Digital Commons Network^™

Normative Perspectives For Ethical And Socially Responsible Marketing, Gene R. Laczniak, Patrick Murphy

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This article presents a normative set of recommendations for elevating the practice of marketing ethics. The approach is grounded in seven essential perspectives involving multiple aspirational dimensions implicit in ethical marketing. More important, each basic perspective (BP), while singularly useful, is also integrated with the other observations as well as grounded in the extant ethics literature. This combination of BPs, adhering to the tenets of normative theory postulation, generates a connective, holistic approach that addresses some of the major factors marketing managers should consider if they desire to conduct their marketing campaigns with the highest levels of ethics and social …

The Impact Of Military Lifestyle Demands On Well-Being, Army, And Family Outcomes, Gary A. Adams, Doris B. Durand, Carl A. Castro

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Adopting M. Segal’s framework, we focused on examining four military lifestyle demands—(1) risk of service member injury or death, (2) frequent relocations, (3) periodic separations, and (4) foreign residence—and their relationships to psychological and physical well-being, satisfaction with the Army, and marital satisfaction. Questionnaire results from 346 spouses living overseas indicated that the impact of separations was negatively related to all four outcomes, while foreign residence was negatively related to physical and psychological well-being, fear for soldier safety was negatively related to physical well-being, and the impact of moving was negatively related to satisfaction with the Army. The results further …

Tests Of Graphic Visuals And Cigarette Package Warning Combinations: Implications For The Framework Convention On Tobacco Control, Jeremy Kees, Scot Burton, J. Craig Andrews, John Kozup

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

The World Health Organization recently adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a groundbreaking public health treaty that will require that warning information in the form of text, pictures, or a combination of these two forms cover at least 30% of the front and back of cigarette packages. In three studies using smokers from the United States and Canada, the authors examine the effects of specific graphic visuals in the context of current U.S. verbal warnings. The findings indicate that including both graphic visual warnings, such as those used in Canada, and warning statements currently used in the United States …

The Impact Of Local Predatory Lending Laws On The Flow Of Subprime Credit, Giang Ho, Anthony Pennington-Cross

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

Local authorities in North Carolina, and subsequently in at least 23 other states, have enacted laws intending to reduce predatory and abusive lending. While there is substantial variation in the laws, they typically extend the coverage of the Federal Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA) by including home purchase and open-end mortgage credit, by lowering annual percentage rate (APR) and fees and points triggers, and by prohibiting or restricting the use of balloon payments and prepayment penalties. Empirical results show that the typical local predatory lending law tends to reduce rejections, while having little impact on the flow (application …

Order Lead-Time Improvement Following Enterprise Information Technology Implementation: An Empirical Study, Mark Cotteleer, Elliot Bendoly

Management Faculty Research and Publications

This paper investigates the influence of enterprise systems implementation on operational performance. The work extends the literature on enterprise systems by focusing on changes in process dynamics as a source for ongoing firm-level performance improvement. A case discussion of Tristen Corporation, a firm that implemented ERP and subsequently experienced benefits through gains to its continuous improvement efforts, is examined in light of theorized impacts of such implementations on process dynamics. Analyses of longitudinal data suggest that performance along a key metric motivating the ERP initiative (i.e., order fulfillment lead-time) showed a significant improvement immediately after system deployment. The data further …

Sox Goes To College, Craig Piotrowki, Robert Yahr

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Ethics Of Managing Short-Term Earnings: Business Managers And Business Students Rate Earnings Management Practices – Implications For Academia, Don Giacomino, Jodi L. Gissel, Michael D. Akers

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

In 1990, Bruns and Merchant surveyed the readership of the Harvard Business Review (HBR). Their survey asked HBR readers to rate the acceptability of earnings management practices. Prior to that study, researchers and accounting practitioners paid little attention to the morality of short-term earnings management. However, in the wake of highly publicized financial frauds and failures, the profession and academic journals have emphasized the importance of the concepts of earnings quality and earnings management. The Bruns and Merchant survey provided 13 earnings management situations and asked the HBR readers to rate the acceptability of those practices. In this study, we …

Production And Inventory Management Under Multiple Resource Constraints, Kurt M. Bretthauer, Bala Shetty, Siddhartha Syam, Robert J. Vokurka

Management Faculty Research and Publications

In this paper we present a model and solution methodology for production and inventory management problems that involve multiple resource constraints. The model formulation is quite general, allowing organizations to handle a variety of multi-item decisions such as determining order quantities, production batch sizes, number of production runs, or cycle times. Resource constraints become necessary to handle interaction among the multiple items. Common types of resource constraints include limits on raw materials, machine capacity, workforce capacity, inventory investment, storage space, or the total number of orders placed. For example, in a production environment, there may be limited workforce capacity and …

Marketing, Consumers And Technology: Perspectives For Enhancing Ethical Transactions, Gene R. Laczniak, Patrick Murphy

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

The advance of technology has influenced marketing in a number of ways that have ethical implications. Growth in use of the Internet and e-commerce has placed electronic "cookies," spyware, spam, RFIDs, and data mining at the forefront of the ethical debate. Some marketers have minimized the significance of these trends. This overview paper examines these issues and introduces the two articles that follow. It is hoped that these entries will further the important "marketing and technology" ethical debate.

What Is Fraud And Who Is Responsible?, Michael D. Akers, Jodi L. Gissel

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

Research shows that fraudulent activity affecting the financial statements is more prevalent than ever despite the increased attention devoted to the prevention and detection of fraud by companies and professional accountants. Fraud is a critical issue for preparers and users of financial statements, as well as auditors. Each group’s association and involvement with the financial statements is from a slightly different perspective. Even though all individuals in the financial reporting process share the responsibility for the integrity of the financial statements, different perspectives of fraud can and do affect each group’s interpretation of fraudulent activity and responsibility for the prevention …

Debiasing Omission Neglect, Frank Kardes, Steven Posavac, David Silvera, Maria Cronley, David Sanbonmatsu, Susan Schertzer, Felicia Miller, Paul Herr, Murali Chandrashekaran

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Two experiments investigated the effectiveness of two new procedures for improving judgment by increasing sensitivity to missing information. When consumers are insensitive to important missing information, overly extreme product evaluations are formed. However, when consumers are sensitive to important missing information, they form more moderate and appropriate evaluations. Sensitivity to missing information was increased by encouraging consumers to consider their criteria for judgment before receiving product information (Experiment 1) and by asking consumers to rate presented and missing product attributes before providing overall product evaluations (Experiment 2). Both procedures were effective for improving judgment by reducing omission neglect.

Real World Classroom, Michael D. Akers

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Fraud Requirements In Ssars 10, Michael D. Akers, Jodi L. Gissel

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

With the issuance of Statement on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS) 10, Performance of Review Engagements, which is effective for review engagements for periods ending on or after Dec 15, 2004, the AICPA Accounting and Review Services Committee requires accountants performing review engagements to make inquiries regarding fraud. Furthermore, the management representation letter must address fraud. The authors reviewed the comment letters that the AICPA received in response to the exposure draft for SSARS 10 and conducted a survey of practitioners after the statement was issued. SSARS 10 amends SSARS 1, Compilation and Review of Financial Statements, primarily …

Entertainment Industry Ratings Disclosures And The Clear And Conspicuous Standard, Mariea Grubbs Hoy, J. Craig Andrews

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This study examined entertainment ratings disclosures against the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC’s) Clear and Conspicuous Standard (CCS). In their investigation of marketing of violent entertainment to youth, the FTC advocated that the motion picture, music recording, and electronic games industries focus on “ensuring that the rating … and the reasons for the rating … are effectively and clearly communicated to parents” (p. 31). An investigation of a week of prime-time television commercials across six networks revealed that with the exception of dual modality presentation of the letter rating, ratings disclosure information is often incomplete and falls far short of meeting …

An Empirical Study Of Operational Performance Parity Following Enterprise System Deployment, Mark Cotteleer

Management Faculty Research and Publications

This paper presents an empirical investigation into whether the implementation of packaged Enterprise Systems (ES) leads to parity in operational performance. Performance change and parity in operational performance are investigated in three geographically defined operating regions of a single firm. Order lead time, the elapsed time between receipt of an order and shipment to a customer, is used as a measure of operational performance. A single ES installation was deployed across all regions of the subject firm's operations.
Findings illustrate parity as an immediate consequence of ES deployment. However, differences in rates of performance improvement following deployment eventually result in …

The Value Of Foreclosed Property, Anthony Pennington-Cross

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

This paper examines the expected price appreciation of distressed property and compares it to the prevailing metropolitan area appreciation rate. Whether due to individual property or local area heterogeneity in appreciation, the results show that foreclosed property appreciates less than the area average appreciation rate. The magnitude of the deviation is sensitive to loan characteristics, legal restrictions, housing market conditions and marketing time.

Finding The Sweet Spot: A Two Industry Study Using The Zone Of Tolerance To Identify Determinant Service Quality Attributes, Srinivas Durvasula, Antonio Lobo, Steven Lysonski, Subhash Mehta

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This paper makes a detailed comparison of two major financial services in Singapore: life insurance and stockbrokerage. Relationships of perceptions and expectations of service quality, mean service adequacy (MSA) and mean service superiority (MSS) with service satisfaction and loyalty are examined. Results indicate that the reliability aspect of service quality is strongly related to satisfaction and loyalty in the stockbrokerage industry, while the assurance aspect of service quality enjoyed a similar status in the life insurance industry. Results also confirm that while MSA and MSS both drive satisfaction and loyalty, perceptions of actual service have the strongest correlations with those …

The Evolution Of The Subprime Mortgage Market, Souphala Chomsisengphet, Anthony Pennington-Cross

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

This paper describes subprime lending in the mortgage market and how it has evolved through time. Subprime lending has introduced a substantial amount of risk-based pricing into the mortgage market by creating a myriad of prices and product choices largely determined by borrower credit history (mortgage and rental payments. foreclosures and bankruptcies, and overall credit scores) and down payment requirements. Although sub prime lending still differs from prime lending in many ways, much of the growth (at least in the securitized portion of the market) has come in the least-risky (A-) segment of the market. In addition, lenders have imposed …

Weighing The Public Interest, Jodi L. Gissel, Don Giacomino, Michael Akers

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

In 1981, the AICPA addressed the issue of going concern status through SAS 34, The Auditor's Considerations When a Question Arises About an Entity's Continued Existence. In 1988, the AICPA issued SAS 59, The Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which remains the authoritative guidance. To determine if additional guidance on the topic of going concern is provided by accounting organizations, the authors contacted the AICPA and the state CPA societies. The authors found that none of these organizations provide additional literature or guidance in this area. Several individuals have criticized the current literature …

Ethical Marketing: A Look On The Bright Side, Thomas A. Klein, Gene R. Laczniak, Patrick E. Murphy

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This article offers an alternative to conventional approaches to ethical analysis in business and marketing. We submit that studying companies with exemplary records of ethical conduct and social responsibility offers useful and compelling guidance to marketing students and managers. It provides another needed perspective beyond simply examining examples of misconduct or offering normative advice that may not reflect the specifics of corporate situations. Based on examples presented in a recent text by the authors and Better Business Bureau Torch Awardees, we present information on thirteen companies of varying size and from several different industries. That information includes ethics policies, management …

States Fight Predatory Lending Laws In Different Ways, Giang Ho, Anthony Pennington-Cross

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

To restrict predatory lending in the subprime (high cost) mortgage market, Congress enacted in 1994 the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA). This law restricts some types of lending and requires lenders to disclose additional information about loans that have predatory features. Following the lead of federal regulations, at least 23 states, beginning with North Carolina in 1999, have introduced their own predatory lending laws, using HOEPA as a template.1

Perhaps not surprisingly, research focusing on the impact of the North Carolina law found that the rate of applications and originations for subprime loans declined after the law took …

Government And Corporate Initiatives For Indian Women In It, Monica Adya

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Education of women severely lags behind that of men in many developing nations. Fewer girls go to school, tend to drop out earlier than boys, do not receive the same level of education as their male counterparts, and often choose careers that are female predominant (Kelly, 1987). Without exception, India is quite representative of these gender-biased phenomena in education. However, the recent explosion of offshore outsourcing market in India has created a new recognition regarding the role of women in technological careers. The Indian IT sector has seen a trend contrary to what most western nations are experiencing—predominance of women …

The American Aircraft Industrial Base: On The Brink, David R. King

Management Faculty Research and Publications

An article reviewing the decline in the American aircraft industrial base.

R&D Investment Level And Environment As Predictors Of Firm Acquisition, Michael Heeley, David R. King, Jeffrey Covin

Management Faculty Research and Publications

R&D investments contribute to the development of firm technology resources, and the possession of such resources often increases a firm’s attractiveness as a potential acquisition target. However, the value ascribed to a firm’s technology resources by would-be acquirers may be moderated by its industry’s environmental characteristics. Using data from 2886 firms, we find that investments in R&D predict acquisition likelihood and that R&D investments are most strongly associated with acquisition of firms under conditions of high environmental munificence and dynamism. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Institutional Characteristics And Gender Choice In It, Mary Malliaris, Linda Salchenberger

Management Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Imparting Global Software Development Experience Via An It Project Management Course: Critical Success Factors, Monica Adya

Management Faculty Research and Publications

The rapid trend towards global sourcing of software development has put increased pressure upon U.S. educational institutions in order to provide such experience and relevant skill sets to their students. This presentation describes one such initiative between a Marquette University and Management Development Institute aimed at providing experience in global software development to their students. For others interested in undertaking such initiatives, this paper discusses some dos and dont’s.

Factors Influencing Girls' Choice Of Information Technology Careers, Monica Adya, Kate Kaiser

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Many western nations have experienced declining numbers of women in the information technology (IT) workforce (Trauth, Nielsen, & von Hellens, 2003). Between 1996 and 2002, women in the U.S. IT workforce declined from 41% to 34.9% (ITAA, 2003). This can hamper diversity and reduce the talent pool that can address needs of diverse end-users (Florida & Gates, 2002). Why do women choose IT careers or reject them? Multidisciplinary research on career genderization reveals gender imbalance (Trauth, Nielsen, & von Hellens, 2003). Career decisions against math, science, and technology (MST) are often made as early as age 11 without understanding long-term …

Integrating The Unfolding Model And Job Embeddedness Model To Better Understand Voluntary Turnover, Brooks Holtom, Edward Inderrieden

Management Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Internal Competency And Managing Environmental Uncertainty: Propensity To Collaborate In International Markets, Syed H. Akhter, Fernando Robles

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose – The choice of an international market entry mode involves two critical considerations, leveraging internal competencies and managing environmental uncertainties in host countries. The purpose of the paper is to explicate how these two considerations affect the propensity to collaborate in international markets. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on existing theories and develops hypotheses showing relations between competencies and uncertainty and collaboration in international markets. Findings – Conceptual relations show that the goals of leveraging competencies and managing environmental uncertainty in host countries have varying effects on the level of international collaboration. Originality/value – The effects are shown through …

Examining The Cross-National Applicability Of Multi-Item, Multidimensional Measures Using Generalizability Theory, Srinivas Durvasula, Richard G. Netemeyer, J. Craig Andrews, Steven Lysonski

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Establishing the applicability of multi-item measures is important for making valid inferences when testing theories cross-nationally. Typically, researchers have relied upon the tenets of classical measurement theory (CT) using confirmatory factor model invariance testing to conclude that a unidimensional measure is applicable across countries. However, two important issues remain unresolved via CT techniques: (1) if the measure is found not to be invariant, CT tells us little as to why the measure varies across countries; and (2) if the measure is multi-dimensional, what factors affect its cross-national applicability? Our research seeks to address these issues and the cross-national measurement applicability …