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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Using Pre-Tests And Post-Tests To Measure Student Learning, Rebecca Teed
Using Pre-Tests And Post-Tests To Measure Student Learning, Rebecca Teed
Rebecca Teed
How much are students actually learning in our classes? The best predictor of a student’s final exam grade is how much content knowledge they had coming in. This prior knowledge can be assessed with a pre-test, allowing instructors to adjust the course based on what students already know or don’t know. The instructor can use the pre-test scores to create student groups that are either heterogeneous (for cooperative learning) or homogeneous (for differentiated instruction) with respect to content background at the start of term. A curriculum designer wishing to compare learning gains for different teaching tools such as cooperative learning …
Faster Than The Speed Of Rejection: Object Identification Processes During Visual Search For Multiple Targets, Hayward J. Godwin, Stephen Walenchok, Joseph W. Houpt, Michael C. Hout, Stephen D. Goldinger
Faster Than The Speed Of Rejection: Object Identification Processes During Visual Search For Multiple Targets, Hayward J. Godwin, Stephen Walenchok, Joseph W. Houpt, Michael C. Hout, Stephen D. Goldinger
Joseph W. Houpt
When engaged in a visual search for two targets, participants are slower and less accurate in their responses, relative to their performance when searching for singular targets. Previous work on this “dual-target cost” has primarily focused on the breakdown of attention guidance when looking for two items. Here, we investigated how object identification processes are affected by dual-target search. Our goal was to chart the speed at which distractors could be rejected, in order to assess whether dual-target search impairs object identification. To do so, we examined the capacity coefficient, which measures the speed at which decisions can be made, …
Can Two Dots Form A Gestalt? Measuring Emergent Features With The Capacity Coefficient, Robert X.D. Hawkins, Joseph W. Houpt, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend
Can Two Dots Form A Gestalt? Measuring Emergent Features With The Capacity Coefficient, Robert X.D. Hawkins, Joseph W. Houpt, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
While there is widespread agreement among vision researchers on the importance of some local aspects of visual stimuli, such as hue and intensity, there is no general consensus on a full set of basic sources of information used in perceptual tasks. Gestalt theories place particular value on emergent features, which are based on the higher-order relationships among elements of a stimulus rather than local properties. Thus, arbitrating between different accounts of features is an important step in arbitrating between local and Gestalt theories of perception in general. In this paper, we present the capacity coefficient from Systems Factorial Technology (SFT) …
Working Memory’S Workload Capacity, Andrew Heathcote, James R. Coleman, Ami Eidels, Jason M. Watson, Joseph W. Houpt, David L. Strayer
Working Memory’S Workload Capacity, Andrew Heathcote, James R. Coleman, Ami Eidels, Jason M. Watson, Joseph W. Houpt, David L. Strayer
Joseph W. Houpt
We examined the role of dual-task interference in working memory using a novel dual 2-back task that requires a redundant-target response (i.e., that neither the auditory nor visual stimulus occurred two back vs. one or both occurred two back) on every trial. Comparisons with performance on single 2 back trials (i.e., with only auditory or only visual stimuli) showed dual-task demands reduced both speed and accuracy. Our task design enabled a novel application of Townsend and Nozawa’s (1995) workload capacity measure, which revealed that the decrement in dual 2-back performance was mediated by sharing of a limited amount of processing …
Accurate Local Estimation Of Geo-Coordinates For Social Media Posts, Derek Doran, Swapna S. Gokhale, Aldo Dagnino
Accurate Local Estimation Of Geo-Coordinates For Social Media Posts, Derek Doran, Swapna S. Gokhale, Aldo Dagnino
Derek Doran
Associating geo-coordinates with the content of social media posts can enhance many existing applications and services and enable a host of new ones. Unfortunately, a majority of social media posts are not tagged with geo-coordinates. Even when location data is available, it may be inaccurate, very broad or sometimes fictitious. Contemporary location estimation approaches based on analyzing the content of these posts can identify only broad areas such as a city, which limits their usefulness. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a methodology to narrowly estimate the geo-coordinates of social media posts with high accuracy. The methodology relies solely …
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Christopher Donkin
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Christopher Donkin
Joseph W. Houpt
As a fundamental part of our daily lives, visual word processing has received much attention in the psychological literature. Despite the well established advantage of perceiving letters in a word or in a pseudoword over letters alone or in random sequences using accuracy, a comparable effect using response times has been elusive. Some researchers continue to question whether the advantage due to word context is perceptual. We use the capacity coefficient, a well established, response time based measure of efficiency to provide evidence of word processing as a particularly efficient perceptual process to complement those results from the accuracy domain.
Systems Factorial Technology With R, Joseph W. Houpt, Leslie M. Blaha, John P. Mcintire, Paul R. Havig, James T. Townsend
Systems Factorial Technology With R, Joseph W. Houpt, Leslie M. Blaha, John P. Mcintire, Paul R. Havig, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
Systems Factorial Technology (SFT) comprises a set of powerful nonparametric models and measures, together with a theory-driven experiment methodology termed the Double Factorial Paradigm (DFP), for assessing the cognitive information processing mechanisms supporting the processing of multiple sources of information in a given task. We provide an overview of the model-based measures of SFT together with a tutorial on designing a DFP experiment to take advantage of all SFT measures in a single experiment. Illustrative examples are given to highlight the breadth of applicability of these techniques across psychology. We further introduce and demonstrate a new package for performing SFT …
Capacity Coefficient Variations, Joseph W. Houpt, Andrew Heathcote, Ami Eidels, Nathan Medeiros-Ward, Jason Watson, David Strayer
Capacity Coefficient Variations, Joseph W. Houpt, Andrew Heathcote, Ami Eidels, Nathan Medeiros-Ward, Jason Watson, David Strayer
Joseph W. Houpt
The capacity coefficient has become an increasingly popular measure of efficiency under changes in workload. It has been used in applications ranging from psychophysical detection tasks to complex cognitive tasks, as well as in addressing questions in social and clinical psychology. The basic formulation compares response times to each stimulus property (or task) in isolation to response times with all stimulus properties (or tasks) at the same time. A number of variations on the basic capacity coefficient have been used, both in the experimental design and in the calculations, and many more are possible. Here we outline the theoretical reasons …
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
Characterization Of Structured Nanomaterials Using Terahertz Frequency Radiation, Andrew Niklas
Characterization Of Structured Nanomaterials Using Terahertz Frequency Radiation, Andrew Niklas
Andrew Niklas
Measurements that use terahertz frequency radiation to characterize materials are beneficial for scientists trying to determine the physical parameters that govern the interaction of electromagnetic waves and matter at those frequencies. Results will be presented of time domain terahertz spectroscopy measurements taken in forward and backward scattering directions from vertically aligned arrays of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and thin films of perforated copper. The intent of this research is to both corroborate results from independent research groups conducting similar experiments and to further increase understanding in the scientific community with respect to carbon nanotube reflection phenomena at terahertz frequencies.
Bayesian Approaches To Assessing Architecture And Stopping Rule, Joseph W. Houpt, A. Heathcote, A. Eidels, J. T. Townsend
Bayesian Approaches To Assessing Architecture And Stopping Rule, Joseph W. Houpt, A. Heathcote, A. Eidels, J. T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
Much of scientific psychology and cognitive science can be viewed as a search to understand the mechanisms and dynamics of perception, thought and action. Two processing attributes of particular interest to psychologists are the architecture, or temporal relationships between sub-processes of the system, and the stopping rule, which dictates how many of the sub-processes must be completed for the system to finish. The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) is a powerful tool for assessing the architecture and stopping rule of a mental process model. Thus far, statistical analysis of the SIC has been limited to null-hypothesis- significance tests. In this talk …
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt, Noah H. Silbert
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt, Noah H. Silbert
Joseph W. Houpt
General Recognition Theory (GRT; Ashby & Townsend, 1986) is a multidimensional theory of classification. Originally developed to study various types of perceptual independence, it has also been widely employed in diverse cognitive venues, such as categorization. The initial theory and applications have been static, that is, lacking a time variable and focusing on patterns of responses, such as confusion matrices. Ashby proposed a parallel, dynamic stochastic version of GRT with application to perceptual independence based on discrete linear systems theory with imposed noise \citep{Ash89}. The current study again focuses on cognitive/perceptual independence within an identification classification paradigm. We extend stochastic …
Configuration As A Source Of Information, Joseph W. Houpt, Robert D. Hawkins, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Configuration As A Source Of Information, Joseph W. Houpt, Robert D. Hawkins, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
Fundamental Properties Of Simple Emergent Feature Processing, Robert D. Hawkins, Joseph W. Houpt, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Fundamental Properties Of Simple Emergent Feature Processing, Robert D. Hawkins, Joseph W. Houpt, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
From Deep Space 9 To The Gamma Quadrant!, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt
From Deep Space 9 To The Gamma Quadrant!, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
A Statistical Test For The Capacity Coefficient, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
A Statistical Test For The Capacity Coefficient, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
An Extension Of Sic Predictions To The Wiener Coactive Model, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
An Extension Of Sic Predictions To The Wiener Coactive Model, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
The survivor interaction contrasts (SIC) is a powerful measure for distinguishing among candidate models of human information processing. One class of models to which SIC analysis can apply are the coactive, or channel summation, models of human information processing. In general, parametric forms of coactive models assume that responses are made based on the first passage time across a fixed threshold of a sum of stochastic processes. Previous work has shown that the SIC for a coactive model based on the sum of Poisson processes has a distinctive down--up--down form, with an early negative region that is smaller than the …
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
No abstract provided.
Multiple Solutions For An Elliptic Problem Related To Vortex Pairs, Yi Li, Shuangjie Peng
Multiple Solutions For An Elliptic Problem Related To Vortex Pairs, Yi Li, Shuangjie Peng
Yi Li
Let Ω be a bounded domain in RN (N⩾2), φ a harmonic function in Ω¯. In this paper we study the existence of solutions to the following problem arising in the study of vortex pairs(Pλ){−Δu=λ(u−φ)+p−1,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈∂Ω. The set Ωp={x∈Ω,u(x)>φ} is called “vortex core”. Existence of solutions whose “vortex core” consists of one component and asymptotic behavior of “vortex core” were studied by many authors for large λ recently. Under the condition that φ has k strictly local minimum points on the boundary ∂Ω, we obtain in this paper that for λ large enough, (Pλ) has a solution with “vortex core” …
Nice Guys Finish Fast And Bad Guys Finish Last: Facilitatory Vs. Inhibitory Interaction In Parallel Systems, Ami Eidels, Joseph W. Houpt, Nicholas Altieri, Lei Pei, James T. Townsend
Nice Guys Finish Fast And Bad Guys Finish Last: Facilitatory Vs. Inhibitory Interaction In Parallel Systems, Ami Eidels, Joseph W. Houpt, Nicholas Altieri, Lei Pei, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
Systems Factorial Technology is a powerful framework for investigating the fundamental properties of human information processing such as architecture (i.e., serial or parallel processing) and capacity (how processing efficiency is affected by increased workload). The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) and the Capacity Coefficient are effective measures in determining these underlying properties, based on response-time data. Each of the different architectures, under the assumption of independent processing, predicts a specific form of the SIC along with some range of capacity. In this study, we explored SIC predictions of discrete-state (Markov process) and continuous-state (Linear Dynamic) models that allow for certain types …
The Positive Solutions Of The Matukuma Equation And The Problem Of Finite Radius And Finite Mass, Jurgen Batt, Yi Li
The Positive Solutions Of The Matukuma Equation And The Problem Of Finite Radius And Finite Mass, Jurgen Batt, Yi Li
Yi Li
This work is an extensive study of the 3 different types of positive solutions of the Matukuma equation 1r2(r2ϕ′)′=−rλ−2(1+r2)λ/2ϕp,p>1,λ>0 : the E-solutions (regular at r = 0), the M-solutions (singular at r = 0) and the F-solutions (whose existence begins away from r = 0). An essential tool is a transformation of the equation into a 2-dimensional asymptotically autonomous system, whose limit sets (by a theorem of H. R. Thieme) are the limit sets of Emden–Fowler systems, and serve as to characterizate the different solutions. The emphasis lies on the study of the M-solutions. …
"A Repeating World": Redeeming The Past And Future In The Utopian Dystopia Of Jeanette Winterson's The Stone Gods, Hope Jennings
"A Repeating World": Redeeming The Past And Future In The Utopian Dystopia Of Jeanette Winterson's The Stone Gods, Hope Jennings
Hope E. Jennings
The article examines how Jeanette Winterson's book The Stone Gods follows a spatio-temporal alternative to the pattern of dystopian apocalypse and the utopian breach from history. It notes that such alternative showed Winterson's objective to tear down repressive ideologies through articulated narratives that no longer enact similar self-destructive cycles. It also points that the book is a pertinent illustration of a feminist critical dystopia.
The Statistical Properties Of The Survivor Interaction Contrast, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
The Statistical Properties Of The Survivor Interaction Contrast, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) is a powerful tool for assessing the architecture and stopping rule of a model of mental processes. Despite its demonstrated utility, the methodology has lacked a method for statistical testing until now. In this paper we briefly describe the SIC then develop some basic statistical properties of the measure. These developments lead to a statistical test for rejecting certain classes of models based on the SIC. We verify these tests using simulated data, then demonstrate their use on data from a simple cognitive task.
The Comic Apocalypse Of The Year Of The Flood, Hope Jennings
The Comic Apocalypse Of The Year Of The Flood, Hope Jennings
Hope E. Jennings
If one of the primary tensions in Margaret Atwood's work is between survival (for the individual or humanity as a whole) and "the question of whether survival is even merited," exemplified by the author's recurring interest in exploring the end of the world (Wilson 177), then Atwood has become one of contemporary literature's. most rigorous demythologizers of Apocalypse, while at the same contributing to its tradition of prophetic warning.
Functional Principal Components Analysis And The Capacity Coefficient, D. Burns, Joseph W. Houpt, M. J. Endres, J. T. Townsend
Functional Principal Components Analysis And The Capacity Coefficient, D. Burns, Joseph W. Houpt, M. J. Endres, J. T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
The capacity coefficient is a well established measure of the efficiency of processing combined sources of information. It has been applied to measure cognitive processes ranging from audio-visual integration to face perception. Recently, the capacity coefficient has also been applied in various clinical situations. Typical clinical analysis, such as structural equation modeling, use scalar values or vectors with limited length as input. We explored the use of functional principal component analysis (fPCA) to allow researchers to describe the capacity coefficient, a continuous function of time, with a small set of discrete values. The fPCA approach was compared with two simple …
Comrade Father Thomas Mcgrady: A Socialist Priest's Quest For Equality Through Socialism, Jacob H. Dorn
Comrade Father Thomas Mcgrady: A Socialist Priest's Quest For Equality Through Socialism, Jacob H. Dorn
Jacob Dorn
No abstract provided.
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
As a fundamental part of our daily lives, visual word processing has received much attention in the psychological literature. Despite the well established perceptual advantages of word and pseudoword context using accuracy, a comparable effect using response times has been elusive. Some researchers continue to question whether the advantage due to word context is perceptual. We use the capacity coefficient, a well established, response time based measure of efficiency to provide evidence of word processing as a particularly efficient perceptual process to complement those results from the accuracy domain.
Existence Of Traveling Wave Solutions For A Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Model Of Influenza A Drift, Joaquin Riviera, Yi Li
Existence Of Traveling Wave Solutions For A Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Model Of Influenza A Drift, Joaquin Riviera, Yi Li
Yi Li
In this paper we discuss the existence of traveling wave solutions for a nonlocal reaction-diffusion model of Influenza A proposed in Lin et. al. (2003). The proof for the existence of the traveling wave takes advantage of the different time scales between the evolution of the disease and the progress of the disease in the population. Under this framework we are able to use the techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory to prove the existence of the traveling wave.
Periodic Traveling Waves In Sirs Endemic Models, Tong Li, Yi Li, Herbert W. Hethcote
Periodic Traveling Waves In Sirs Endemic Models, Tong Li, Yi Li, Herbert W. Hethcote
Yi Li
Mathematical models are used to determine if infection wave fronts could occur by traveling geographically in a loop around a region or continent. These infection wave fronts arise by Hopf bifurcation for some spatial models for infectious disease transmission with distributed-contacts. Periodic traveling waves are shown to exist for the spatial analog of the SIRS endemic model, in which the temporary immunity is described by a delay, but they do not exist in a similar spatial SIRS endemic model without a delay. Specifically, we found that the ratio of the delay ω in the recovered class and the average infectious …