Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education (7)
- Health and Physical Education (7)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (7)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (7)
- Kinesiology (6)
-
- Life Sciences (6)
- Sports Studies (6)
- Exercise Physiology (5)
- Exercise Science (5)
- Leisure Studies (5)
- Physiology (5)
- Sports Sciences (5)
- Business (4)
- Other Rehabilitation and Therapy (4)
- Outdoor Education (4)
- Rehabilitation and Therapy (4)
- Sports Management (4)
- Tourism and Travel (4)
- Public Health (3)
- Curriculum and Instruction (2)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (2)
- Recreation Business (2)
- Applied Ethics (1)
- Arts and Humanities (1)
- Bioethics and Medical Ethics (1)
- Community Health and Preventive Medicine (1)
- Early Childhood Education (1)
- Health Law and Policy (1)
- Law (1)
- Legal Studies (1)
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Improving Access To Emerging Lifesaving Drugs: Solving The Disclosure Problem Within The Patent Dance, Michael J. Schellhous
Improving Access To Emerging Lifesaving Drugs: Solving The Disclosure Problem Within The Patent Dance, Michael J. Schellhous
Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy
Biologics are a growing class of pharmaceutical drugs and are associated with a significant portion of major medical breakthroughs over the past fifty years. However, in comparison with traditional small-molecule drugs, biologics are vastly more complex, more difficult to manufacture, and extremely expensive. Congress passed the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) in an effort to increase the availability of biosimilars—the generic versions of biologic drugs—but the BPCIA has been largely ineffective. This is due, in part, to the lack of a standard regarding initial information disclosures required at the outset of the BPCIA process, leading to a cumbersome …
Validation Of A New Incremental Swim Test As A Tool For Maximum Oxygen Uptake Analysis In Lifeguards, Brais Ruibal-Lista, José Palacios-Aguilar, José Antonio Prieto, Sergio López-García, José Antonio Cecchini-Estrada, Miguel Santiago-Alonso, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
Validation Of A New Incremental Swim Test As A Tool For Maximum Oxygen Uptake Analysis In Lifeguards, Brais Ruibal-Lista, José Palacios-Aguilar, José Antonio Prieto, Sergio López-García, José Antonio Cecchini-Estrada, Miguel Santiago-Alonso, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
This study was designed to validate an incremental test predicting maximum oxygen uptake for lifeguards. A maximum incremental test was performed in the laboratory (i.e., treadmill run) and in the pool (i.e., swim) by 10 certified lifeguards. The values of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2Max), maximum heart rate (HRMax), and lactate (LaMax) achieved during both tests were analyzed. The VO2Max (0.87, p =.001), HRmax (0.85, p = .002) and LaMax (0.67, p
Visitor Drownings In Spain 2013-2018, Luis Miguel Pascual Gomez, Diego Garcia Ph.D., Alfonso De La Vega, Dario Pascual Garcia
Visitor Drownings In Spain 2013-2018, Luis Miguel Pascual Gomez, Diego Garcia Ph.D., Alfonso De La Vega, Dario Pascual Garcia
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
No abstract provided.
My Lifesaving Story: Ireland Medal Presentation Address, Shayne Baker D. Prof.
My Lifesaving Story: Ireland Medal Presentation Address, Shayne Baker D. Prof.
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
No abstract provided.
“First, Do No Harm”: Old And New Paradigms In Prehospital Resuscitation In The Aquatic Domain, John H. Pearn, Richard Charles Franklin
“First, Do No Harm”: Old And New Paradigms In Prehospital Resuscitation In The Aquatic Domain, John H. Pearn, Richard Charles Franklin
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The balance between benefit and risk is central to the work of all those involved in aquatic services. The Hippocratic exhortation of Primum non nocere, “First, do no harm,” has a history of over 2000 years. Superficially, all would support this dictum, but harm can result from inaction. The balance between no or little intervention on the one hand and proactive intervention with iatrogenic risk on the other is complex and enduring. Risk implies that one does not have all the information available to know the exact likelihood of an outcome, a common situation involving rescue, first aid, and …
Understanding Contributing Factors To Child Drownings In Public Pools In Australia: A Review Of National Coronial Records, Lauren A. Petrass Dr, Jennifer Blitvich
Understanding Contributing Factors To Child Drownings In Public Pools In Australia: A Review Of National Coronial Records, Lauren A. Petrass Dr, Jennifer Blitvich
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
This study examined the incidence and circumstances associated with child drowning in public pools in Australia; and identified the frequency and nature of coroners’ recommendations. Retrospective case-series analysis of child (aged 0-10 years) unintentional drowning deaths in public pools were conducted based on Coronial data. A total of 12 child drownings were identified. A lack of supervision was recognized as the key contributing factor in 92% of cases, with the caregiver responsible for multiple children (83%); older children supervising younger children (17%); and a busy pool environment (25%) consistently linked with in-adequate supervision. To address drownings in public pools it …
Drowning: The First Time Problem, John Connolly
Drowning: The First Time Problem, John Connolly
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
No abstract provided.
Drowning: The Exit Problem, John Connolly
Drowning: The Exit Problem, John Connolly
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
No abstract provided.
The Lifesaving Foundation, John Connolly
The Lifesaving Foundation, John Connolly
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The aim of this educational article is to provide a historical overview of a small charity called The Lifesaving Foundation. The Foundation is based in Ireland, has an international membership, and supports the development of lifesaving in countries in Africa and Asia. It aims to reduce the number of drowning deaths worldwide by supporting and conducting drowning prevention-related research, organizing a regular research conference to disseminate the latest drowning prevention and rescue research, publishing water safety and drowning prevention information and financially supporting water safety-related projects in low and middle income countries.
Approaches For Beach Safety And Education In Ghana: A Case Study For Developing Countries With A Surf Coast, Cara E. Hammerton, Robert W. Brander, Nicholas Dawe, Craig Riddington, Roger Engel
Approaches For Beach Safety And Education In Ghana: A Case Study For Developing Countries With A Surf Coast, Cara E. Hammerton, Robert W. Brander, Nicholas Dawe, Craig Riddington, Roger Engel
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Beach drowning in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC’S) like the west African nation of Ghana, is a poorly understood problem. A physical site assessment of the Ghana coast was undertaken to determine beach types, hazards, and the potential for implementing community surf education and lifeguarding services. A questionnaire survey was administered to 346 participants in coastal regions providing information related to beach drowning. Results demonstrated that a significant number of drownings occur on this wave-dominated coastline, particularly on public holidays, with 82% of participants knowing someone who had drowned. Ignorance of the rip current hazard was evident with 37% of …
The C-Zones Framework, John Connolly
The C-Zones Framework, John Connolly
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Lifesavers often discuss and analyze rescue and drowning incidents. The C Zones Framework was designed to serve as an aid to such discussions. It is constituted by a number of zones (i.e. C1-concern, C2-crisis, C3-critical, C4-cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), C5-coma, and C6-conclusions) and is simple enough to be easily remembered and quickly drawn on a piece of paper yet sufficiently detailed to be a serious analytical tool. The use of multicolored or different style lines permits the comparison of numerous casualty variations and outcomes on the one framework. The standard framework has a 20 minute time limit describing the progress of …
Drowning In Ancient Greek History And Mythology, Stathis Avramidis
Drowning In Ancient Greek History And Mythology, Stathis Avramidis
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The purpose of this article was to describe the prevalence of drowning as a cause of death in the mythology and ancient Greek history and under what circumstances it occurred. From all the names and references (n= 40,000) recorded in a database of the ancient and mythological Greek literature (Devouros, 2007), the number of drowning incidents was identified (n=37), 17 males (45.94%), 6 females (16.22%), and 14 reports of multiple casualties (37.84%). The review of the database confirmed that drowning was attributed to “acts of demigod” but was more often due to human accidental submersion or to “acts of God” …
Under What Circumstances Do People Drown? Encoding The Fourth Component Of The 4w Model, Stathis Avramidis, Ronald Butterly, David Llewellyn
Under What Circumstances Do People Drown? Encoding The Fourth Component Of The 4w Model, Stathis Avramidis, Ronald Butterly, David Llewellyn
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The aim of the current study was to identify under what circumstances people drown using the 4W model (Avramidis, Butterly, Llewellyn, 2007). We used qualitative content analysis to analyze drowning incident videos (n = 41), and semi-structured interviews of those involved in drowning incidents (n = 34). Results confirmed that drowning incidents can occur at any time, although most likely during daylight, and during any season of the year, with summer most common. We observed that drowning can occur after engaging in just about any form of human activity, on, near, above or under the surface of a liquid (mainly …
Where Do People Drown? Encoding The Third Component Of The 4w Model, Stathis Avramidis, Ronald Butterly, David Llewellyn
Where Do People Drown? Encoding The Third Component Of The 4w Model, Stathis Avramidis, Ronald Butterly, David Llewellyn
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
When there is human activity in, above, or around an aquatic environment, a drowning incident may occur due to rescuer characteristics, casualty characteristics, location, and general circumstances (Avramidis, Butterly & Llewellyn, 2007). The aim of the current study was to identify locations where people drown. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyze drowning incident videos (n = 41), and semi-structured interviews were conducted of those involved in drowning incidents (n = 34). Drowning incidents may occur in any aquatic environment with a water depth that allows immersion or submersion, under a variety of environmental conditions where the ground in sloping, …
Will They Sink Or Swim? New Zealand Youth Water Safety Knowledge And Skills, Kevin Moran
Will They Sink Or Swim? New Zealand Youth Water Safety Knowledge And Skills, Kevin Moran
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
This paper examines the practical and theoretical knowledge of New Zealand youth, identifies gaps in the understanding of water safety by these same youth, and suggests ways of addressing the shortcomings. A questionnaire was completed by 2,202 youth in a nationwide survey, New Zealand Youth Water Safety Survey 2003. Self-reported swimming, rescue, and resuscitation skills and understanding of small-boat safety and surf safety were the competencies chosen to evaluate youth skills and knowledge. Many estimated that they could not swim more than 100 m (n = 1192; 54%) or that they could not perform CPR (n = 939; 43%). When …
The Need For Advanced Cardiac Life Support Certification For Open-Water Lifeguards At Huntington Beach, Ca, Daniel Jerome, Peter R. Chambers, Steve Reuter, John Porcari
The Need For Advanced Cardiac Life Support Certification For Open-Water Lifeguards At Huntington Beach, Ca, Daniel Jerome, Peter R. Chambers, Steve Reuter, John Porcari
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The number of people visiting U.S. beaches increased in 2007 to more than 240 million people. This increase in activities does not come without danger. Lifeguards maintain beach safety, but little research is available to assist us in determining appropriate certification levels for lifeguards. The authors analyzed various injuries that occurred in the open-water environment of Huntington Beach, CA. Based on the nature of the injuries, they attempted to determine the level of training lifeguards needed. The vast majority of injuries (99%) were soft-tissue injuries, musculoskeletal injuries, or environmental injuries. It was felt that lifeguards with first-aid and basic-life-support (BLS) …
The 4w Model Of Drowning, Stathis Avramidis, Ronald Butterly, David J. Llewellyn
The 4w Model Of Drowning, Stathis Avramidis, Ronald Butterly, David J. Llewellyn
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The aim of the study was to develop a conceptual model of drowning incidents. The authors conducted qualitative content analysis of drowning-incident videos (n = 41), and semi-structured interviews of those involved in drowning incidents (n = 34), followed by the measurement of frequencies and Boolean search with matrix intersection. Results confirmed that when there is human activity in, above, or around an aquatic environment, a drowning incident may occur to whomever, wherever, and under whatever circumstance. Factors that determined drowning outcome were, in order of importance, rescuer characteristics (Who1), casualty characteristics (Who2), location (Wherever), and general circumstances (Whatever). The …
Competitive Anxiety In Lifesavers And Swimmers, Eleftheria Avramidou, Stathis Avramidis, Remco Pollman
Competitive Anxiety In Lifesavers And Swimmers, Eleftheria Avramidou, Stathis Avramidis, Remco Pollman
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
This study examined state and trait anxiety in lifesavers and swimmers. They completed the SAS and the CSAI-2d before a training and the CSAI-2d again before a competition. Lifesavers were found to have lower levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety than competitive swimmers. Both groups were found to have lower levels of self-confidence but higher levels of somatic anxiety before a competition in comparison to regular training sessions. Lifesavers found their levels of somatic anxiety to be more facilitative than the swimmers did. Both groups perceived that higher levels of self-confidence to be more facilitative before competition than before training. …
Injury Rates During Water-Based Wilderness Recreation, G. Dean Witman
Injury Rates During Water-Based Wilderness Recreation, G. Dean Witman
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
This study came about after the author approached several people in the wilderness-recreation field about their risk-management practices, especially those related to training people who lead trips involving water exposure. The author was surprised that no widely accepted standards exist for training trip leaders or for the skills they need to deal with cases of water emergency. Some people even speculated that injury rates would increase if more water-safety training were conducted because injury rates during land-based activities were assumed to be greater. Although it was outside the scope of this effort to test all current opinions about wilderness water …
A Comparison Of American Red Cross- And Ymca-Preferred Approach Methods Used To Rescue Near-Drowning Victims, Tomas Alejandro Leclerc
A Comparison Of American Red Cross- And Ymca-Preferred Approach Methods Used To Rescue Near-Drowning Victims, Tomas Alejandro Leclerc
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in time that it will take a rescuer to swim different distances to a near-drowning victim with a rescue tube, using preferred YMCA and American Red Cross approach methods. The skills that were timed included YMCA and Red Cross approach skills with a rescue tube using the modified breaststroke and front crawl strokes. Three different events were timed using the two different approach strokes, for a total of 10 trials. It was assumed that the victim in this study was a passive victim facing away from the rescuer. This positioning …
Escape And Rescue From Submerged Vehicles, Gerald M. Dworkin
Escape And Rescue From Submerged Vehicles, Gerald M. Dworkin
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
No abstract provided.