastically changed the rules. These policies, articulated in what is now commonly referred to as the "Thompson Memo," after the author and then Deputy General Larry Thompson, allowed prosecutors to consider factors such as waivers of the attorney-client privilege and work-product protections and whether the company provides legal …