Digital Commons Network^™

Syrian And Palestinian Syrian Refugees In Lebanon: The Plight Of Women And Children, Lorraine Charles, Kate Denman

Journal of International Women's Studies

The humanitarian crisis resulting from the Syrian conflict is estimated to be the worst so far of this century. The recent influx of refugees has now reached a point where they are equal to one quarter of Lebanon’s population, causing evident strains on its fragile economy and social structure. Syrians in Lebanon have fled from their home to seek safety, however their vulnerability is now in question as women’s and children’s rights continue to be under threat. This paper investigates the plight of Syrian and Palestinian Syrian refugees in Lebanon with an emphasis on women and children. While there are …

"We Thought We Were Playing": Children’S Participation In The Syrian Revolution, Layla Saleh

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article explores the participation of children in the Syrian uprising against Bashar al-Assad. The involvement of children in democratic social movements and regime transitions has not been addressed in the literature, although some works describe the role children can play in making public policy or in the humanitarian domain. I argue that just as the role of women and of university-aged youth was gradually incorporated in the body of research on the social movements and regime transitions, so should the role of children be studied. I then characterize the role of children in the Syrian uprising as a three-stage …

Libya's Implosion And Its Impacts On Children, Lere Amusan

Journal of International Women's Studies

The Arab Spring’s ripple effects on Libya led to the overthrow of Muammar Al-Qaddafi’s government of over four decades. The regime change in Libya was not a smooth adventure. It led to a civil war, which impacted negatively on Libyan children. The seeds of discord that this war sowed in the once considered stable state shall be the focus of this discussion through the employment of descriptive and analytical methods. The contention of this study is that every actor in the civil war disregarded various international treaties that protect children and indigenous peoples during the war. This paper argues that …

Nation, Gender, And Identity: Children In The Syrian Revolution 2011, Manal Al-Natour

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article examines the victimization and role of Syrian children in the Syrian Revolution 2011. I claim that through engaging in a competition to provide a definitive image of the nation, both the regime and the opposition victimize Syrian children. Nevertheless, the art projects undertaken by nonviolence activists have proven to help children heal and to cope with the predicaments brought on them by the crisis. The poetry, paintings, drawings, and songs produced by these children are the best means they have of representing their victimization and their role in the revolution, and communicating their perspectives on the Syrian nation …

Children Are Natural-Born Urban Planners!, James Rojas

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Every child is capable of becoming an urban planner because they use their minds and bodies to understand the places they habituate. My interactive method taps into their experiences, emotions, and imagination through play to bring out the city planners in them.

Children have an intuitive sense of the environment around them and this knowledge needs to be developed in allowing them to learn how the participate in civic matters and shape cities in the future.

Beyond Surveillance Toward Prevention Of Injury And Illness At Camps, Karla A. Henderson

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Camps have a long history of contributing to positive developmental outcomes for campers and staff. When illness or injury occurs at camp, however, the positive outcomes of the experience can be diminished. Therefore, surveillance and prevention are essential. This national study of camps provided a benchmark for assessing adverse risk factors at camp. The findings have resulted in initial steps to develop training materials to lower the incidence of injury and illness. Other opportunities that might be considered to further the value of surveillance studies might include: continuing to monitor staff as well as campers, assessing the severity of injuries, …

Trends In Child Health Insurance Coverage: A Local Perspective, Jean L. Raphael, Richard R. Batsell, Marc A. Kowalkowski, Aileen Beltran, Angelo P. Giardino, Charles G. Macias

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Background: Over the past decade, the percentage of Americans with access to employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) has declined. Dependents, specifically children, are the most likely to bear the burden of lost coverage.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to 1) describe trends in children’s health insurance taking into account the heterogeneity across different sub-populations and 2) assess the associations between individual, local (offers of ESI), and supply side (proximity to safety net hospitals) characteristics and children’s health insurance.

Methods: We analyzed locally collected survey data for children living in the 12 counties of greater Houston, Texas (years 2003, 2006, 2008, …

The Social Construction Of Childhood Bullying Through U.S. News Media, Rachel Wayne

Journal of Contemporary Anthropology

For the past ten years, childhood bullying has been heavily discussed in public discourse, through increased news reporting, discussion in awareness campaigns, and court proceedings. The characterization of bullying in the media is symptomatic of this discourse; moreover, it reflects the social construction of bullying. In particular, news media’s emotional and scientific portrayal of bullying has inspired criminalization of the act and defined bullying as a normative trend of deviant behavior—a marked difference from its previous portrayal as an isolated but treatable act. In this paper, I report the findings from a content analysis of articles from mainstream U.S. news …

Children's Ideas About The Moral Standing And Social Welfare Of Non-Human Species, Gail F. Melson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Moral and social welfare issues related to humane treatment of animals confront children and continue to be important societal issues through adulthood. Despite this, children's moral reasoning about animals has been largely ignored. This paper addresses six questions concerning how children reason morally about non-human animals: (1) How do children think about the moral claims of animals? Is there a developmental progression in such reasoning? (2) How does moral reasoning about animals differ from moral reasoning about other life forms-plants and ecological systems? (3) What is the relation, if any, between children's moral reasoning about non-human animals and their moral …

Misplaced Misrepresentations: Why Misrepresentation-Of-Age Statutes Must Be Reinterpreted As They Apply To Children’S Online Contracts, Michelle A. Sargent

Michigan Law Review

The information age revolutionized the relationship between individuals and the internet. Today, children are the targets of online advertisements that lure them into accepting terms of service, thus entering into online agreements. While children may feel comfortable navigating websites, they are psychologically predisposed to be unsophisticated and impulsive actors online. Children lack the digital literacy to understand the implications of accepting website terms of service. Meanwhile, several states have misrepresentation-of-age statutes that prevent children from using the infancy doctrine to disaffirm online contracts because, in accepting the terms of service, children often represent that they are old enough to enter …

Can You Swim In Waves? Children's Swimming, Floating, And Entry Skills In Calm And Simulated Unsteady Water Conditions, Per-Ludvik Kjendlie, Tommy Pedersen, Trine Thoresen, Trond Setlo, Kevin Moran, Robert Keig Stallman

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Little is known about the transfer of swimming skills from indoor, flat, calm conditions to outdoor, wavy, unsteady conditions. The aim of the current study was to examine the differences in swimming, floating and entry skills in children between calm and simulated open water conditions. Sixty-six children, 11 years of age, were tested on two occasions, once in calm water and once in simulated open water conditions. Testing consisted of a 200 m time trial, a 3 min back floating test, a diving entry, and a rolling entry. The results show an 8% decrement in performance on the 200 m …

Quantification Of Aquatic Interventions In Children With Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review, Baiba Kārkliņa, Marlies Declerck, Daniel J. Daly

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The objective of the current study was to quantify and summarize the various aquatic interventions in children with disabilities, including studies of all levels of evidence. Forty-five intervention studies were included and were described within nine disability groups. The largest number of articles was found in the groups of “diseases and disabilities of the nervous system” (N = 15) and “mental and behavioral disorders” (N = 15). Swimming or aquatic interventions in children with sensory system and integration deficits, circulatory system problems, and congenital malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities did not reveal any published literature. The categorization of aquatic interventions was …

Myplate, Children, And Lack Of Formative Evaluation: A Systematic Review, Nina Roofe, Elson Bihm

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

Beginning at the critical preschool level, preventing childhood obesity is a multifaceted challenge with health, economic, ethical, and social implications. In particular, increasing emphasis will be placed upon educating children and their caregivers about the USDA’s MyPlate model of good nutrition. To date, evidence-based efforts to teach preschool children nutrition facts and appropriate behaviors are limited, and developers of evidence-based practices do not appear to use formative-evaluation to an adequate extent. Crucial among these evaluations is assessing what the preschool child already knows about the MyPlate components (fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy). University researchers along with graduate students in …

Kadar Hemoglobin Dan Kecerdasan Intelektual Anak, Yuni Kusmiyati, Niken Meilani, Sriyulan Ismail

Kesmas

Kualitas sumber daya manusia dipengaruhi oleh inteligensi anak. Skor kecerdasan intelektual yang tidak menetap pada usia tertentu dapat berubah karena faktor genetik, gizi, dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan kecerdasan intelektual anak. Penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang ini dilakukan pada populasi siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Negeri Giwangan Yogyakarta, tahun 2013. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling terhadap 37 sampel siswa. Instrumen untuk mengukur kecerdasan intelektual dengan Cultural Fair Intelligence Quotient Test yang dirancang untuk meminimalkan pengaruh kultural dengan memperhatikan prosedur evaluasi, instruksi, konten isi, dan respons peserta. Tes dilakukan oleh Biro …

Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes (T2dm) In South Africa - A Focus On Facilitating Physical Activity Behaviour Change In Peri-Urban Youth, Carmen Anderson, Anica Jansen Van Vuuren, Despina Learmonth

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This paper focuses on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the significant health implications it has on individuals living in currently disadvantaged peri-urban areas in South Africa. Given the significant public health and socio-economic burden South Africa faces due to scarce resources and escalating rates of chronic diseases, prevention strategies which impact on modifiable risk factors for T2DM are vital. The population of interest was children and adolescents living in informal settlements on the outskirts of Cape Town. The suggested behaviour change was the increase and maintenance of a more physically active and healthy lifestyle, thereby facilitating weight loss and …

Transracial Foster Care And Adoption: Issues And Realities, Fern L. Johnson, Stacie Mickelson, Mariana Lopez Davila

New England Journal of Public Policy

The article places transracial foster care and adoption into a broader perspective that highlights social and cultural factors and the reasons for controversy about this adoption option. The first section describes the demographics of children in the foster care system. This is followed by an overview of requirements for approval as foster and adoptive parents in Massachusetts and information about the laws governing transracial adoption. The controversy over transracial adoption is laid out by explaining the race-blind and race-matching positions. Policy priorities are outlined that take into account the main points of controversy. The final section focuses on growth in …

Children And Homelessness In Massachusetts, Donna Haig Friedman, Katherine Calano, Marija Bingulac, Christine Miller, Alisa Zeliger

New England Journal of Public Policy

In Massachusetts, more than half a million children (15% of all children) live in poverty, 30% of all children live with parents who lack secure employment, and 41% live in households with high housing cost burdens. This article examines the root causes of poverty and its links to child homelessness in the state. Though the state has a long-standing progressive political legacy, the well-being of low-income families with children continues to decline. The article offers evidence about the extent of child homelessness and its profound effects on Massachusetts children and youth. The interconnectedness of what are usually thought of as …

Real Family, Lenore Myka

Booth

While she waits for the new psychiatrist to arrive, Ginger distracts herself with thoughts of a dinner she imagines would make that smug-smiling Cook’s Illustrated editor gnash his teeth and tear at his bow-tie. Whatever people might say about her as a parent, no one can accuse Ginger of a poorly-fed family. Butter roasted chicken stuffed with garlic, lemon and fresh thyme. Cream cheese and chive mashed potatoes seasoned with imported Hungarian paprika. Sautéed green beans and slivered almonds; chocolate mousse. Or perhaps something lighter. Heirloom tomato gazpacho; spinach, avocado, and grapefruit salad. Lately, she cannot get enough of her …

Transforming Juvenile Justice: Making Doctrine Out Of Dicta In Graham V. Florida, Jason Zolle

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

In the late 1980s and 1990s, many state legislatures radically altered the way that their laws treated children accused of crimes. Responding to what was perceived of as an epidemic of juvenile violence, academics and policymakers began to think of child criminals as a "new breed" of incorrigible "superpredators." States responded by making it easier for prosecutors to try and sentence juveniles as adults, even making it mandatory in some circumstances. Yet in the past decade, the Supreme Court handed down four opinions that limit the states' ability to treat children as adults in the justice system. Roper v. Simmons …

It's Time To Start Showing A Little Restraint: In Search Of A Compromise On Federal Seclusion And Restraint Legislation, Cali Cope-Kasten

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In 2009, the United States House of Representatives heard testimony that hundreds of students had been injured in schools by teachers secluding or physically restraining them. Congress had never legislated on seclusion and restraint, but the alarming allegations of student injuries and deaths prompted many parents to demand a ban on the use of the techniques in schools. In the continuing debate, school officials have protested that seclusion and restraint are important tools for teachers to protect their classrooms from out-of-control students. Torn between these two extreme positions, Congress has twice attempted — but failed — to pass federal legislation …

Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan Composite Index Of Anthropometric Failure, Nurani Rahmadini, Trini Sudiarti, Diah Mulyawati Utari

Kesmas

Upaya menurunkan prevalensi kurang gizi pemerintah membuat program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Cakupan Kadarzi Kota Depok tahun 2011 rendah (12,7%) dan prevalensi gizi kurang, pendek, kurus berturut-turut 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita 6 - 59 bulan berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei Kadarzi 2011. Survei dilakukan di sebelas kecamatan Kota Depok menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 1.176 keluarga yang memiliki balita termuda umur 6 _ 59 bulan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah status gizi balita, perilaku Kadarzi, status Kadarzi, karakteristik balita, dan karakteristik keluarga. Hasil penelitian …

Same-Sex Divorce In The United States: Protecting The Interests Of The Children, Joan Catherine Bohl

University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review

In light of recent political, legal, and legislative developments, the status of same-sex couples across the United States has become increasingly complex. This article focuses on the issue of same-sex divorce in a mobile society. When a same-sex couple moves from a state recognizing same-sex marriage—or from Canada—to a state that does not expressly recognize same-sex marriage, dissolution of that marriage can become a byzantine problem much more complex than a state’s “official” position on same-sex marriage. Relevant factors can range from the state’s legislative and executive pronouncements affecting homosexual citizens in areas such as pension benefits and health plans …

Early Diagnosis And Management Of Combined Occipitoatlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation, Case_Report And Review Of The Literatures, Ali Abou-Madawi

Advanced Spine Journal

Background Data: atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) although rare, is a wellknown condition to most spinal surgeons. Occipitoatlantoaxial rotatory fixation (COAARF) is a condition that may develop as a compensatory event following AARFmaking diagnosis more difficult. Most cases of COAARF present late making their management a difficult task.Purpose: to demonstrate a neglected case of COAARF Study Design: case_report Patients and Methods: we report a 9 years old girl with neglected COAARF following minor trauma. 7 months after trauma we could not reduce its rotation operatively. Results: delayed diagnosis of COAARF precluded its reduction Conclusion: COAARF can result from relatively minor trauma …

Literacy And The Most Marginalised Children, Megan Robinson

International Developments

Researchers, practitioners and policy makers interested in the field of inclusive education gathered at a roundtable meeting to discuss synergies across the Australian and international development education policy arenas regarding literacy interventions for the most marginalised children.

A Barrier To Child Welfare Reform: The Supreme Court’S Flexible Approach To Federal Rule Of Civil Procedure 60(B)(5) And Granting Relief To States In Institutional Reform Litigation, Rachel Dunnington

Seattle University Law Review

In a recent decision, Horne v. Flores, the Court demanded a broader and more flexible application of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (Rule) 60(b)(5). In doing so, the Court opened the door for states to seek relief from court-enforced agreements like consent decrees. This decision undermines the use of institutional reform litigation as a means of fixing the child welfare system and thus deals a further blow to the nation’s most vulnerable citizens. This Note will discuss Horne’s impact on consent decrees stemming from institutional reform litigation in child welfare. Part II will explore the history of Rule 60 as …

Remarital Chances, Choices, And Economic Consequences: Issues Of Social And Personal Welfare, Kevin Shafer, Todd M. Jensen

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Many divorced women experience a significant decline in financial, social, physical, and psychological well-being following a divorce. Using data from the NLSY79 (n= 2,520) we compare welfare recipients, mothers, and impoverished women to less marginalized divorcees on remarriage chances. Furthermore, we look at the kinds of men these women marry by focusing on the employment and education of new spouses. Finally, we address how remarriage and spousal quality (as defined by education and employment) impact economic well-being after divorce. Our results show that remarriage has positive economic effects, but that is dependent upon spousal quality. However, such matches are rare …

Teachers’ Knowledge Of Anxiety And Identification Of Excessive Anxiety In Children, Clea Headley, Marilyn A. Campbell

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This study examined primary school teachers’ knowledge of anxiety and excessive anxiety symptoms in children. Three hundred and fifteen primary school teachers completed a questionnaire exploring their definitions of anxiety and the indications they associated with excessive anxiety in primary school children. Results showed that teachers had an understanding of what anxiety was in general but did not consistently distinguish normal anxiety from excessive anxiety, often defining all anxiety as a negative experience. Teachers were able to identify symptoms of excessive anxiety in children by recognizing anxiety-specific and general problem indications. The results provided preliminary evidence that teachers’ knowledge of …

Parenting Styles And Their Relation To Child Activity Levels, Jessica Sibley

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study was designed to examine the relationship between parenting styles and how they recorded their child’s activity levels. An 18 question survey was available to participants that asked questions in reference to the parenting style they feel they associate with most, as well as questions regarding their child’s hyperactivity, sleeping patterns, eating patterns, and their daily activity.

Validation Of Omron™ Pedometers Using Mti Accelerometers For Use With Children, Bradley P. Peters, Kate A. Heelan Phd, Bryce M. Abbey

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 106-113, 2013. The MTI accelerometer is highly regarded as a reliable means to measure physical activity in children (Trost et. al., 1998); however, it is not always a practical instrument to use. Pedometers offer an alternative method of activity measurement and are often more practical. PURPOSE: To validate Omron™ pedometer (steps/day) against MTI accelerometer (counts /day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) min/day) for children. METHODS: 190 children (88 males, 102 females, 8.7±2.1 yrs, 76.9±27.5 BMI %tile) wore an MTI accelerometer and Omron™ pedometer attached to the same belt for 3.9±2.2 days. …

Seen But Not Heard: Advocating For Children In New York State, Sarah L. Marx

Touro Law Review

On November 1, 2008, the New York State Bar Association House of Delegates approved a resolution affirming their commitment towards establishing a civil right to counsel in New York State. One of the issues identified is a child's right to representation not only in criminal, but also civil proceedings. Unlike other litigant groups, children have a statutorily established right to council in civil proceedings. However, as the white paper, adopted by the New State Bar Association, details, there are gaps in children 's advocacy throughout New York State. While significant steps towards improvement have recently taken place, there is still …